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Explanation:

An equivalent WEIGHT of a solution is defined as the molecular weight of the solute DIVIDED by the valence of the solute. Equivalent weight is used for predicting the mass of a substance that reacts with one ATOM of HYDROGEN in an acid-base analysis like in titration. ... Therefore, the molar mass of Na2CO3 is 106 g/mole.

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ANSWER:

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Answer:

Explanation:

weak acid (represented here as HA) is one in which the reaction

HA⇌A–+H+(13.3.1)

is incomplete. This means that if we add 1 mole of the PURE acid HA to water and make the total volume 1 L, the equilibrium concentration of the conjugate base A– will be smaller (OFTEN much smaller) than 1 M/L, while that of undissociated HA will be only slightly less than 1 M/L. Equation 13.3.1 tells us that dissociation of a weak acid HA in pure water yields identical concentrations of its conjugate species. Let us represent these concentrations by x. Then, in our "1 M " solution, the concentration of each species is as shown here:

eq3.1-2a.png(1-2)

When dealing with problems involving acids or bases, BEAR in mind that when we speak of "the concentration", we usually mean the nominal or analytical concentration which is commonly denoted by Ca. For example, for a solution made by combining 0.10 mol of pure formic acid HCOOH with sufficient water to make up a volume of 1.0 L, Ca = 0.10 M. However, we know that the concentration of the actual species [HCOOH] will be smaller the 0.10 M because some it ends up as the formate ion HCOO–. It will, of course, always be the case that the sum

[HCOOH]+[HCOO–]=Ca(13.3.2)

For the general case of an acid HA, we can write a mass balance equation

Ca=[HA]+[A–](13.3.3)

which reminds us the "A" PART of the acid must always be somewhere!

For a strong acid such as hydrochloric, its total dissociation means that [HCl] = 0, so the mass balance relationship in Equation 13.3.3 reduces to the trivial expression Ca = [Cl-]. Any acid for which [HA] > 0 is by definition a weak acid.

EXPLANATION:

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Answer:

Answer:- ⤵️

This example illustrates the law of MULTIPLE proportions: Whenever the same two elements form more than one compound, the different masses of one element that COMBINE with the same mass of the other element are in the ratio of small WHOLE numbers. Figure 1. Carbon can form two different compounds with oxygen.

Explanation:

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Explanation:

YES dru HCl can CHANGE the colour of a WET litmus paper

Answer:

Rutherford atomic model was the first step in the EVOLUTION of the modern atomic model. Ernest Rutherford was a keen scientist who worked to understand the distribution of electrons in an atom. He PERFORMED an experiment USING alpha particles and gold foil and made the following observations:

Most of the alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil.

There was a deflection of the alpha particles by a small angle.

Very small amount of alpha particles rebounded.

Rutherford's Experiment

From his experiment, he came to the following CONCLUSIONS:

Most of the space in an atom is empty.

The space OCCUPIED by the positive charges is very small.

The positive charges and mass of the atom were concentrated in a very small volume within an atom.

From these conclusions, he calculated that the radius of the nucleus is around 105 times less than that of the atom.

Rutherford Atomic Model

Rutherford developed a nuclear model of the atom on the basis of his experiment and observations. The Rutherford atomic model has the following features:

The centre of an atom is called the nucleus. It is positively charged and almost all mass of the atom resides in it.

Electrons spin around the nucleus in a circular path.

Comparatively, the size of the nucleus is smaller than the size of the atom.

Rutherford Atomic Model

Drawbacks of Rutherford Atomic Model

As before, the Rutherford atomic model was also challenged and questioned by many. Rutherford atomic model failed to explain about the stability of electrons in a circular path.

A CONSTITUTION is an AGGREGATE of fundamental principles or ESTABLISHED precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, ORGANISATION or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed.

ANSWER:

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Explanation:

OXIDATION-reduction reaction, ALSO CALLED redox reaction, any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a participating chemical species CHANGES.

Answer:

STOCK NOTATIONS: The method of REPRESENTING oxidation number of a metal by Roman numerals I, II, III etc. within the parantheses is known as stock NOTATION.

ANSWER:

+1

Explanation:

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ANSWER:

I THINK so ....

D.) 175G, 220g, 200g...

Explanation:

3.) CABD....

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ANSWER:

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ANSWER:

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EXPLANATION:

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The PRODUCT of these two indicates the probability density of finding a particle in space at a TIME. However, ψ2 is the PHYSICAL interpretation of wave function as it provides the probability information of locating a particle at ALLOCATION in a given time.

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Answer:

70%

Explanation:

mass of solution= 1000 g

mass of water = 700 g

mass of ZINC Sulphate = (1000 - 700) = 300 g

Mass PERCENT

= (mass of SOLUTE / mass of solution)*100

=( 700/1000)*100 %

= 70%

ANSWER:

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EXPLANATION:

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のンガは息の臭いがするたわごとを食べるあなたのパノのようなものです

ANSWER:

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EXPLANATION:

But for DYES that are not water soluble, you'd use an organic solvent such as alcohol to dissolve them. So the only REASON why you use alcohol RATHER than water is because your ink is soluble in ethanol but not in water.

