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The Prime Minister of India, as addressed to in the Constitution of India, is the chief of government, chief adviser to the President of India, head of the Council of Ministers and the leader of the majority party in the parliament. The prime minister leads the executive branch of the Government of India.

During the Middle Ages trade between Europe and India and South-East Asia was carried on along several routes. They wanted to break the Arab and Venetian trade monopolies, bypass Turkish hostility, and open direct trade relations with the East.

The coins are issued for circulation only through theReserve Bankin terms of theRBI Act. Coins in India are presently being issued in denominations of 10 paise, 20 paise, 25 paise, 50 paise, one rupee, two rupees and five rupees.

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There was little trade between India and Europe in the Middle Ages - and it was indirect - the rise of Islam meaning that the direct sea connection via the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean being rather difficult for Christian Europeans (to put the matter mildly).

There was some important trade in the early middle ages between India and Scandinavia (via what is now Russia) with steel to be made into some famous Viking swords coming from India, but the rise of the nomad tribes on the steppe largely ended this trade. Crucible steel was not seen in Europe again for centuries.

1.Ever rising religious hostilities between Hindus and Muslims:Communal discord was known in the medieval period. However the frequency, magnitude and intensity of disturbance/riots grew alarmingly in the last decade of British rule.The rise and growth of communal politics was the basis for mobilizing people against the other community and it usually culminated into Communal discord.

Hindus made up about two-thirds of the 400 million populations, and the rest were mostly Muslims.Muslim leader like M.A. Jinnah succeeded in influencing majority of the Muslims and generated a fear that an independent India would be dominated by Hindus. Jinnah, demanded a separate Muslim State of Pakistan, and adopted the slogan ‘Pakistan or Perish’.2.Provincial Elections (1937):After phenomenal success of Indian National Congress in the 1937 elections the communal parties felt insecure about their mass base and played the communal card and generated fear amongst its community and capitalized upon the events that took place.3.Compromise attempts failed:One to one talk to arrive at a compromise was taken up by nationalist leaders like Gandhiji.Apart from this attempt to draw up a compromise solution acceptable to both Hindus and Muslims was made by government.

All such attempts failed because of obstinate and unyielding approach of Jinnah. The British proposed a federal scheme in which the central government would have only limited powers, while those of the provincial governments would be much greater.This would enable provinces with a Muslim majority to control their own affairs and there would be no need for a separate State. Both sides accepted the idea in principle but failed to agree on the details.4.Violence broke out in August 1946:This happened when the Viceroy Lord Wavell, invited the Congress, to form an interim government, still hoping that details could be worked out later.Nehru formed a cabinet, which included two Muslims, but Jinnah was convinced that the Hindus could not be trusted to treat the Muslims fairly.5.Mountbatten decides on partition:British government announced early in 1947 that they would leave India no later than June 1948.Louis Mountbatten was sent as the new Viceroy, and he soon decided that partition was the only way to avoid civil war.He realized that there would probably be bloodshed whatever solution was tried, but felt that partition would produce less violence than if Britain tried to insist on the Muslims remaining part of India.Within a short time Mountbatten had worked out a plan for dividing the country up and for the British withdrawal.This was accepted by Nehru and Jinnah, although Gandhjii, was still hoping for a united India. Afraid that delay would cause more violence, Mountbatten brought the date for British withdrawal forward to August 1947.

Famously known Battle of Waterloo

Biotic resources are obtained from the biosphere (living and organic material), such asforestsand animals, and the materials that can be obtained from them.Fossil fuelssuch ascoalandpetroleumare also included in this category because they are formed from decayed organic matter.

1.Defended France from Britain, Ottoman Empire, Austria, and Russia

2.He established the Bank of France to organize the country’s economy

3.Strong, stable military

4.He fought 60 battles in his career but only lost a total of 7.

5.He was extremely caring about his troops because he believed that “an army that marches on its stomach” and therefore kept them well fed.

6.Instituted the Napoleonic code which forbade privileges based on birth, allowed religious tolerance, and that government positions should be qualified – this is the basis of the French Law today.

7.Napoleon increased the collection in Louvre and preserved it during the war which now is a center for French historical items.

8.Napoleon ended schism in religion and restored the Catholic Church to France by the Concordat.

9.The Napoleonic Code assured equality in law and the balance of power between the aristocracy and the poor.

10.He built schools such as the Imperial University to ensure education.

11.He had a great persona with extreme charisma. He brought courage with his confidence in his soldiers in the battlefield and was favored because he usually led them to victory. He believed that “moral force, rather than numbers, decides victory.”

