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ortionation is a type of a redox reaction in which a species is simultaneously reduced and oxidized forming two different products. undergoes disproportionation in PRESENCE of acidic medium. The reaction is as follows.MN has +7 oxidation state which is maximum oxidation state. So, can undergo REDUCTION only while has +6 oxidation state. Therefore, Mn undergoes oxidation as WELL as reduction.

itations of CHEMICAL EQUATION are as below:-• It should be in MOLECULAR form• It should be BALANCED.

compounds are SOLUBLE in water they must be dissociates into IONS and solubility of the compound depend upon the lattice energy and hydration energy of a central metal atom.All the given compounds are IONIC but these are insoluble in water because of the high value of lattice energy which exceeds the hydration energy of the central metal ion.

aa!!!!QUESTION:SOLUTE in a solvent dissolves faster in which FACTOR?A- temperature B- StiringC- Size of the solute ( powdered form of solute)Answer:C- Size of the solute ( powdered form of solute)thankaa!!!!!____☺️

n SOURCE of are:(i)        Complete combustion of fuels, carbon compounds and carbonates are PRODUCED carbon dioxide..The levels of reincreases by the auto exhaust process.Biological decay and releases from ocean are the two important process for the formation of .Sinks:Most important SINK of is ocean. It contains bulk of dissolved in the form of carbonates and bicarbonates and organic compounds.Another sink of is living green plants in which photosynthesis rate is accelerated with increase the level.Pollutant: is a colorless GAS with faint smell and weakly acidic taste in solution .The INCREASING level of can lead to increases the earth’s temperature.

cess of extracting a metal in pure form from its ORE is known as metallurgy. The process of treatment depends on upon the nature of the ore, impurities, and the metal. From the extraction point of view, the metals can be broadly classified into five categories. Category I :Highly electropositive metals such as alkali metals are extracted by the ELECTROLYTIC method from their molten/fused salts. Category II :Electropositive metals such as ALKALINE earth metals are extracted by electrolytic method form their molten salt. Category III : Reactive metals of high valency are extracted by reduction and electrolytic method. Catagory IV :Heavy metals such as Fe, Co, Ni , CU , etc . are extracted by roasting and reduction methods. Catagory V :Less reactive metals such as Ag, Au, Pt, etc. are extracted by amalgamation or cyanide process. The various process involved in the extraction of pure metals from their ores are : Concentration or Benefaction of the ore Extraction of crude metal from the concentrated ore Refining of the crude metal. A. Concentration or Benefaction of the Ore This is a very important in metallurgy. The ore is obtained from the earth and usually contain dust, stone, quartz, feldspar and other foreign materials.These impurities are known as gangue or matrix. The process of separation of gangue from ore is known as concentration. The important process of concentration is discussed below . Crushing and grinding of the ore Big lumps of ore are first broken into small pieces by the means of mechanical crusher or by hammering. The crushed ore is then ground in a ball mill or a roller mill or a stamp mill. The powdered ore is passed through sieves of the particular size and remains of the sieves are further pulverized in a ball mill or a stamp mill to get ultimately fine dust like powder of theor. Gravity separation or Levigation This method depends on the specific gravity of metallic ore and the earthy impurities. The powdered ore is washed with an upward stream of running water. The lighter gangue PARTICLES are washed away while the heavier ore particles settle down and are removed from the base. Generally, oxides like the tin stone (SnO2), haematite (Fe2O3) are concentrated by this method.

purple solution of the OXIDIZING agent KMnO4 is added to an alkene, the alkene is oxidized to a diol and the KMnO4 is converted to brown MnO2. ... The diol produced has TWO adjacent alcohol GROUPS. ALKANES and aromatic compounds do not react with potassium PERMANGANATE.

apour evopratation

ns flow from the anode to the CATHODE: left to right in the standard galvanic cell in the figure. The ELECTRODE in the left half-cell is the anode because oxidation occurs here. The name refers to the flow of anions in the SALT BRIDGE toward it.

→2Al2O3  4×27g AL REACTS with 3×32gO2 ∴27g Al reacts with 3×32×274×27 ⇒24gO2

is MADE up of TINY particles called atoms. Atoms are further made of three fundamental particles or sub – atomic particles called electron, PROTON and neutron. EARLIER Dalton POSTULATED that atom is indivisible i.e. cannot be further divided which proved to be wrong by discovery of sub – atomic particles.

ference Between UVA and UVB Rays. The sun emits two types of ULTRAVIOLET (UV) radiation that REACH our skin: ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB). ... All light rays, including UVA and UVB rays, have different wavelengths, measured in nanometers, or “nm” for short.

