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Nethaji was unique as he was the leader who thought of fighting the brute force of British by armed force and he could source a modem army of about 75,000 men and women. He inspired them with intense patriotic fervour and a burning desire to free from their enslaved motherland. On the other hand, Gandhiji, Nehru etc, all the Gandhian followers were very much different from Bose as they all intended to attain independence through non-violence.

The quarters in which we lived says Bose in his autobiography was prominently a Muslim one and our neighbours were mostly Muslims. I cannot remember ever to have looked upon muslims as different from ourselves in any way, except that they go to pray in a mosque.

Juliet associates Romeo with the ‘coming of the night’.

One of the most adventurous- was the formation of In a to fight against British the Indian soldiers and civilians at once declared to call him ‘Nethaji’. The army fought so well, soon liberated about 3,200 kms of Indian territory from the well entrenched British army. But when Japanese army was withdraun, they were disarmed and court martialled. As Bose boarded an aircraft to Tokyo, it caught fire while taking off. Nethaji was badly burnt and died in hospital the same night. This is one of the most adventerous act of Nethaji in his life.

According to Juliet, the world will pay no worship to the garish sun, only when the face of heaven looks fine.

According to Juliet, it is Romeo who is like ‘day in the night’.

Romeo is ‘whiter than new snow on a raven’s back’.

According to Juliet, Romeo is whiter than new snow on the back of a raven.

OR

Romeo looks whiter than snow on the back of a raven.

a. ‘Rumours are spread by fools and accepted by greater fools’ It is a common tendency of idle people or mischief-makers to spread rumours. These rumour-mongers themselves are fools. They spread some nasty, false news. They themselves do not know the truth or fact in the news. Many a times they have not heard or seen anything but repeat some story/news to people without believing it themselves.

A rumour is any talk, report or hearsay of doubtful nature or unverified statement or assertion. If we track such a rumour, we will find that it either is a falsehood, gossip or an exaggeration of the truth. So we can say that those who start spreading such rumours are fools. Every rumour suggests something more than it conveys and gives people uncomfortable sense of suspicion, mystery and sometimes dreadful traumas.

Some rumours are harmless though, they are spread by fools who intend to get joy and fun in doing so. Any kind of rumour does not stop at one place it goes from one person to another and one place to another. But greater fools are those who satisfy their natural tendency to believe what they want to believe and that also without going to the root of the news. People accept these rumours, add something to each and tell others and they go on nastier and nastier.

So responsibility, who accept the rumours, is greater. Not only gullible, ignorant people fall prey to rumours but also some educated, knowledgeable persons believe them because at that moment they do not use their reason and common sense or rational explanation and then suffer themselves. These people are greater fools because they never care to examine if that particular rumour is reliable, true or if it can stand to their reason.

Before you accept any such rumour be sure it is a fact, nothing untrue and unreliable in it. Or you will have to face unpleasant memories and experiences. So keep away from rumours.

b. Books are our real friends Books are our neverfailing friends. They have their own value. As we need food for our body so we need books for our mind. They are our closest friends who give us precious wealth of knowledge and experience. They deal with various subjects in the world and on every aspect of our life. They are the world of treasures.

The books entertain us, advise us and give comfort and contentment to our soul and most importantly they impart wisdom that helps us throughout our life. They help you in your sufferings, depression and soothe your soul. They give you company when you are alone .

They are your real companions. Making friendship with books itself is a blessing. They take us to the journey into the beautiful world and help you to achieve your success like your true best friends. Good books also teach you the qualities that last long in your life. They give you confidence and courage to speak, to improve your language skills and develop your personality.

They accompany you in painful struggles, difficulties and bad days. They also help you to avoid your mistakes, flaws, teaching you wise conduct and wise tolerance towards others.

The books influence you forever and make you a gentle and knowledgeable person. So, borrow books, buy books, preserve them and make friends with them as your true, real friends!

It was really very shocking.

The names of books written by Ruskin Bond. The Room of the Roof, Blue Umbrella, The Night Train at Deoli, Rusty, the Boy from the Hills, Road to Musoorie, Tales and Legends from India, Our Trees still Grow in Dehra, The India I love, Maharani, The Flight of Pigeons, Dust of the Mountain, The Book of Simple Living, The Kitemakers, All Roads Lead to Ganga, A Season of Ghosts, Vagrants in the Valley, etc.

1. Be passionate. 

2. If we are not satisfied with our job or love, change our ways of Life. 

3. Be ready to take any risk courageously. 

4. Go after our dreams with perseverance.

The expression ‘If you do not-‘ is repeated in the poem. It has been repeated 12 times in the beginning of lines in the poem. The poet emphasizes it because he wants to urge strongly to read the poem and stress the things that we should not do. He reminds us every time what we should avoid to do for living good life.