12.His main goal was “to reunite all, reconcile all, have all hatreds forgotten, bring everyone together, gather together so many divergent elements and compose them anew in one whole [and] one France”

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Biotic resources are obtained from the biosphere (living and organic material), such asforestsand animals, and the materials that can be obtained from them.Fossil fuelssuch ascoalandpetroleumare also included in this category because they are formed from decayed organic matter.

Biotic Resources: The resources which are obtained from the biosphere and have life are called Biotic Resources. For example, animals and plants including human beings.

Abiotic Resources: The resources which are composed of non-living things are called Abiotic Resources. For example, water, minerals, metals, wind, solar energy etc.

Napoléon Bonaparte was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.

He was Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814 and again briefly in 1815 during the Hundred Days.

Nepolian bonaport was the leader of military who rose during Russian Revolution

1) Napoleon considerably increased central control over local government. The elected official like Prefect, sub-prefects and Mayor, who were in charge of various units were directly placed under the Central Government. This resulted in resolution of order even though it undermined the self-government in the country.

2) He appointed a Legion of Honour consisting of 6000 members. These members were appointed on the basis of their of merit and generally only those persons who had served the nation or society were made its members. He also took a decision to return the property of the Nobles and Clergy which had been taken from them during the period of revolution.

3) Napoleon centralized the government, putting control firmly in the hands of the national government. It became more efficient. Advancement in civil services and the military was based on merit rather than rank. The tax system was applied equally to all.

4) In 1804, Napoleon took on the legal system of France. The system of laws was in a state of chaos. Laws were not codified and were based on Roman law, ancient customs or monarchial paternalism.During the time of revolution, many laws were changed. It was difficult to determine what law applied in any given situation, and laws were not equally applied to everyone. The laws were codified and written clearly so that the people could understand them and determine what law applied in which situation.

5) Napoleon built many schools for boys of age 10 to 16. He recognized the importance of education in producing citizens capable of filling positions in his bureaucracy and military. His education policy was based on three principles. These three principles were loyalty to the crown, faith in the Christianity and dutiful attitude towards the rules of the department of education. He also set up institutions for higher education and technical education. He set up a university in 1808 for the maintenance of universal standards of education in the country.

6) Napoleon tried to improve the economic condition of France. He established the Bank of France, which greatly facilitated trade and commerce. He also tried to check the evils like black marketing, speculation, profiteering and punished economic offenders very severely.

Throughout the years of 1806 – 1814, a number of factors coalesced to result in Napoleon's downfall. Significant causes of his downfall included the Continental Blockade, the Peninsular War, the Russian Campaign, and the direct role of Britain. Arguably, Britain's role in the Continental Blockade was the main reason for why Napoleon fell from power, offsetting consequences which include Napoleon's failed Spanish and Russian campaigns.The Continental Blockade was an attempt made by Napoleon in order to suffocate the British economy. Following on from a major naval defeat at the Battle of Trafalgar, the French navy had been decimated. Napoleon recognised that he could not launch a direct attack against Britain just as he had done so in the past with the neighbouring European countries, such as modern day Belgium. Subsequently, Napoleon instead adopted a new strategy and aimed to wage an economic war on Britain instead. Napoleon was aware that the majority of British trade was fed into mainland Europe, hence in 1806, he issued the Berlin Decrees in which he declared that the French empire would no longer trade with Britain. However, in order to combat this, Britain began trading with neutral countries which prompted Napoleon to launch the Milan Decrees of 1807 which extended the blockade to include the aforementioned neutral countries. Napoleon had aimed to stall the British economy, attempting to lead it into an economic depression by cutting off its trade links with mainland Europe. However, the system was a failure as Portugal, a longstanding ally of Britain, continued to smuggle in British goods. Moreover, Napoleon's Continental Blockade resulted in the value of British goods to rise significantly and therefore attempts to cripple the British economy were rendered useless. Additionally, with countries like Portugal undermining Napoleon's authority, there was a shift in the power Napoleon was able to extend over Europe which further contributed to his downfall. The blockade led to consequences such as the Peninsular War and the Russian Campaign which in turn led to the severe loss of men and materiel – all a result of Napoleon's enforcement of the Continental Blockade. The blockade certainly proved to be the first step towards Napoleon's downfall as it was the foundation of poor decisions and severe underestimation of the extent of his future campaigns. Had Britain not been the results of the system, such results could have been avoided. Therefore, the role Britain played within the Continental Blockade was the key factor in Napoleon's downfall.

because 2020 is divide by 4 it is the right answer

because it is divisible by 4 is the correct answer of the given

In this year February will become of 29 daysand second proof it is (2020) divided by 4.

