Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

A. (iv)

B. (v) 

C. (ii) 

D. (iii) 

E. (i)

A. (v) 

B. (iv) 

C. (ii)

D. (i) 

E. (iii)

Correct Answer is: (a) China

India country decided to introduce the Japan’s Shikansen system.

(a) Solar Alliance

(a) Renewable

Correct answer is (c) 2/3

It is defined as the ratio of heat extracted from the cold body (sink) to the external work done by the compressor W.

The lowest temperature of 0 K at which a gas is supposed to have zero volume (and zero pressure) and at which entire molecular motion stops is called absolute zero of temperature.

(b) no change

K.E of an ideal gas depends only on the temperature. Hence, it remains the same.

(d) Quarter the pressure at constant temperature.

(d) both temperature and quantity of the gas.

Let the initial volume be V. After isothermal expansion, pressure = \(\frac{P}{4}\), volume = 4V

Let P' is the pressure after adiabatic compression.

Then volume then is V. Therefore,

P' V^γ = \(\frac{P}{4}\) (4V)^γ ; P' = \(\frac{P}{4}\) (4)^{\(\frac{3}{2}\)}

P' = 2P

Horizontal component of the velocity.

It is a case of motion in a vertical circle.

At the upper point of the loop, the equation can be given as R + mg = mv²/r   ...(i)

Where R is the normal reaction and 'r' is the radius of the loop. Minimum possible speed at the uppermost point is when R = 0

∴ Equation (i) becomes, mg = mv²/r

v_min = √{rg} = √{25 x 10} = 15.8 ms^-1

The angle of banking is given by,

tanθ = \(\frac {v^2}{rg}\)

Here, v = \(\frac {15000}{60 \times 60} \) = 4.17 ms^-1

∴ tanθ = \(\frac {(4.17)^2}{58 \times 9.8}\)

= 0.03059

θ = tan^-1 (0.03059)

= 1°45’.

Since the maximum error possible for 2 clocks is 0.02 s, the error for 1 clock = 0.01 s.

∴ Accuracy = (3600 x 24 x 365 x 100)/0.01

= 3.15 × 10¹¹

= 1 part in to¹¹ to 10¹²

The correct option is (A) Electric power.

The kilowatt hour (symbolized kW⋅h as per SI) is a composite unit of energy equivalent to one kilowatt (1 kW) of power sustained for one hour. 

One watt is equal to 1 J/s. One kilowatt hour is 3.6 mega joules, which is the amount of energy converted if work is done at an average rate of one thousand watts for one hour.

The correct option is (C) Energy.

Lenz's Law is consistent with the Principle of Conservation of Energy because when a magnet with N-pole facing coil is pushed toward (or pulled away from) the coil, there is an increase (or decrease) in magnetic flux linkage, resulting in an induced current flowing in the cell, according to Faraday's Law.

The Correct option is C. energy

Lenz's law states that the direction of induced current is such that if opposes the cause which produces it. It is based on the law of conservation of energy.

Speed of the belt, v_B = 4 km/h
Speed of the boy, v_b = 9 km/h

(a) Since the boy is running in the same direction of the motion of the belt, his speed (as observed by the stationary observer) can be obtained as: v_bB = vb + v_B = 9 + 4 = 13 km/h

b) Since the boy is running in the direction opposite to the direction of the motion of the belt, his speed (as observed by the stationary observer) can be obtained as: v_bB = v_b + (– v_B) = 9 – 4 = 5 km/h

(c) Distance between the child’s parents = 50 m

As both parents are standing on the moving belt, the speed of the child in either direction as observed by the parents will remain the same i.e., 9 km/h = 2.5 m/s.
Hence, the time taken by the child to move towards one of his parents is 50/2.5 = 20s.
If the motion is viewed by any one of the parents, answers obtained in (a) and (b) get altered. This is because the child and his parents are standing on the same belt and hence, are equally affected by the motion of the belt. Therefore, for both parents (irrespective of the direction of motion) the speed of the child remains the same i.e., 9 km/h. For this reason, it can be concluded that the time taken by the child to reach any one of his parents remains unaltered.

