Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

(i) It is used as a fuel 

(ii) It is the major component of biogas and CNG.

The reaction in which alcohol reacts with carboxylic acid to produce a new compound called ester is called esterification.

2 – Butanone.

Pure ethanoic acid has a low freezing point. It heezes and looks like glaciers

The water content present in acetic acid provided in the laboratory is higher than that of glacial acetic acid. 

Pure ethanoic acid is often called glacial acetic acid because it freezes to form ice-like crystals when kept in cold surroundings (the melting point is 290K).

By adding hydrogen to ethene in the presence of a catalyst.

By adding hydrogen to ethene in the presence of a catalyst.

B) non-polar

Correct option is  A) polar

Sodium or potassium salt of fatty acid.

When pure ethanoic acid is cooled, it freezes to form a colourless, ice-like liquid. This pure ethanoic acid is called ethanoic acid (or glacial acetic acid).

Ethene decolourises bromine water because ethene is an alkene. And all alkenes and alkynes are unsaturated compounds which decolourise bromine water. On the other hand, ethane being an alkane is a saturated compound which does not decolourise bromine water.

A spherical aggregate of soap molecules in water is called micelle.

Red litmus turns into blue.

CH₃CH₂OH+KMnO₄[O] → CH₃COOH

CH₃CH₂OH-Ethanol

CH₃COOH-Ethanoic acid

CH₃COOH+NaHCO₃→CH₃COONa+H₂O+CO₂

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons having at least one (C = C) double bond in their structures, Alkenes are also called olefins. Their general formula is C_nH_2n

Ex : Ethylene (C₂ H₄) and propene (C₃ H₆), etc.

•The common family of hydrocarbons found in crude oil is the alkenes. In this family there is at least one carbon–carbon double bond. This double bond makes a big difference to the chemistry of the compounds of the family.

•The general formula for alkenes can be written as C_nH_2n, where n=2,3,4....

The molecular formula for two consecutive members of this series are :

CH₃Br (Bromomethane)

C₂H₅Br (Bromoethane)

i. A series of carbon compounds having the same functional group, similar chemical properties and the successive members differing from each other in their molecular formula by a -CH₂- (methylene) unit is called homologous series.

ii. Homologous series of alkanes: All alkanes have same general formula C_nH_2n+2 (where n = 1, 2, 3, ....) and they show similar chemical properties. The first member of the series is methane (CH₄). The next succeeding member of the series is ethane (C₂H₆) and it differs by a -CH₂- unit. The first five members of homologous series of alkanes are listed in the following table:

Ethanol bums to form carbon dioxide and water.

The molecular formula of two consecutive members of this series is :

CH₂CI (Chloromethane)

C₂H₅CI (Chloroethane)

A homologous series is the family of an organic compound having the same functional group and the successive (adjacent) members of which differ by CH₂ unit or 14 mass unit

(i) The combining atoms should have 4 to 7 electrons in their valence shell.

(ii) The combining atoms should not lose electrons easily.

(iii)The combining atoms should gain electrons readily.

(iv)The difference in electronegativities of two bonded atoms should be low

(B) the fuel is not burning completely

(b) 7 covalent bonds.

(b) the fuel is not burning completely.

(c) ketone..

Names of carbon compounds ending in ‘–one’ have ketone (-C=O) as the functional group.

Methane burns in air with the formation of carbon dioxide and water.

CH₄+2O₂→ CO₂+2H₂O+Heat energy

Carboxylic acid group, -COOH gives brisk effervescence with NaHCO₃

C) allotropy

The correct answer is

(D) (iv)

The effervescence is due to the formation of CO₂ when NaHCO₃ is treated with carboxylic acids.

RCOOH + NaHCO₃→ RCOONa + CO₂↑ + H₂O

The alkyl part (carbon chain) of an organic compound determines its physical properties whereas the functional group determines its chemical properties.

Nitrogen atoms share 3 pairs of electrons to form a triple bond (N≡N) to attain stable electronic configuration.

5 to 8% solution of acetic acid in water is called Vinegar. It is used as a preservative in pickles.

Butter and cooking oil can be distinguished by using alkaline KMnO₄. Being unsaturated only cooking oil decolourises the pink colour of alkaline KMnO₄ whereas butter does not because it is saturated. Bromine water test is also used where brown colour is discharged by the cooking oil.

Vegetable oil is better because it has unsaturated fatty acids which are goods for health.

Hydrogen is added to groundnut oil when it is to be converted  to vanaspati  ghee.

Things made in industries and factories are known as industrial products.

Such customs and manners are known as social traditions.

(i) Shivam had spicy food, so he was suffering from acidity.

(ii) Antacids are alkaline in nature, so when Shivam took a spoon of antacid it neutralized tire acid. The type of reaction is Neutralisation reaction.

(iii) Friendship, concern for each other, value and balanced diet.

1. Family 

2. traditions 

3. cooperate 

4. joint

A family in which grandfather – grandmother, uncles – aunts and their children live together is known as joint family.

Only the married couple and their children live in a nuclear family while many generations live together in a joint family in which grandfather-grandmother, uncles – aunts, and their children, all live together.

(d) Jealous by others progress

Elders are very important members of a family. In the family, the children learn to respect their elders and love their younger ones while noticing the behaviour of the elders. The elders have a rich experience of life whose benefit can be obtained by other younger members of the family. The benefit of this experience of life proves to be useful for an individual in adverse circumstances. Affection and the moral and exciting fables told by grandfather and grandmother are of great use in life. In the guardianship of the elders, the younger members remain secure and lead their lives happily. Under the direction of elders, we get the opportunity of forming our objectives of life and achieving it.