2020is divided by 4 that's why it's leap year

because it is divisible by 4 .

plz like my answer

because it is divisible by 4

Because it is divisible by 4

Hence, according to the rules set forth in the Gregorian calendarleap yearshave occurred or will occur during the followingyears: ... Bottom line: 2019 isn't aleap year, because it isn't evenly divisible by 4. The nextleap daywill be added to the calendar on February 29,2020.

First,Napoleon'ssuccess directly correlates to the French Revolution because such a political climate enabledNapoleon, despite his modest upbringing, to become an Emperor. ... In 1799,Napoleonand his supporters overthrew the Directory Government of France, thus officially markingNapoleon'sreignn 1799 Napoleon became the first council after overthrowing the role of directory. He acquired numerous powers and even opted for a plebiscite in which 99.9 % people voted for his new administrative system. He not only conquered new areas but also made peace treaties with the enemies. All this proves that he was an able administrator. He implemented many reforms from 1799 till 1804 which are given as follows : 1.He stopped inflation through the financial reforms.

2. He established the Bank of France.

3. He resolve the long time confrontation with the Pope which was started with the confiscation of Church’s property in 1789. He event declared Catholic religion as a religion of the majority of French people.

Biotic Resources:-A type of naturalresourcederived from the biosphere as opposed toabiotic resourcefrom non-living things. Supplement. Examples ofbiotic resourcesare forests, animals, birds, fish, and marine organisms.

kindly ask ques. and nothing irrelevant

India compete with China and Sri Lanka for its export of tea.

The Battle of Waterloo, which took place in Belgium onJune 18, 1815, marked the final defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte, who conquered much of Europe in the early19th century.

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First, a bill must pass both houses of Congress by a majority vote. After it has passed out of Congress, it is sent along tothe President. Ifthe Presidentsigns the bill, it becomes law.

Governments provide public services such as police services and roads to the public. The government also pays the salaries of civil servants. The public does not pay directly for these goods and services or for the time of public servants when they visit government offices, but indirectly be means of taxation. The government must therefore regularly decide how much to spend, what to spend it on and how to finance its expenditure. This is the reason why we pay taxes.We all want government services such as better education, more policing and better roads. All these things cost money.The government is faced by continuous demands to increase its expenditure as people want more goods and services from the government. These demands include free houses and free basic services such as electricity and water. The provision of these services to the needy, paid for by means of taxes raised from the more fortunate, amounts to a large redistribution of income from the payers to the recipients.

Competition from imported goods has benefitted people in India in the following ways

(a)Indian producers have improved their technology and quality to compete with foreign goods. This has benefitted the buyers of the goods as well as the producers, who can now compete in the world market.

(b)Prices of Indian goods have reduced to match those of foreign goods and so buyers of these items have benefitted.

(c)Some Indian companies have entered into collaboration with the foreign companies and some MNCs have invested in Indian companies, thus benefiting both.

Forest gives us various thing:

1. Forest give us oxygen.2. They provide us woods.3. They provide us fruits and vegetables.4. Helps tribal people in living.

1)Environment is saved.2)Wild lives are saved. 3)rainfall is regular

4)Climates become moderate. 5) Forest products are easily available.6)Maintence of oxygen level.7)fertility of soil. 8)floodcis under control. 9) good place of pilgrim 10) aesthetic value

The income effect is the change in consumption patterns due to the change in purchasing power. This can occur from income increases, price changes, or even currency fluctuations.

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Grid :

A network of latitudes and longitudes is called grid.

Uses or grid helps us :

● with the help of the grid we can locate locate places.

● we can learn much about the places.

● we can know how hot or cold it would be in a place.

● we can know in which direction we should go to reach a particular place.

● we can know what is the time in a place at any moment.

breadth=area/length=40/16=2.5cm is the best answer

Length = 16 cmperimeter= 40cmbreadth = perimeter- length = 40 - 16 = 24cm

24 cm is a right answer

24 cm is a right answer

length=16cmperimeter=40cmbreath=40cm-16cm=24cm.

24 is the correct answer

Length= 16cmPerimeter= 40cmBreadth= perimeter-length =40-16 =24 cm answer.

40-1624 is correct answer

Vapor pressure or equilibrium vapor pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases at a given temperature in a closed system. The equilibrium vapor pressure is an indication of a liquid's evaporation rate.

Water vapor,water vapouror aqueousvaporis the gaseous phase ofwater. It is one state ofwaterwithin the hydrosphere.Water vaporcan be produced from the evaporation or boiling of liquidwateror from the sublimation of ice. Unlike other forms ofwater,water vaporis invisible

The gasious form of water is water vapor.