1. Speed of the child running in the direction of motion of the belt = Speed of the child with respect to the belt + Speed of the belt with respect to the ground

= 9 + 4 = 13 kmh^-1.

2. Speed of the child running opposite to the direction of motion of the belt = speed of the child with respect to the belt speed of the belt with respect to the ground

= 9 – 4 = 5 kmh^-1.

3. Time taken by the child in both cases is the same because the speed of the child with respect to the belt does not change. Speed v = 9 kmh^-1 = 2.5 ms^-1

Distance d = 50 m

Time t = Distance/Speed = 50/2.5 = 20 s

The answer to (a) and (b) when the motion is viewed by one of the parents is 9 kmh^-1. This is because the parents are also on the belt and are moving with respect to the ground. They only see the motion of the child with respect to the belt. In (c), the answer remains unaltered because the speed of the child with respect to the belt does not depend on the speed of the parents.

It would provide appropriate water for irrigation.

Solar cell is a device that converts solar energy into electricity. Since the output of a single solar cell is quite small, a large number of solar cells are combined using silver for the interconnection.

This arrangement of solar cell is called a solar panel that can deliver enough electricity for practical use.

Uses :

(i) Artificial Satellites.

(ii) Traffic lights, calculators

(iii) Radio, and wireless transmission

(iv) At TV relay station.

Limitations :

(i) Highly expansive.

(ii) Fabrication is a complex process.

(iii) Low efficiency.

This is due to the inertia of rest.

The correct answer is (b) decreases

The correct answer is (a) (b)

(a) Such a process is not possible. 

(b) The work done by the system is positive.

The correct answer is (c) ΔW₁, < ΔW₂. 

The correct answer is (a) ΔQ₁ > ΔQ₂

The correct answer is (b) ΔU₁ = ΔU₂

t₁ = 15°c t₂ = 17°c 

Δt = t₂ – t₁ = 17 – 15 = 2°C = 2 + 273 = 275 K

m_v = 100g = 0.1kg 

m_w = 200g = 0.2kg 

cu_g = 420J/kg–k 

W_g = 4200J/kg–k 

(a) The heat transferred to the liquid vessel system is 0. The internal heat is shared in between the vessel and water. 

(b) Work done on the system = Heat produced unit => dw = 100 × 10^–3 × 420 × 2 + 200 × 10^–3 × 4200 × 2 = 84 + 84 × 20 = 84 × 21 = 1764J. 

(c) dQ = 0, dU = – dw = 1764. [since dw = –ve work done on the system]

The correct answer is (a) (d) 

(a) The process must be adiabatic. 

(d) The temperature must decrease.

The correct answer is (a) (c)

(a) ΔU₁ + ΔU₂ = 0. 
(c) ΔQ - ΔW = 0.

U = 1.5pV P = 1 × 10⁵ Pa
dV = (200 – 100)cm³ = 100cm³ = 10^–4m³
dU = 1.5 × 10⁵ × 10^–4 = 15
dW = 10⁵ × 10^–4 = 10
dQ = dU + dW = 10 + 15 = 25J

Meaning of 2⁵ ÷ 2² is 2^5-2.

(i) 0.0002

= 2/10000

= 2/10⁴

= 2.0 x 10^-4

(ii) 0.000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 00016

= 1.6 x 10^-19 coulomb

(iii) 1/1000000 = 1 x 10^-6

(iv) 0.0016 = 16/10000 = 16/10⁴

= 16 x 10^-4

= 1.6 x 10^-3 cm

The chief events of the year 1893 were Helen Keller’s visits to Niagara and the World’s Fair. She went to Niagara in March, 1893. It was a unique experience for her. It was difficult to describe her emotions when she stood on the point which overhangs the American Falls. She felt air vibrate and the earth tremble.

