Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Let m₁ = 8 kg and m₂ = 12 kg

Let T be the tension in the string, and the acceleration with which system moves is 'a'.

For mass, m₁, m₁a = T - M₁g

or, 8a = T - 8 x 9.8    ....(i)

For mass m₂, m₂a = m₂g - T

⇒ 12a = 12 x 9.8 - T    ....(ii)

Adding equations (i) and (ii), we get

(8 + 12)a = T - 8 x 9.8 + 12 x 9.8 - T

20a = 4 x 9.8

⇒ a = {4 x 9.8}/{20} = 0.69 ms^-2

From equation (i) we get,

T = 8 x 0.69 + 8 x 9.8 = 83.92 N

It is defined as the ratio of the force of friction (F_f) to the normal reaction (R),

i.e., μ = \(\frac{F_f}{R}\)

The commonly used coefficients of friction are :

Coefficient of limiting friction, μ_s.

Coefficient of kinetic friction, μ_k.

Frictional force, which balances the applied force when the body is in the state of rest is called static friction.

Let x be the length of the chain that can be outside the table. Let ‘M’ be the total mass of the chain. 

Mass on the table is \(\frac {M}{L}\) (L – x)

Mass of the chain outside = \(\frac {M}{L}\) x

For, equilibrium,

Force of friction = weight of the hanging part.

.e., μN = \((\frac {M}{L}x)\) g × α

i.e., μ \((\frac {M}{L}(L-x)g) = (\frac {M}{L}x)\)g

μ(L – x) = x or x = \(\frac {μL}{1+μ}\).

The maximum static friction that a body can exert on the other body in contact with it is called limiting friction.

It has no unit.

When the bob is released from the horizontal position A, it will reach the equilibrium position O by moving along a circular path as shown in fig. above.

At the point O, the bob of the pendulum is acted upon by two, forces: its weight 'mg' and tension T in the string. The resultant of these forces provide the necessary centripetal force i.e.,

mv²/l = T - mg or, T = mv²/l + mg    ...(i)

The velocity 'v' can be determined by applying the principle of conservation of energy, i.e.,

Kinetic energy of the bob at the point O

= Potential energy at the point A

⇒ 1/2 mv² = mgl ⇒ v = √{2gl}

In the equation (i), substituting for v, we have

T = {m(√{2gl})²}/{l} + mg = 3 mg

Limiting friction decreases as the wooden block is moved with increasing speed on the horizontal surface.

(i) Newton’s 1st law is followed in this situation e

(ii) If the mass and acceleration both are doubled then the momentum will be increased four times

(iii) If the mass and acceleration both are doubled then the momentum will be decreased one four times

(iv) A stone filled truck as more mass than a car hence it has more momentum thus it is observed that only the car is pushed backward

(v) If the jet engines do not produce enough thrust to push the aeroplane in mid-air the force of aeroplane and resistance of air will become balanced thus putting the aeroplane at rest which will result in a crash.

The rockets are given conical shapes so as to reduce atmospheric friction.

Correct answer is (B) 34°C to 42°C

It is due to the fact that rolling friction is less than sliding friction.

i.

1. The intermolecular space between crystals of sand is very large as compared to that in a rigid surface. 

2. Thus, there are number of depressions at the points of contact of feet and sand surface. 

3. Projections and depressions between sand and feet are not completely interlocked. 

4. Thus, action and reaction force become unbalanced. The horizontal component of force helps to move forward and vertical component of the force resist to move.

Hence, it becomes difficult to run fast on sand.

ii.

1. When a barrel is pulled along a road, the friction between the tyres and road is kinetic friction, but when its rolls along the road it undergoes rolling friction. 

2. The force of kinetic friction is greater than force of rolling friction. Hence, it is easy to roll than pull a barrel along a road.

iii.

1. When the tyre is inflated, the pressure inside the tyre is reducing the normal force between tyre and the ground, and thus reducing the friction between the tyre and the road.

2. When the tyre gets deflated, it gets deformed during rolling, the supplied energy is used up in changing the shape and not overcoming the friction, and thus due to deformation, friction increases.

Hence, an inflated tyre rolls easily than a flat tyre.

iv.

1. Friction helps us to walk, hold objects in hand, lift objects and without friction we cannot walk, we cannot grip or hold objects with our hands, 

2. Friction is responsible for wear and tear of various part of machines, it produces heat in different parts of machine and also produces noise but it also helps in ball bearing or connecting screws. Hence, friction is said to be a necessary evil because it is useful as well as harmful.

ΔV/V = 0.01/100

p = 100 x 1.01 x 10⁶ dyne/cm²

Hence, K = pV/ΔV = (100 x 10⁶)/(0.01 x 100) = 10¹² dynes cm^-2

Digital signature and Digital certificate

SSL security technology establishes an encrypted link between a Web server and browser.

After getting into the body of the person, the retrovirus enters into macrophages where RNA genome of the virus replicates to form viral DNA with the help of the enzyme reverse transcriptase. This viral DNA gets incorporated into the DNA of host cells and directs the infected cells to produce viral particles. The macrophages continue to produce virus and in this way acts like a HIV factory.