you can hardly look around you and not spot some item that is made entirely from plastic or has some plastic ingredient. This only proves that from its inception up to now plastic has managed to become popular building material of millions of useful items, but it is not perfect. Plastic has several disadvantages that prevent it from becoming universal building block of modern human civilization, and because of that many governments strictly control its USE and create complex law that govern its CREATION, recycling and environmental impact of waste plastic and chemicals that are used in its creation.Here are some of the biggest disadvantages of plastic:Durability – Plastic is light, moldable, sturdy, and can have countless forms, but one of the most known features is its durability. Plastic is artificially created polymer compound which can survive many centuries before nature is able to degrade it (some degrade into basic ingredients and some only divide into very small pieces). This troublesome ability of plastic doesn’t have great IMMEDIATE impact on our ENVIRONMENT, but its continuous dumping into seas and land will eventually create problems for future generations. Even with all this durability, plastic products are not indestructible and it cannot be used as a basic building block for everything we need.Environmental Harm – Ever increasing plastic production since 1950s managed to saturate world with waste plastic product that can cause big effects on our environment. Decomposing of plastic product can last from 400 to 1000 years with NEWER “degradable” compounds, but before that degradation can happen waste plastic will continue to clog our waterways, oceans, forests, and other natural habitats that are filled with animals who mistake dangerous plastic for food. Chemical dangers are also high, because both creation and recycling of plastic produce toxic materials of many kinds.

RIEND*~ ~* THE ANSWER OF YOUR QUESTION IS..*~ ✍✍✍✍✍✍✍✍________________________________________ 2,2-dimethyl BUTANE   HOPE IT WILL HELP YOU...........

irst TWO members of HOMOLOGOUS series having functional group - Cl are :- 1. CH₃Cl - Chloromethane 2. C₂H₅Cl - Chloroethane   These series have a DIFFERENCE of -CH₂-unit........

istry, an ionic compound is a chemical compound composed of ions held together by electrostatic FORCES termed ionic bonding. The compound is neutral overall, but consists of positively CHARGED ions CALLED CATIONS and negatively charged ions called anions.

ated, solid iodine sublimates and ENTERS the GAS phase. Iodine got its name from the GREEK WORD 'ἰοειδής', meaning 'purple'. Indeed, iodine VAPOR has a beautiful purple color. Regaining solid iodine from iodine vapor can be achieved by cooling down iodine vapor on a cold surface.

olute VALUE of INTERNAL ENERGY of a system cannot be determined. This is because internal energy it is the SUM of various types of energies of energies of a system which cannot be calculated. Wecan HOWEVER calculate the change ininternal energy as the system undergoes a process.

method could be to LET the solution cool on a glass beaker for a while. If the crystals are FORMED,then it is SATURATED otherwise it needs to be saturated.-----.>>>>ADD more NaCl in it if it DISSOLVE then solution is unsaturated if it does not dissolve then solution is saturated

no. = PROTON no. (MASS no. - proton no.) = NEUTRON no. do it!

n GAS is not evolved when a METAL reacts with Nitric Acid because Nitric Acid is a strong oxidising agent.It OXIDISES the H2 produced to WATER and itself gets reduced to any of the Nitrogen Oxides (NO, N2O, NO2)

temperature, the reaction of LIME with carbon dioxide is very slow. ... When lime is mixed with water, it forms CALCIUM HYDROXIDE, called slaked lime. CaO(s) + H2O(l)  Ca(OH)2(s) The reaction of calcium hydroxide with carbon dioxide is faster, producing a mortar that HARDENS more quickly.

these substances PRODUCE the VAPOUR by BURNING so it is GIVE flameplease MARK as brainlist

ller method, Moeller technique or WHIPPING technique is a percussive stroke method that combines a variety of techniques with the goal of improving hand speed, power, and CONTROL while offering the flexibility to add accented notes at will. The method has been perceived in the drumming community as a secret method. It is considered difficult to learn and no consensus has been reached as to what this technique actually consists of. It is named for drummer Sanford A. Moeller, as described in his book The Art of Snare Drumming, also called The Moeller Book.[1] It is BELIEVED that he described the method after observing drummers who had fought in the Civil War in the 19th century. He later taught the system to Jim Chapin in 1938 and 1939. Chapin worked to popularize this method until his death in 2009.

er REASON behind abundance of cationic molecular ions is due to ability to stabilize UNPAIRED ELECTRONS which makes the formation cationic molecular ions energetically less DEMANDING. ... That's why cationic molecular ions are most abundant than anionic ones.

s an element which conducts heat & electricity are hard, shiny, malleable, FUSIBLE, and ductile. Nonmetal is a substance that do not exhibit  PROPERTIES of metals such as hardness, luster, MALLEABILITY ,ductility and the ABILITY to CONDUCT electricity.

cal equilibrium is dynamic in nature which in other words MEANS that REACTIONS continue to occur in both FORWARD as WELL as backward direction with the same SPEED.

is the COMBINATION of ATOMS or RADICALS with other atoms or radicals to FORM a MOLECULE

rous and SULPHUR both have electrons that have entered the 3rd shell s, p, d orbitals. ... It is similar in Sulphur. Thus, elements from THIRD PERIOD onwards have MULTIPLE valency as they can form one number of bonds in non excited state and another number of bonds in excited state due to presence of d ORBITAL.