It might seem strange to many people that a blind and deaf girl should be impressed by the wonders and beauties of Niagara. What could that beauty and music meant to her? How could a blind and deaf girl see the waves rolling up the beach or hear their roar? To Helen Keller visiting Niagara was an uplifting experience.

During the summer of 1893, Helen Keller visited the World’s Fair with Miss Sullivan and Dr. Alaxander Graham Bell. She recalled those days when her childish fancies became beautiful realities. She saw many wonders from different parts of the world. All the marvels of invention, industry and the activities of human life actually passed under her finger tips. There she could feel the glories of India with its ‘Shivas and elephant gods’. There was the land of the Pyramids with long processions of camels. The President of the World’s Fair gave her the permission to touch the exhibits. Everything fascinated her, especially the French bronzes. Dr. Bell went everywhere with them. He in his own delightful way described to Helen the objects of greatest interest. All these experiences added a great many new words in Helen’s vocabulary. It matured her to appreciate ‘the real and the earnest in the workaday world.’

True.

The standard form of 100000000000 is 1.0 x 10¹¹.

Value points :

• Man of genius

• Sweetest privilege of Helen’s life to know him and converse with him.

• He broadened Helen’s horizon.

• He never tried to limit her thoughts about religion.

• He taught Helen on special creed.

• Explained to Helen that there is only one Universal Religion – The Religion of Love.

• Helen’s closeness to Bishop Brooks enlarged Helen’s heart and she was ready to embrace all humanity.

• Lessons taught by him left an indelible impression on Helen’s heart and broadened her outlook and thinking.

• A true preacher and a noble soul.

Detailed Answer :

Bishop Brooks was in Helen’s words, one among many of the ‘men of genius’ with whom she had the pleasure of acquaintance. He has the sweetest privilege of Helen’s life. She knows him well and converse with him. As a child, Helen used to love sitting on his knees and clasping the great hand in her own just as Miss Sullivan spelled out his beautiful words about God and the spiritual world. She would listen with the wondrous delight of a child, her spirit could not reach up to his but he would give her a real sense of joy in life. He broadened Helen’s horizon of developing thought process. He never tried to limit her thoughts about religion. Once, when she had been puzzled by the existence of so many religions in the world, Bishop Brooks had told her that there was one universal religion, the religion of love, the love owed to their Heavenly Father with whole heart and soul and the love owed to every child of God, remembering that the possibilities of good were far greater than that of evil. Bishop Brooks’ life was an illustration of his philosophy, love and the widest knowledge blended with faith in his noble soul giving him an insight into life. Helen’s closeness to Bishop Brooks enlarged Helen’s heart and she was ready to embrace all humanity. The lessons taught by him left an indelible impression on Helen’s heart and broadened her outlook and thinking. Bishop Brooks had not taught Helen any special creed or dogma. He had impressed upon her the two great ideas of the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man, which she came to believe as the overarching truths of her life. Bishop Brooks had taught her the creed of love. Really, He is a true preacher and noble soul.

Helen Keller’s ‘The Story of My Life’ was published in 1903 when she was at the age of twenty two. It includes the story of her life and was written during her time in Redcliffe College. The story of Keller’s ability to communicate despite of her insurmountable handicaps immediately fascinate people. Her story gives us an idea of what it means to be both deaf and blind. She faces extraordinary difficulties, limitations and handicaps with courage and grace. The plot or the storyline of ‘The Story of My Life’ covers only her childhood and young womanhood. The story of Helen Keller’s life is incomplete as she had more than sixty years yet to live. Her story serves as a model for what the physically disabled can accomplish. The storyline starts with the mysterious illness that left her deaf and dumb when she was just one and a half years old. The advent of Miss Sullivan changed the very course of her life. The first five chapters describe how Miss Sullivan taught her words by spelling them into her hands. In this way, she learnt words like ‘‘d-o-l-l’’, ‘‘s-i-t’’, ‘‘p-i-n’’, ‘‘h-a-t’’, ‘‘c-u-p’’, etc. The next important step in her education was learning to read. She learnt to speak in 1890. The winter of 1890 was darkened by the charge of plagiarism against her for writing ‘The Frost King’.