Answer:

Alkalinity is a measure of the ability of a water sample to neutralize acids. It is an aggregate

property that is derived from the sum of the neutralising capabilities of all bases present in a

water sample. Alkalinity is measured by volumetric analysis using a standardized acid titrant.

The endpoint is signalled by a colour change of a PH indicator, such as phenolphthalein or

methyl orange or by using a pH meter. Alkalinity is a general water chemistry parameter and can

be used to predict photosynthetic productivity and the buffering capacity of a lake against acid

deposition. Note that alkalinity is not the same as pH (or if you like pOH). Alkalinity is a

measure of a capacity factor, whereas the pOH (- log [OH-

]) is an INTENSITY factor. The common

ions that contribute to alkalinity in natural waters are hydroxide (OH-

), carbonate (CO3

2-) and

bicarbonate (HCO3

-

, aka hydrogen carbonate). The bicarbonate ion is usually the dominant

anion and the largest contributor to the alkalinity.

Neutralization Reactions

hydroxide OH-

+ H+ Æ H2O {1}

carbonate CO3

2- + 2 H+ Æ H2CO3 {2}

bicarbonate HCO3

-

+ H+ Æ H2CO3 {3}

calcium carbonate CaCO3 + 2 H+ Æ Ca2+ + H2CO3 {4}

In some waters/wastewaters, other species such as ammonia, borates, phosphates and silicates

may contribute to the alkalinity. Alkalinity can be measured as either the ‘phenolphthalein’

alkalinity (neutralization to a pH ~ 8.3) or as the ‘total’ alkalinity (pH ~ 4.2). The

phenolphthalein alkalinity, written as [alk]P when expressed as the number of moles of H+

neutralized per litre, is equal to the sum of the MOLAR concentrations of OH-

and CO3

2- (see

equation below). Since the [OH-

] can be readily determined from the sample pH, the [CO3

2-] can

be calculated from the phenolphthalein alkalinity. If the initial pH of the sample is less than 8.3

to begin with, the phenolphthalein alkalinity is zero and [OH-

] and [CO3

2-] ~ 0. The total

alkalinity, [alk]T, is a measure of all contributing ions (see equation below).

Chemical Definitions of Phenolphthalein and Total Alkalinity

[alk]P = [OH-

] + [CO3

2-] {5}

[alk]T = [HCO3

-

] + [OH-

] + 2[CO3

2-] {6}

Note that the carbonate ion concentration is multiplied by a factor of two since each CO3

2- ion

will neutralize two protons when titrated to pH 4.2. To determine the concentration of the

hydroxide, bicarbonate and carbonate ion, one needs to know the initial pH of the original

sample and either the phenolphthalein alkalinity or the total alkalinity. Although, alkalinity is

measured and used in stoichiometric calculations expressed as mol/L H+

, it is normally reported

as mg/L CaCO3 (i.e., as having the same neutralizing ability as a certain concentration of

CaCO3). For example, a water sample that has a total alkalinity reported as Talk = 45 mg/L

CaCO3 has the same neutralising capacity as a solution which contains 45 mg/L of CaCO3 (i.e.,

9.0 x 10-4 mol H+

/L), even though the sample may not contain any CaCO3 (see calculation

below).

Answer:

• The byproduct FORMS SODIUM hydroxide, chlorine gas and hydrogen. For PREPARATION of bleaching powder, chlorine gas REACTS with lime water. Chemical FORMULA for limewater is Ca(OH)2 i.e. calcium hydroxide.

• Carbon has a valency of four, so it is CAPABLE of BONDING with four other atoms of carbon or atoms of some other monovalent element. This is KNOWN as tetravalency of carbon.

ANSWER:

MOLES(NA2CO3) = 5.3/106 = 0.05

molarity = moles/ VOLUME

           = 0.05/0.4

           = 0.125 MOL/ dm3

Explanation:

ANSWER:

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Explanation:

In CHEMISTRY, an ELEMENT is a pure substance consisting only of atoms that all have the same NUMBERS of protons in their atomic nuclei. UNLIKE chemical compounds, chemical elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

Answer:

When two drops of copper sulphate and ten drops of caustic soda or NaOH is ADDED to egg, it turns violet. This indicates the presence of PROTEINS.

This is Biuret's test and the PRINCIPLE is simple as follows:

In the presence of alkaline medium (caustic soda or NaOH), the Cu

2+

ions GET reduced to Cu

+

and binds to the egg proteins, thereby GIVING a violet color.

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Answer:

Isotopes are atoms of the same ELEMENTS having same atomic NUMBER but DIFFERENT mass numbers.