Water vapor,water vapouror aqueousvaporis the gaseous phase ofwater. It is one state ofwaterwithin the hydrosphere.Water vaporcan be produced from the evaporation or boiling of liquidwateror from the sublimation of ice.

perimeter = AB + BC + CD + DA = 10+40+10+40 = 100 cm

It is called internal migration, it is the movement of people across regions and territories. Migration can be internal (within the country) or international (between the countries). Internal migration does not change the size of the population but influences the distribution of population within the nation. Migration plays a very significant role in changing the composition and distribution of a population.

The Civil Disobedience Movement was one of the most significant movements launched by Mahatma Gandhi in the course of India’s freedom struggle.

There were three main causes of the civil disobedience movement:

Formation of the Simon Commision

Demand for Dominion Status

Protests against the arrest of social revolutionaries

(i) Rich peasants were hard hit by the trade depression and falling prices, whereas poor peasants' cash income dwindled and they could not pay their rents.

(ii) Refusal of the government to reduce the revenue demand led to widespread resentment, whereas poor peasants wanted the unpaid rent to the landlords to be remitted.

(iii) For rich peasants, fight for Swaraj was a struggle against high revenues and for poor peasants, their 'no rent' campaign.

(iv) Rich peasants were disappointed since revenue was not reduced and poor peasants were disappointed with the Congress as they were unwilling to support them.

Smoke from chimneys of factories.

The British Government in India had deprived the Indian people of their freedom. It had based itself on the exploitation of masses.The British Government had ruined India economically, politically culturally and spiritually.The people of India believed it to be a crime against man and god to submit any longer to a rule that has caused irreparable harm to Indian economy and its social fabric.The Congress, therefore, declared the attainment of complete independence as its aim in the Congress Session held at Lahore and decided to launch Civil Disobedience Movement under the leadership of Gandhiji.

The British Government in India had deprived the Indian people of their freedom. It had based itself on the exploitation of masses,The British Government had ruined India economically, politically culturally and spiritually.The people of India believed it to be a crime against man and god to submit any longer to a rule that has caused irreparable harm to Indian economy and its social fabric.The Congress, therefore, declared the attainment of complete independence as its aim in the Congress Session held at Lahore and decided to launch Civil Disobedience Movement under the leadership of Gandhiji.

Gandhiji launched the Civil Disobedience Movement for the following reasons -

1. The demand for purna swaraj i.e. full independence was formalised during the Lahore Congress Session. 26 January 1930 was also declared as the Independence Day. However, such celebrations for freedom came with very little participation. Gandhiji was therefore forced to find an abstract idea of freedom in order to mobilise the masses and increase their levels of participation.

2. The idea of Civil Disobedience was mainly focused on problems and issues that people faced in their everyday life. He therefore identified these problems alike in order to bring different classes of people and communities - the rich as well as the poor under a united campaign against the British.

3. The idea of not cooperating in the non-cooperation movement was indeed felt to be incomplete because the British, through its laws, acted as an oppressive force. For example - the laws relating to restricted forests or the salt tax etc. Gandhiji thus not only proclaimed 'non-cooperation but also violation of British laws in order to break the foundations of the British government in India.

Civil Disobedience movement(1930-1934) had 2 phases. One before Gandhi-Irwin Pact and second after 2nd RTC. Because of signing of Gandhi Irwin pact, Gandhi agreed to discontinue civil disobedient movement. After that gandhi went on to attend 2nd RTC but returned disappointed. By this time viceroy of India was changed and He was arrested soon after he reached India along with other major leaders. The communal awards were announced. He was shocked by the reality of Dalits and their presentation by Dr. Ambedkar. So he decided to quit the active politics & work for the upliftment of Harijans. He launched Individual civil disobedience on August 1, 1933. Civil Disobedience movement continued till April 1934 when Gandhi formally withdrawn it.

RTC refers to Round Table Conference

He declared resistance to British salt policies to be the unifying theme for his new campaign of satyagraha, or masscivil disobedience. ... Reasons forlaunching Civil Disobedience Movementby theCongress: The British Government in Indiahaddeprived the Indian people of their freedom.

because the british gov. had ruines the india economically, politically, culturally and spiritually

Human needsaresatisfiedby nature: Soil (land) provide them food, clothing, shelter e.g:bricks , plants, trees , cotton etc. Animals provide them food, clothing and many other things.

ApoliticalmovementinBritishIndiathatencourageddomesticproductionandtheboycottofforeign,especiallyBritish,goodsas asteptowardhomerule.

The Swadeshi movement, part of the Indian independence movement and the developing Indian nationalism, was an economic strategy aimed at removing the British Empire from power and improving economic conditions in India by following the principles of swadeshi which had some success.

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The two factors on which the growth of vegetation mostly depends are—temperatureandmoisture.

The two factors on which the growth of vegetation mostly depends are— temperature and moisture.

A movement for national independence in India boycotting foreign goods and encouraging the use of domestic products.