The Story of My Life’ is based on the value of perseverance. It also glorifies the tireless and undying spirit of overcoming insurmounting hurdles and obstacles in life. Due to sheer perseverance, a deaf and dumb child Helen Keller learnt to communicate and interact with the outerward in a meaningful way. There is no doubt that at moments she felt helpless and frustrated but Helen was determined to succeed. She was a wonderful fighter. 

Helen Keller overcame the seemingly insurmountable obstacles and blindness. She became an icon of perseverance and untiring struggle throughout the world. The autobiography ‘The Story of My Life’ was written when she was only 22 years old. Her autobiography ‘The Story of My Life’ still motivates and guides thousands of those unfortunate blind and deaf children for whom there is only darkness and silence in the world. She lived in her isolated world until Miss Sullivan came to open up a world of communication to her. Anne taught her manual sign language, braille and lip-reading. Helen’s achievements are awesome. She had a thirst for knowledge and her love for learning and books was intense. It is quite amazing how she could lead a productive and purposeful life with all her handicaps.

Another important theme of the autobiography is the message that even the blind and the deaf can lead a wholesome, purposeful and exciting life. Helen Keller set an example for all the physically challenged, especially the deaf and the dumb. She became the first blind and deaf to earn a bachelor degree. She enjoyed reading Shakespeare, Dickens and had good grounding in Greek and Latin. She read almost all the leading French and German writers. She loved swimming, sailing, canoeing, visiting mountains and beaches. She had an inner eye that could feel the beautiful sights, sounds, inner and smells of Nature. She loved the company of the famous and great personalities of her times such as Alexander Graham Bell and Mark Twain.

Helen Keller’s famous autobiography ‘The Story of My Life’ explores the challenges she faced as a deaf and dumb child and her struggles of communicating with the world. The autobiography was dedicated to Alexander Graham Bell. He had taken a personal interest in Helen’s blindness and deafness. Helen Keller also shows her gratitude to her wonderful teacher Miss Sullivan. Helen Keller was born on a plantation in Tuscumbia, Alabama, on June 27, 1880 to Captain Keller. She contracted an illness which left her deaf and blind. By the age of seven, Helen had over sixty home signs to communicate with her family. In 1886, Helen Keller’s mother sent her to Dr. Chisolm and Graham Bell. Bell advised her parents to contact Perkins Institute for the Blind. The advent of Miss Sullivan was the most important event in her life. Anne Sullivan arrived in Keller’s house in March, 1887. She immediately began to teach Helen to communicate by spelling words into her hand. Gradually, she learnt from Miss Sullivan the names of all the familiar objects in her world.

The autobiography describes graphically Helen’s herculean efforts to get an education. She entered The Cambridge School for Young Ladies before gaining admittance to Radcliffe College in 1990. She graduated from Radcliffe at the age of 24, in 1904. She was the first person to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree. One of Keller’s earliest pieces of writing was ‘The Frost King’ (1891) at the age of eleven. There were allegations that the story had been plagiarised from Margaret Canby’s ‘The Frost Fairies’. At the age of 22, Keller published ‘The Story of My Life (1903), written during her time in college. Keller depended on books for pleasure and wisdom. She started with ‘Little Lord Fauntleroy’. She went on to read ‘‘Greek Heroes’’, La Fontaine’s ‘‘Fables’’, Howthorne’s ‘‘Wonder Book’’, ‘‘Bible Stories’’, Lamb’s Tales from Shakespeare, ‘‘The Arabian Nights’’ and ‘‘Robinson Crusoe. In ‘The Story of My Life’ Helen also writes about her pleasures and amusements. Swimming, rowing, canoeing on moonlight nights and sailing were her favourite amusements. Helen Keller had a sixth sense - ‘a soul sense’ which could see, hear, feel all in one. She loved to visit museums and art stores. Music and theatre thrilled her. In the end, the autobiography describes the important persons whom she valued more than anything else in life. They were Bishop Brooks, Henry Drummond, Dr. Everett Hale, Dr. Alexander Graham Bell, Mrs. Hutton, Dean Howell’s and of course, Mark Twain. These were the persons and friends who had made the story of her life. They turned her limitations into beautiful privileges and achievements.