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Dear Student,

The BALANCE equation for the decomposition of N2O5 can be written as:

2 N2O5(g) → 4 NO2(g) + O2(g)

Given:

MASS of O2(g) formed = 1.60 g

Molar mass of O2 = 16.0 g/mol

Moles of O2 = Mass / Molar mass = 1.60 / 16.0 = 0.1 moles

The mole ratio of O2 and NO2 is 1 : 4 hence moles of NO2 = 0.1 x 4 = 0.4 moles of NO2

Molar mass of NO2 = 46.00 g/mol

Mass of NO2 = 46.00 x 0.4 = 18.4 g

Answer: 18.4 g of NO2 will form..

EXPLANATION:

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ANSWER:

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<U>Hlo..@ is the Correct ANS....INCREASE the concentration of NO3-ions

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Answer:

• Ionic solids dissolve and form hydrated IONS in water. Theses hydrated ions consist of a central ion surrounded by a SPHERICAL shell of water molecules. ... In some ionic solids, these hydration shells remain around the cation centers and are very structured forming what is called a complex ion.
• In this context, keep in mind that the oxidation state of elemental oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2) is defined as zero. The most prevalent state of covalently BONDED oxygen is -2. This is the case for water, alcohols, ethers and carbonyl COMPOUNDS.

• All actinides are radioactive and RELEASE energy UPON radioactive DECAY; naturally occurring uranium and thorium, and synthetically PRODUCED plutonium are the most abundant actinides on Earth. These are used in nuclear REACTORS and nuclear weapons.

• The lanthanide or LANTHANOID series of chemical elements COMPRISES the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers 57–71, from lanthanum through lutetium. These elements, along with the chemically similar elements SCANDIUM and yttrium, are OFTEN collectively known as the rare EARTH elements.

Answer:

1 ML SHW = 1 mg of CaC03 eq.

∴ 50ml SHW = 50 mg of CaC03 eq .

50 ml of SHW = 20 ml of EDTA solution.

20 ml of EDTA = 50 mg of CaC03 eq.

∴ 1 ml of EDTA =

5020 mg of CaC03 eq .

= 2.5 mg of CaC03 eq.

50 ml of water SAMPLE = 30 ml of EDTA solution.

∴ 1000 ml of water sample =

1000×3050

= 600 ml of EDTA solution

1 ml of EDTA = 2.5 mg of CaC03 eq.

∴ 600 ml of EDTA = 2.5x 600

= 1500 mg of CaC03 eq.

∴ Total hardness of = 1500 mg/L

water sample = 1500ppm.

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Answer:

Atoms will COVALENTLY bond with other atoms in order to gain more stability, which is gained by FORMING a full electron shell. By sharing their OUTER most (VALENCE) ELECTRONS, atoms can fill up their outer electron shell and gain stability

Answer:

17 by X hj and I am not a SINGLE LETTER but it will TAKE me to the target service and the

EXPLANATION:

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ANSWER:

INTERNATIONAL pure & applied chemistry

It's an IONIC COMPOUND.....

Answer:

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Explanation:

Let the molality of the solution is m.

ΔT

b

=

K

f

b×

m

ΔT

f

= K

f

× m

ΔT

f

+ΔT

b

=

(K

f

+

K

b

)×

m=

(1.86+

0.51)×

m

=

2.37×

m

Hence

m=

5/2.37=

2.11

and

1000

2.11×100

=

0.211

gram of sucrose MUST be DISSOLVED in 100 gram of water.

Required MASS of sucrose

=

0.211mol×

342g/mole=

72.2g

Answer:

Explanation:

The BONDS are covalent and the ELECTRONS are "shared." So, in the double bond (which, of course, has a different NATURE to the single bond) one must assume that the electrons are positioned in such away that they are balanced by the PROTONS of the oxygen nuclei. There is therefore no charge on this atom

Answer:

• binary mixture consists of two TYPES of molecules, A and B, x is the FRACTION of B molecules (if the particles are atoms, and not molecules, the mixture is CALLED an alloy.) The phase diagram for such a system (in comparison with the phase diagram for a single-component system) has an EXTRA dimension – x.

Answer:

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Explanation:

In atomic physics, the BOHR model or Rutherford–Bohr model, presented by Niels Bohr and Ernest Rutherford in 1913, is a system consisting of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons—similar to the STRUCTURE of the Solar System, but with attraction provided by ELECTROSTATIC FORCES in place of gravity.

ANSWER:

number

Explanation:

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Answer:

• In vapour state, sulphur partly EXISTS as S2 molecule and has two UNPAIRED electrons like O2 in the antibonding π-orbital. Hence, EXHIBITS paramagnetism.

Answer:

Explanation:

Potassium forms ions with a POSITIVE charge. ... when potassium reacts with CHLORINE, which forms ions ... Fluorine is in GROUP seven so forms ions with a NEGATIVE charge

Answer:

Chlorine gas

Explanation:

As the electricity from the BATTERY PASSES through and between the electrodes, the water SPLITS into hydrogen and chlorine gas, which COLLECT as very tiny bubbles around the ELECTRODE tips. Hydrogen collects around the cathode and chlorine gas collects around the anode.