Serotonin, histamine and prostaglandins.

In Jaipur World Heritage Site Jantar-Mantar situated.

The European employers had taken the following steps to retain the African laborers:

i) The European government imposed a heavy taxation system which could be paid by the African laborers only by working for the Europeans.

ii) They were kept in closed circuit areas and were not allowed to move freely.

iii) A new inheritance law was issued stating that only one family member will inherit the land and the rest will move into the labor market.

Kaila Devi’s fair.

Parbatsar is Tejaji’s fair organised.

Tourism has been granted the status of industry in Rajasthan. This is a pollution-free industry. It is believed that at least one person gets employment per 8 foreign tourists in the state and at least one person gets opportunity of employment per 2 domestic tourists visiting the state. People such as guides, travel agents, drivers, hoteliers and handicraft tradesman get adequate opportunities of employment due to which their income increases and their economic condition strengthens.

In Ranthambore.

Mount Abu is situated in Sirohi district

In Jaisalmer.

Rinderpest is a fatal cattle disease.

It was brought into Africa through the cattle that were imported from British Asia.

It had entered Africa through the Eastern part of the country and had soon spread to the Southern part as well. It had killed almost 80% to 90% of the cattle. It had greatly affected the transport system of the country. Since there was no source of meat and milk, the Africans suffered a lot due to starvation and lost their livelihood. The Europeans saw this as an opportunity to conquer and control the scarce resources of Africa.

Portugal and Spain

The two European countries of Portugal and Spain had conquered a vast portion of America in the mid 16 century. This conquest was possible due to the superior quality of military equipment, Apart from this, another unconventional reason for conquest was the germs of smallpox, carried by Europeans to America. Since the people living in America lived in isolation and did not have any immunization against it, it led to the spread of smallpox among them. Eventually, many people died in America, which further strengthen their conquest.

Radium is more expensive than diamonds. It is a rare metal discovered by Madam Curie. The poet was ready to buy tickets as expensive as radium just to stay as a spectator.

Alwar-Bharatpur-Sawai Madhopur.

In Ganganagar Gogaji fair organised.

 In Pushkar Brahma Ji temple located.

There are three main tourism centers in India- Kashmir, Goa and Rajasthan. Since the past few years, regular tourist and separatist activities in Kashmir have reduced its significance therefore the tourists are getting attracted towards Rajasthan. The state government has declared tourism as an industry.

Correct option is (C) compete

Tourism has following problems :

1. Lack of adequate housing facilities. 

2. Problem of marketing of literature, guides and public contacts. 

3. Inadequate transports and communication facilities.

Rajasthan holds a special place not only on Indian map, but also on the global tourism map. Where, on one hand, Rajasthan has an 800 year old fort known as Sonar fort, on the other hand, it has a spectacular fort known as Chittorgarh fort, which is a symbol of Maharana Pratap’s epic of bravery. There is a treasure of such culturally and historically prosperous monuments in Rajasthan. 

Important tourist places are :

i. Forts and palaces : Lohagarh fort in Bharatpur was built in 1773 by King Surajamal. Palaces of Deeg are an ideal resting place for a tired conscience. The palaces of an erstwhile estate in Dholpur are renowned for red stones. Ancient Ranthambore fort is situated in Sawai Madhopur District. This is 200 meters high. Jaipur, the capital city, is also known as pink city. This city was established by Raja Jai SinghTl in the 18ft century. Major places and memorials of Jaipur are based on Hindu architecture, and on the other side, a beautiful fusion of Hindu and Muslim culture can be seen in Merwara circuit. Saga and glory of many bravehearts of the state exist in these palaces and forts. Palaces are the prime centers of attraction in districts like Jaipur, Udaipur, Bharatpur, Kota, Bundi and Bikaner.

ii. Religious places : Main tourist centers from religious point of view include Dilwara Jain Temple which is famous for its supreme craftswork on marble and Jain temple of Ranakpur which is famous for its supreme craftswork on normal stone. Apart from this, Jagdish temple of Udaipur, Rishbhadev, Charbhuja Temple, Nathdwara, Ekling Ji, Sanwariya, Bijolia, Shiva temple of Char Chausa at Hadoti plateau, Paran temple, Brahma Ji temple of Pushkar, Soniji temple of Ajmer, Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti ki Dargah, Khatu shyamji, salasaiji temple in Sikar, Govind Dev Ji temple in Jaipur, Surya temple in Amer and Kami Mata temple in Bikaner etc. are also very famous.

iii. Art and cultural points : Rajasthan is a wealthy state from the point of view of art and culture. Ornaments of minakari from Jaipur, Nathdwara, Pratapgarh are famous and Sanganer is famous for tie and dye and handmade paper. Wooden toys of Udaipur, carpets of Bikaner, Jaipur and Banner, and carvings on silver and bronze utensils of Jaipur attract a large number of tourists. In the same way, Theikala drawings by putting gold layer on glass in Pratapgarh, Fad paintings of Shahpura (Bhilara), picture stories of Bundi and Kisangarh style, and Jaipur’s “murtikala” are unique in their own way. In Rajasthan, Dandiya dance of Marwar, Ghoomar of Mewar, Dhol dance of desert, Chakri dance of Hadoti and Agni dance of Bikaner, not only express the day to day life, but are also a source of entertainment for tourists. Dusshera fair of Kota, Bharatpur’s Holi, colourful Diwali of Jaipur attract the tourists the most.