Helen Keller was born on a plantation in Tuscumbia, Alabama on June 27, 1880 to Captain Arthur Keller. Her father was a former officer of the Confederate Army. Helen was the first baby in the family. The happy days didn’t last long. In the month of February came the illness that closed her eyes and ears. Except for some fleeting memories, all seemed like a nightmare. But during the first nineteen months of her life she had caught faint glimpses of green fields, sky, trees and flowers. The darkness that followed could not wholly blot them out. Her hands started feeling every object and observed every motion. She started making crude signs to communicate with others. A shake of head meant ‘‘No’’ and a nod, meant ‘‘Yes’’. A push meant ‘‘Go’’ and a pull meant ‘‘Come’’. At five, she learned and understood a good deal of what was going on about her. She could fold her clothes and wear them. She began to realise that she was different from other people. Her mother and friends didn’t use signs as she did but talked with their mouths. In those days, a little coloured girl, Martha, the daughter of her cook understood her signs. They spent a great deal of time kneading dough balls and feeding the hens and turkeys. Belle, her dog was her other companion. The family consisted of her father and mother, two older half-brothers, and afterwards, a little sister, Mildred. For a long time she regarded her sister an intruder as she had ceased to be her mother’s only darling.

Helen’s desire to express herself grew. Her failures to make herself understood was followed by outbursts of passion. Her mother’s only ray of hope came from Dickens’s ‘‘American Notes’’. She had read an account of Laura Bridgman who had been educated instead of being deaf and blind. At the age of six, Dr. Alexander Graham Bell advised her father to contact Mr. Anagnos, the director of the Perkins Institute for the Blind in Boston. Within a few weeks Mr. Anagnos gave a comforting assurance that a teacher, Miss Sullivan had been found to teach Helen. Naturally, the most important day in all her life was the one on which her teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan came. It was the third of March, 1887. And ‘the light of love shone’ on her in that very hour.

Value Points :

Instructor in Cambridge, prepares Helen for exam in Radcliffe, his knowledge helped her to do the work easily, kept Helen’s mind alert and eager to learn clearly and logically, never taught her how to write an exam.

Detailed Answer :

Mr. Merton S. Keith was an instructor in Cambridge. He came out to Wrentham twice a week and taught Algebra, Geometry, Greek and Latin to Helen Keller. He prepared Helen for her exams for Radcliffe. He gave Helen lessons for five times a week, for periods of about an hour. His knowledge helped her to do the work easily. Whenever there was anything, which Helen did not understand, he explained it each time. He used to assign her new work and took pains to correct the work the Greek exercises, which she used to write on her typewriter. This helped her work faster. He made mathematics; the subject which she liked the least, interesting. He kept her mind alert and eager and trained it to reason also. He taught her to reach the conclusions calmly and logically and not by jumping mildly into nowhere. He was gentle towards her. But there was one thing which put Helen into trouble. He had relied too much on Helen’s mental ability to solve the problems and never taught her to write examination papers. With the result, she faced problems while appearing for the examination. 

Correct option is (d) Chief Justice of India

Sir Sayyad Ahmad Khan

1. Savitribai Phule, wife of Mahatma Phule, advocated women’s education along with him. 

2. She supported her husband in his efforts to start first school for girls at Bhide Wada in Pune. 

3. She continued her work in the field of education though she faced severe criticism from the society. 

4. She put great efforts in women reform movement which resulted in putting an end to many unjust practices.