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APPROXIMATE atomic mass of metal =

6.4 / specific HEAT = 6.4 / 0.115 = 55.65

In 100 g of metal oxide, weight of metal = 77.28 g

Weight of Oxygen = 22.22 g

w1 / w2 = E1 / E2

Equivalent weight of Oxygen = 8

Equivalent weight of metal = 77.28 / 22.22 × 8
= 27.82

VALENCY of metal = approximate atomic weight / equivalent weight
= 55.62 / 27.82
= 2

Hence, the valency of metal is 2.

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The COLOUR CHANGE in 3 different indicators in presence of HCL gas, is MENTIONED below:-
a) Greenish
b) Reddish
c) Bluish

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STOICHIOMETRIC COFFECIENTS:

In general a reaction between reacting substances is DESCRIBED by balance equation:

aA + bB ---> cC + dD

In the above equation, A and B are reactants and C and D are products.

A balanced chemical equation is also called stoichiometric equation.

The coffecients a, b, c and d are called stoichiometric coefficients or mole coefficients of the substances.
These coffecients give the idea of the quantities of the substances consumed and also the substances PRODUCED in a chemical reaction.

This area of study is known as 'stoichiometry' , a name derived from Greek word which MEANS measure of element .

A balanced chemical equation PROVIDES the following information:

(a) The reactants and products involved in the chemical change.
(b) The relative number of moles or MOLECULES of the reactants and products.
(c) The relative number of parts of mass of the reactants and products.
(d) The relative volumes of gaseous reactants and products.

The quantitative relationship existing between the quantities of the reactants and the products in a chemical reaction is known as stoichiometry.

Chemical reactions are represented in a concise way, by chemical equations, using formula of the reactants and products. The mole coffecients must be kept in mind in calculations based on the equation. The exact quantities of reactants and of products those appear in the balanced chemical equation are known as stoichiometric quantities.

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During the process of MICRO electro chemical machining (Micro ECM) of METALLIC alloys, insoluble electrolytic products RESTRICT the depth of micro HOLES with high ASPECT ratio.

The compound is LEAD NITRATE
ur EQUATION is in the pic
the yellow substance is lead monoxide
and the BROWN FUMES are of nitrogen dioxide

Chemistry is the branch of science which deals with the Chemicals and its REACTION to beneficial for mankind its use in day to day life in various sectors from 4 to cloth LIVING it's found in every single thing we use Dettol Afghanistan the chemical properties and many more thank you very much

It is MAINLY composed of METHANE with some CARBON dioxide and other TRACE GASES.

It TURNS CHANGES to PURPLE

Major PROBLEM is air and water POLLUTION also chemical waste AFFECT LIVE of fish

IThe polar molecules POSSESS the permanent DIPOLE moments CAUSED by slight charge separation in the molecule.
In the case of non-polar molecules, the INDUCED electric dipoles are created by an APPLIED electric field causing the slight separation of positive and negative charges in the molecules.

Acetic acid is weak electrolyte than HCl and NACL which is strong electrolyte. ... CALCULATE the potential of hydrogen ELECTRODE in contact with a solution whose pH is 10. ... Consult the table of standard electrode potentials and SUGGEST three substance that can oxidize ferrous ions under ...

When milk is KEPT for a long time,a bacteria named lactobaccilus grows in milk.These bacteria converts lactose present in the milk into lactic acid. Due to lactic acid formation,the milk becomes sour.
If boiled milk is kept out in room temperature for more than 4 to 5 hours it gets SPOILED. This is because even if milk is pasteurised or boiled,many bacteria spores donot die. They survive and come out when the temp is good enough for survival.Two bacteria groups by the names lactobaccilus and lactococci are the common culprits.

They change milk sugar lactose into glucose and galactose. During this process lactic acid is produced. Lactic acid produces casein which curdles milk and spoils milk.

Spoiled milk smells sour and immediately curdles when warmed. It should be discarded. This is different in properties and taste from the voluntary curdling of milk by the addition of SOURING agents for curdling milk to get paneer and cheese. The common souring agents are lime JUICE, LEMON juice and vinegar.

I HOPE it is CARBON FIBER or KEVLAR

6.023*10^23 ATOM are PRESENT in our UNIVERSE

Bbxbbxbxndnndsnsnnsnsnnsns

As a PRECAUTION against drawing AIR into the BOD BOTTLE during the 5-day incubation, you must have a water tight seal.

Having a water tight seal will prevent the following:

Possible contamination

A change in the volume of solution in the bottle

The bottle stopper from becoming stuck

The general formula for calculating stereoisomer is: 2n, where n is the number of chial centers.

A COUPLE of things to keep in mind:
1. STEREOISOMERS are compounds with the same CHEMICAL formula but different spatial arrangement.

2. And chiral centers are carbons that are bonded to 4 different groups.

For EXAMPLE, if we use glucose as our starting compound, the number of chiral carbons that a glucose molecule possesses is 4.
Out of the 6 carbons, the 4 carbons in the middle are chiral. That is to say, the four carbons in the middle are bonded to 4 different groups. If we think about it, the OH groups on each of the four carbons can be either on the left or the right side of the carbon (for Fischer projected images). Thus, since each of the 4 OH groups have two possible sides, the number of stereoisomers is 24, or 16.

 

This is the simplest formula.

But cannot be used in cases of molecular symmetry.