iv. Art and Architecture : In the centres of art and architecture in Rajasthan, Adhai Din ka Jhonpra of Ajmer, Jantar Mantar of Jaipur, Hawa Mahal, Chandra Mahal and the entire Pink City, Patwon ki Haweli and Nathmal ki Haweli in Jaisalmer, famous Deeg palaces, Vijay Stambh and Kirti Stambh at Chittorgarh fort, Chaurasi Khambo ki Chhatri in Bundi, Chhatris of Sarbagh, Ranaji ki Baori, Hawelis of Ramgarh, Toran Dwar of Udaipur, Bhavani Natyashala of Jhalawar, buildings of Nawalgarh, etc. attract the tourists.

v. Wildlife tourism : Asia’s topmost bird sanctuary-Keoladev Ghana National park, situated at Bharatpur, attracts a large number of tourists because it serves a shelter home for birds migrating from other parts of India and abroad. Sariska tiger reserve of Alwar, Durra reserve of Kota, Dholpur reserve, Tal Chhapar deer reserve at Churn district, Sitamata reserve near Pratapgarh are the main centers of tourist attraction.

Ranthambore national park of Sawai Madhopur is one of the a biggest Project Tiger centres of the country, and it was declared a national park in 1982. A 191 sq. mile area of Sariska Tiger Sanctuary in Alwar was declared a national park in the year 1982.

1. Making and implementing project schemes for tourists in the state. 

2. Maintenance and development of places significant for tourism. 

3. Building and managing hotels, motels, tourist bungalows etc. for providing facilities such as food and residence. 

4. Providing facilities to tourists like transportation, entertainment etc. and making arrangement for package tourism. 

5. Making and disturbing advertisements material for attracting the tourists.

On April 1st, 1979.

In 2012-13, stress was laid upon the development of heritage walk in cities and provision of water facilities at religious places in cities.

The state government, under various schemes, and by looking at the abundant opportunities of tourism, is encouraging various private entrepreneurs to invest in setting up facilities like housing, transportation and others. Such tourist points which have not been in the knowledge of tourists are being developed and marketed. To make Rajasthan famous at the international level, a limited liability company named Rajasthan Tourism Development Corporation Limited (RTDC) was incorporated on April 1st, 1979.

Major functions of Rajasthan Tourism Development Corporation Limited (RTDC) :

1. Making and implementing project schemes for tourists in the state. 

2. Maintenance and development of places significant for tourism. 

3. Building and managing hotels, motels, tourist bungalows etc. for providing facilities such as food and residence. 

4. Providing facilities to tourists like transportation, entertainment etc. and making arrangement for package tourism. 

5. Making and disturbing advertisement material for attracting the tourists.

Programmes of Tourism Development in Rajasthan :

1. In March 1989, the state government declared tourism as an industry. Presently, the state government has enhanced the percentage of grants from 15% to 20% to encourage private investors. 

2. Under the paying guest scheme, through 562 families in Jaipur, Jodhpur, Udaipur, Jaisalmer, Bikaner, Ajmer, Chittorgarh, Mount Abu and Pushkar, an arrangement has been made for stay of more than 4000 tourists. 

3. A scheme has been made for the conservation of Jaisalmer fort by building up exits for dirty and sewage water. 

4. Rajasthan is developing the tourist places of the state. At present, it is working on scheme directed towards overall development of Ajmer Sharif Dargah and Pushkar. 

5. For transmigration of tourists, air services are being expanded. Now, the number of weekly flights have been increased from 9 to 42. 

6. Light and sound show has been started in the palaces of Moti Dungri and Amer. 

7. The number of heritage hotels (in palaces older than 7 5 years) is being continuously increased. 

8. Time and again, the tourist policy is being framed to increase the number of tourists. 

9. In the budget of 2010-11, a programme had been made to celebrate the Desert Safari, International Kite and Balloon festival. 

10.In 2011-12, Jantar Mantar has been included in World Heritage List by the UNESCO. The government will spend money on its maintenance. 

11.In 2012-13, stress was paid upon the development of heritage walk in cities and development of water facilities at religious places. 

12.The tourism policy of 2012-13 was extended till 31st March 2014.

Jaipur city is famous for Meenakari ornaments.

(a) 330.76 lakh

Palace on Wheels.

(a) 15.36 lakh

(b) Maharaja Jaisjngh

1. Making and implementing project schemes for tourists in the state. 

2. Maintenance and development of places of tourism significance. 

3. Building and managing hotels, motels, tourist bungalows etc. for providing facilities such as food and residence. 

4. Providing facilities to tourists like transportation, entertainment etc. and making arrangement for package tourism. 

5. Making and distributing advertisement material for attracting the tourists.

Answer is: (a) Jaisalmer

(c) 346.02 lakh

Udaipur area is famous for wooden toys.

In Sawai Madhopur.