Following things can lead one to a slow death. If one ignores travelling, reading, listening to the sounds of life, knowing one’s own qualities, keeping your self respect, telling others to help you, then one can lead to slow death. Also, if one becomes a slave of one’s habits, does the same things every day without changing the routine, wears the same colours, avoids speaking to strangers, one can lose his/her happy future.

1. read – feed 

2. change – range

(a) I am the washerman’s son. Who am I? – Sitaram 

(b) I am the owner of the bank, who am I? – Seth Govind Ram 

(c) I am the sweeper, who am I? – Nathu

(d) I am the friend of Mrs. Srivastava, who am I? – Mrs. Bhushan 

(e) I am the hair dresser. Who am I? – Deep Chand 

(f) I have a crooked leg, who am I? – The beggar Ganpat.

a. Sitaram had a bundle of freshly pressed clothes which he balanced on his head.

b. Mrs Srivastava found her friend Mrs Bhushan where a large shady tamarind tree grew at one end of the bazaar.

c. Pipalnagar bank which is about to collapse, has stopped paying his employees.

d. He sat down on the highest step when he had finished his work.

I must know why you are late.

1. job – rob 

2. fast – last.

Sitaram was on his delivery round, wasn’t he?

Points : 

Find if it is reliable – believable – if it has any rational explanation – if it stands to your reason – or consider it fake and untrue – common sense can lead us to facts.

No – can use common sense – reasoning and its reliability.

Fake news are spread by some loafers or idle people or some mischief-makers – some spread false news for passing time – some just for enjoying fun – some for taking revenge and harassing some targeted persons.

1. Nathu, the sweeper 

2. Sitaram, the washerman’s son.

1. a mischief-maker 

2. a washer man 

3. a hooligan 

4. a manager

1. The manager told the customers to go home and come back next day. – Fact 

2. Nathu was disgusted to see the broken glass and stones cluttering the steps. – Fact

3. Seth Govind Ram was hiding in a safe deposit locker. – Rumour 

4. The bank was going out of business. – Rumour

There was a rumour recently in my locality, about a travel company that it was promising people a world tour at just Rs 50,000. It had begun from a man’s misinterpretation of a newspaper advertisement, which stated that the company was offering a discount of Rs 50,000. In no time, people were ready to book the tour for themselves.

They started contacting the company, in a rush, so that they didn’t miss the wonderful offer. On hearing the rumour, a conman thought of playing a trick. He claimed to be an employee of the company and started collecting money from people as advance. He even presented a fake Identity Card of himself, made fake bookings for the people and even gave them fake receipts for the payment they had made.

He took as many bookings as he could in a week and asked people to visit the company’s office in a week’s time to discuss further details. After a week, when people started showing up at the company’s office, they found out that the man never worked there and that the whole thing was a scam. More than 15 families fell victims to this scam and vowed never to believe in any such rumours again.

The four rumours about Seth Govind Ram were as follows.

1. The Seth had fled the State. 

2. He had fled the country. 

3. He was hiding in Pipalnagar. 

4. He had hanged himself from the tamarind tree.

a. Sitaram, the washerman’s son said this to Nathu, the sweeper.

b. Nathu said this to himself.

c. Mrs. Bhushan said this to her husband.

d. The elderly gentleman said to Deep Chand, the barber.

The news of the Bank’s collapse spread through the bazaar with the rapidity of fire. From Mr. Bhushan to Mr Kishore, Mr Kishore to the barber Deep Chand and the elderly gentleman and from there to the general merchant’s it travelled to the shop, circulated amongst the customers, then spread in various directions, to the betel-seller, the tailor, the free vendor, the jeweller, the beggar sitting on the pavement. It played havoc everywhere in Pipalnagar.

The elderly gentleman had heard the rumour about Seth Govind Ram’s Bank. He thought that the Seth had gone broke and so he must have fled to another town. I think the gentleman ran for his cheque book because he wanted to withdraw all his money from the bank before it was declared bankrupt.

4. Nathu grumbled as he swept the steps of the bank. 

2. Nathu used the small broom hurriedly. 

3. Sitaram called out to Nathu. 

1. Nathu complained about his irregular pay.

Correct option is (b) 10th Aug, 1948

List of the customers: 

general merchant, customers of shops, betel-seller, the tailor, the free vendor, the jeweller, the beggar and many others.

The rumour-mongers talk to some people about a news, which is not true. They talk to others and it goes from one person to another and spreads like forest fire. They generally don’t think if the news is reliable or rational or false. Some rumours are harmful and some are harmless. The rumours that are spread intentionally to harm the sentiments of people are harmful. These rumours depress, disturb and cause harassment to people. The rumours that are spread just for fun are harmless but they fool people.