All formulas are stated below:-

a) When the molecule is unsymmetrical and contains ''n '' chiral carbon atoms, Total no. of stereoisomers = 2n


b) When the molecule is unsymmetrical and has even number of stereogenic centres or chiral carbon atoms,

Total no. of stereoisomers = No. of optical isomers + No. of meso forms = 2(n-1) + 2(n/2-1)


c) When the molecule is symmetrical and has odd no. of stereogenic centres

Total no. of stereoisomers = [ 2(n-1)-2(n/2-1/2)] + 2(n/2-1/2)]The formula for determining the number of stereoisomers is as follows:

a) When the molecule is unsymmetrical and contains ''n '' chiral carbon atoms, Total no. of stereoisomers = 2n


b) When the molecule is unsymmetrical and has even number of stereogenic centres or chiral carbon atoms,

Total no. of stereoisomers = No. of optical isomers + No. of meso forms = 2(n-1) + 2(n/2-1)


c) When the molecule is symmetrical and has odd no. of stereogenic centres

Total no. of stereoisomers = [ 2(n-1)-2(n/2-1/2)] + 2(n/2-1/2)]

Symbol:The LETTER or letters which are USED to represent a CHEMICAL element. A symbol is not merely used as a SIGN of a chemical element but it also denotes one ATOM of that element.

The Rosenmund reduction is a hydrogenation process in which an acyl chloride is selectively reduced to an aldehyde. The reaction was named after Karl Wilhelm Rosenmund, who first reported it in 1918.

Rosenmund reductionNamed afterKarl Wilhelm RosenmundReaction typeOrganic redox reactionIdentifiersOrganic Chemistry Portalrosenmund-reductionRSC ontology IDRXNO:0000136



The reaction, a hydrogenolysis, is catalysed by palladium on barium sulfate, which is sometimes called the Rosenmund catalyst. Barium sulfate has a low surface area which reduces the activity of the palladium, preventing over-reduction. However, for certain REACTIVE acyl chlorides the activity must be reduced further, by the addition of a poison. Originally this was thioquinanthrene although THIOUREA has also been used. Deactivation is required because the system must reduce the acyl chloride but not the subsequent aldehyde. If further reduction does take place it will create a primary alcohol which WOULD then react with the remaining acyl chloride to form an ester.

Rosenmund catalyst can be prepared by reduction of palladium(II) chloride solution in the presence of BaSO4. Typical reducing agent is formaldehyde.


Reimer–Tiemann reaction

The Reimer–Tiemann reaction is a chemical reaction used for the ortho-formylation of phenols;[1][2][3][4][5] with the SIMPLEST example being the conversion of phenol to salicylaldehyde. The reaction was discovered by Karl Reimer (de)[6] and Ferdinand Tiemann. The Reimer in question was Karl Reimer (1845-1883) not the less known Carl Ludwig Reimer (1856-1921).[7]

Reimer TiemannNamed afterKarl Reimer
Ferdinand TiemannReaction typeSubstitution reactionIdentifiersRSC ontology IDRXNO:0000072


Reaction mechanism



The mechanism of the Reimer-Tiemann reaction

Chloroform (1) is deprotonated by a strong base (normally hydroxide) to form the chloroform carbanion (2) which will quickly alpha-eliminate to give dichlorocarbene (3); this is the principal reactive species. The hydroxide will also deprotonate the phenol (4) to give a negatively charged phenoxide (5). The negative charge is delocalised into the aromatic ring, making it far more nucleophilic. Nucleophilic attack of the dichlorocarbene gives an intermediate dichloromethyl substituted phenol (7). After basic hydrolysis, the desired product (9) is formed.[8]


for this the photo in upward

Definition of SOLUBILITY PRODUCT, K. ... A substance's solubility product, Ksp, is the mathematical product of its DISSOLVED ion concentrations raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients. Solubility products are RELEVANT when a sparingly soluble ionic compound releases ions into solution.

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In our country...(India)
Jharkhand is the largest producer of coal followed by Orissa and MANY OTHERS...

In the world...
CHINA is the largest producer of coal.
The country produced about 3.6 billion tonnes of coal.

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Effective atomic number, number that represents the total number of electrons surrounding the nucleus of a METAL atom in a metal complex. It is composed of the metal atom’s electrons and the bonding electrons from the surrounding electron-donating ATOMS and molecules.
The effective atomic number rule is often referred to as the “18-electron rule” since, if one COUNTS only valence electrons (6 for Co3+ and 2 × 6 = 12 for 6 NH3), the total number is 18.

It MEANS not VALID
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Raw MATERIALS. The TWO raw materials USED in the manufacture of PVC are sea water and oil. Salt derived from sea water is used to make chlorine GAS and petroleum oil is the original source for ethylene gas. Chlorine and ethylene are the two MAIN ingredients needed to make PVC.

Tertiary alcohols are more stable because of the THREE alkyl groups. 

First of all, the three alkyl groups prevent the tertiary alcohol from being oxidised because there's no HYDROGEN bonded to the carbon atom with hydroxyl GROUP, which means that no hydrogen will be lost from the alcohol. An EXPERIMENTAL evidence is that tertiary alcohols do not change the orange-looking potassium dichromate (VI) solution into a green solution on heating, but primary alcohols do.  

Secondly, nucleophilic substitutions on tertiary alcohols are very slow compared to that on primary alcohols, SINCE the three alkyl groups sterically prevent the attacking nucleophile from being bonded to the carbon atom. The experiment for this is that tertiary alcohols react with PCl5 or PI3 more slowly under reflux, compared with when primary alcohols react with these reagents.  

Chemical Names: POTASSIUM THIOSULFATE; 10294-66-3; Potassium Hyposulfite; Thiosulfuric ACID (H2S2O3), dipotassium SALT; Thiosulfuric Acid, Dipotassium Salt; DIPOTASSIUM HYPO

What is QUESTION .....

Matter is made up of SMALL INDIVISIBLE particles CALLED atoms