el is a clean-burning liquid fuel developed from renewable energy sources like vegetable oils and animal fats, which can be used to power vehicles in place diesel. Since biodiesel is produced in the United States, it is a fuel option that reduces our dependence on foreign oil. See the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) explanation of biodiesel. Pure biodiesel, referred to as B100, CONTAINS no petroleum. Other types of biodiesel are blended, such as B20, which is composed of 20% biodiesel blended with 80% petroleum diesel. B20 meets the Federal Energy Policy Act (EPAct) requirements. Many fleets across New England have been using B20 successfully, including the Cape Cod Transit authority, HARVARD University, City of Newton, and Otis Air Force base. Biodiesel offers several benefits: Greater lubricity, or smoothness, reduces friction and keeps pumps and injector equipment properly lubricated. This extends equipment life and adds lubricity back into the15 PPM ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD). Reduced emissions improve living and working environments. A 20% blend of biodiesel releases on average almost 45% fewer regulated exhaust emissions (or pollutants including fine particles (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide) than diesel. More effective burn at a higher TEMPERATURE, since it supplies its own oxygen , which facilitates combustion. Improved quality CONTROL due to established ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standard. The specification for B20 biodiesel is defined by ASTM D7467; B100 is ASTM D6751. It is not recommended to buy fuel from a biodiesel blender that cannot produce a specification sheet. Approved by many original equipment manufacturers (OEM's), such as: CUMMINS Caterpillar Ford Motor Company General Motors John Deere

ments scandium and yttrium are also known as the “RARE earths” because they were originally DISCOVERED together with the lanthanides in rare minerals and isolated as oxides, or “earths.” ... Yttrium, LANTHANUM, cerium, and neodymium are all more ABUNDANT than LEAD in the earth's crust.

emand for energy has only quite recently exceeded the relatively modest amounts available locally: wind and water power, wood or dung for heat. Since the mid-19th CENTURY, expansion in the large-scale exploitation of cheap, plentiful, concentrated energy sources — the fossil fuels — has outstripped global population growth (Figure 1). Figure 1 Population growth and global primary energy consumption from 1850 to 2000. When you consider that the global annual consumption of primary energy increased more than ten-fold during the 20th century, the importance of planning future energy supply becomes clear. This final chapter examines how future global energy consumption might develop from its current level, and summarises the main influences on that DEVELOPMENT, including economic, environmental and technological factors. Learning outcomes After studying this course, you should be able to: summarise the difficulties of forecasting energy demand assess the importance of political and economic issues, as WELL as geological and environmental factors, in determining trends in energy use outline some of the contrasting scenarios for energy supply in the twenty-first century, and discuss evolving technologies that could PLAY a part in future energy systems appreciate the environmental CONSEQUENCES of society’s current energy use, and the challenges of developing sustainable energy supply.

ecule, chlorine is CENTRAL atom.  The ELECTRONIC configuration of chlorine is . The chlorine atom has five electrons and also it have five electron pairs AMONG these three are bond pairs and TWO are lone pairs. It is a type molecule. In , nitrogen atom is central atom. The electronic configuration of fluorine is .   is type molecule and has Trigonal PYRAMIDAL shape.

hlorine atoms are attached to the central carbon atoms through a covalent BOND THEREFORE, is a covalent molecule. So, these are not dissociated into it’s ions.Therefore, does not form PRECIPITATE while reacting with .KCl is ionic molecule reacts with silver nitrate to form white coloured silver chloride precipitate.The chemical reaction between KCl and is as FOLLOWS.

triatomic molecule but the shape of the molecule is linear.The shape of the molecule and can be EXPLAINED by the VSEPR(Valency shell electron repulsion).In , the central element is Beryllium.Beryllium electronic CONFIGURATION is and Fluorine electronic configuration . Each fluorine atom requires only one electron to get octet electronic configuration. Therefore, two BOND pairs are repelled to each other resulting to give linear shape of the molecule.In , the central atom is oxygen electronic configuration is .The two electrons from two oxygen atoms are bond with two hydrogen atoms. The four electron pairs  LIES around central oxygen atom. Among these two are bonding pairs and two are lone pairs resulting molecule geometry tetrahedral and shape is bent. Angle is 104..

. The hydrogen bonds in deuterium oxide are slightly stronger than those in water. This is DUE to a quantum mechanical effect; the BONDING INTERACTION has a lower zero point ENERGY due to the greater mass of the deuterium ATOM

situation there is a correlation between viscosity and temperature change, but no direct cause-and-effect.The viscosity increases with the amount of SOLIDS (e.g., casein, WHEY, and fat globules) that are suspended within the LIQUID. In the case of milk and CREAM, the viscosity increases approximately in proportion with the fat content. The effects on viscosity depend only on how many particles there are in the milk, and how big they are, but not on the composition of those particles.