Yes, I have not only heard but also have experienced such a rumour that has harmed people. We had been to a theatre to watch a movie. It was the first show of the movie. In the middle of the show a person shouted ‘Fire! Fire!’. People in the theatre left their seats in fright and ran helter- skelter to the exits for safety. Many fell and were trampled underfoot in the rush. It was an awful scene. Truth came to light that the miscreant was an agent of a producer who wanted the movie to fail.

How determined he was to get his pay!

Dr Stephen Hawking was born in Oxford on the 8th of January 1942. Nobody could imagine that the little boy would be one of the greatest scientists of this century. He faced a great calamity with great courage and became living legend of Cosmology. His body was bound to a wheelchair but his mind was working and that made him one of the greatest scientists of this century.

As a child he had a lot of love for music and mathematics. His father wanted him to study medicine but he was bent on studying mathematics. The Oxford University did not have a course in mathematics, so he opted to study physics.

Even after the disease disabled Stephen he continued his doctoral research work with renewed vigour. He studied the concept of “Black Holes” and got his Ph.D. in the subject. The study sparked his imagination with bright ideas. He made many epoch-making statements that shook established theories. To explain the concept of ‘Big Bang’ better, Stephen invented what is known as “Lie Algebra”.

Where was he now?

(a) Stephen was born on 8th January, 1942 and then grew up like an average child and a normal teenager.

(b) At the age of 17, Stephen noticed that he fell down a couple of times for no reason. 

(c) Stephen was diagnosed with a rare disease- ALS or LOU. 

(d) Stephen decided to continue his doctoral research work with renewed vigour. 

(e) The disease worked its way into Stephen’s body and left him disabled. 

(f) Though confined to a wheelchair he worked on computer and expressed his thoughts. 

(g) He became a fellow of the Royal Society and a member of the US National Academy of Science. 

(h) He believes that in the next millennium, science will discover the core secrets of the universe.

1. Let our money be given to us.

2. So, they are gathering outside.

3. 1. r o u n d 

2. t h i n k 

3. p l a t e 

4. s t o r e

4. 1. beggar, jeweller, shook, thousand. 

2. seldom, soon, speculate, street.

5. 1. “Fetch the Seth, we know he’s hiding in a safe deposit locker!” 

2. “Do you know, my dear, that Seth Govind Ram’s bank cant even pay its employees?”

6. tell → learn → need → dare → eat.

1. Wasn’t the prognosis bad? 

2. Didn’t Stephen decide to continue his research? 

3. Aren’t there many people who display exemplary courage? 

4. Wouldn’t his mind soar up into space, like light?

The writer says about Dr. Hawking’s books that he wrote many books dealing with his terrific ideas keeping a common man in mind. His writing is full of wit and humour. His style is so lucid that nonscientists can also understand his writing. His book ‘A Brief History of Time’ is one of the best selling books of our time.

(1) Nouns : Train, plane, carriage, compartment, journey, window, scenery, view, sights, pictures, landscape, hedges, ditches, fairies, houses, bridges, witches, plains, hills, rivers, child, mill, stations, horses and cattle, flight.

(2) Verbs : run, move, see, view, fly, clambers, scrambles, charge, stand, gaze, enjoy, look, gather, carry, board.

(3) Adjective : colourful, painted, twisting, curving, winding, crossing, driving, stringing, charging, gathering, booking.

Cinquain poem connected to travel.

Flight 

next, international 

booking, boarding, landing 

no place like home 

plane

(i) India successfully performed her first nuclear test at Pokharan in Rajasthan on 18th May, 1974 in consonance with the policy of using nuclear energy for peaceful purposes and for self sufficiency. 

(ii) The reason why India took this decision was China’s nuclear capability and Pakistan’s desperate efforts to acquire nuclear weapons with China’s help. 

(iii) Dr Homi Sethna, the chairman of the Indian Atomic Energy Commission and Dr Raja Ramanna,

Director of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre played a major role in conducting this nuclear test. 

(iv) Prime Minister Indira Gandhi took the decision of carrying out a ‘nuclear explosion’. Pokharan was chosen on the basis of the required criteria for the location of the nuclear tests : far away from human settlement and no ground water reserves.

1. see – sea 

2. wood – would 

3. there – their 

4. scene – seen 

5. won – one 

6. I – eye 

7. peace – piece 

8. threw – through

9. hence – hens 

10. knot – not

My family is always there to help me in my work. Each one of them, especially my parents, help me in deciding my goal. If I neglect any day, they remind me of my goal all the while. They all are ready to guide me, in their own way, to achieve whatever I desire. They always encourage, admire and praise me even for my smallest achievement.