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THERMODYNAMICS. The branch of science which deals with the quantitative RELATIONSHIP between heat and other FORMS of energies is CALLED thermodynamics.

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Nitrogen gas is the answer.it is because when the packed food is SURROUNDED by an unreactive gas nitrogen ,there is no oxygenor AIR to cause its OXIDATION and make it rancid .

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Ketones do not react with MONOHYDRIC alcohols but they usually TENDS to react with diol i.e polyhydric alcohol. This can be explained on the BASIS of the stability of the product. The ketones tends to form a cylic KETAL with diols which stabilises the product whereas no such cyclic ketal product FORMATION is possible with the monohydric alcohols . Since,e the non-cyclic ketal formed is unstable
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Muddy WATER is treated with ALUM in purification process, ITIS termed as COAGULATION

Here's your ANSWER

CH3OH. =methanol

C2H5OH = ETHANOL

solution:

So₂ +  Fe⁺³  → So₄²⁻ + Fe²⁺

Here, O.N of So² is increasing, so, their is oxidation of So₂

similarly, O.N of Fe⁺³ is decreasing. so, their is Reduction of Fe⁺³

OXIDATION HALF:

So₂   →     So₄²⁻

=>    So₂  +  2H₂O   →  So₄²⁻  [Balancing Oxygen]

=>     So₂  +   2H₂O    →   So₄²⁻   +   4H⁺ [Balancing HYDROGEN]

=>     So₂   +   2H₂O    →    So₄²⁻   +   4H⁺   +  2e⁻  [Balancing charge]...(1)

REDUCTION HALF :

Fe³⁺   →   Fe²⁺

=>   Fe³⁺   +  e⁻   →  Fe²⁺  [Balancing charge]

=>   2Fe³⁺   +  2e⁻   →    2Fe²⁺ [Multiplying by 2]...(1)

ADDING 1 & 2

So₂  +  2H₂0  +  2Fe⁺³  +  2e⁻    →   So₄²⁻  +  4H⁺  +  2e⁻  +  2Fe²⁺

So₂  +  2H₂0  +  2Fe⁺³     →   So₄²⁻  +  4H⁺  +  2Fe²⁺ [All things GET balanced]

________________

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In galvenic cell the SALT bridge complete the innert circuit of the cell. it maintain the electrically neutrality in both COMPARTMENTS by providing CHARGED ions . it prevents the two electrolytic solution from mixing . the ANSWER is c. WITHOUT salt bridge galvenic cell is incomplete

Hydrogen gas
for EXAMPLE H2SO4+Na= Na2SO4+H
the presence can be tasted by USING MATCHING which produces pop-up SOUND when burned in the presence of hydrogen gas

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Periodic CHANGES are changes which occur periodically or at REGULAR intervals Example: Change of seasons.

Day and night, CHANGING phases of the moon, beating of HEART, clock STRIKING an hour are all examples of periodic motion whereas waterbecoming ice, burning of matchstick etc are non periodic changes. Changes which are repeated after regular intervals are called periodic changes.

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When a METAL REACTS with the OXYGEN it FORMS metal OXIDE or oxide of metal

Dear Student,  

ΔG° = −nFE°cell

and, Δ G° = −RTlnKeq

Therefore,

nFE°cell = RTlnKeq

or, lnKeq =nFE °cell  RT

Here, N = 2 (as 2 ELECTRONS are involved)

F = 96500

E°cell = 3. 16 V

R = 8. 314 JK−1 mol−1

T = 298 K

or, lnKeq = = 246. 16

2×96500×3.16

8.314×298

or, Keq = e = 8. 05  So we get the answer as 8.05

A SOLUTION which CONTAINS a higher CONCENTRATION of solute than does a SATURATED solution at that temperature. A supersaturated solution is METASTABLE.

We KNOW that, % of any ELEMENT in a compound



% of BORON  = 0.192/0.48 X 100 = 40%

% of OXYGEN = 0.288/0.48X 100 = 60%

Aldehydes are more reactive and readily undergo nucleophilic ADDITION reactions in comparison to KETONES. ... This is because ketones CONTAIN TWO alkyl groups which decrease the electrophilicity of carbonyl CARBON atom more than aldehydes.

An ambident nucleophile is an anionicnucleophile whose negative charge isdelocalized by RESONANCE over two unlike ATOMS or over two LIKE but non-equivalent atoms. The most commonambident nucleophiles are ENOLATE IONS

0.2 MOLE FORM of SULPHUR DIOXIDE

There's being a vital problem

if wood is in liquid state then we can't have any FOOD from plants SINCE it requires to support for plants.

we can't built our houses.

there are no forests so no RAIN many more

we can't IMAGINE our life without rain

there will be desert everywhere since plants helps for soil fixation.

there will be disturbance in ecological aspects.

economic disturbance as the wood is the imp aspect of our economy


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Zn(S)+CUSO4(Aq) = Cu+ZnSO4

above REACTION will happen as per reactivity SERIES,

our case same metal CANT replace the same metal of metal salt because of same reactivity.

It is CARBON DIOXIDE

Answer : The ACTIVATION ENERGY of the reaction is, 140 KJ/mole.

Solution : Given,

The overall rate of reaction is given,

The expression for Arrhenius rate constant is,

Now taking 'ln' on both side, we get

Now the expression for activation energy of the reaction will be,

Now PUT all the given VALUES in this formula, we get

Therefore, the activation energy of the reaction is, 140 KJ/mole.

Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and ENGINEERING that STUDIES the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic COMPOUNDS, and their mixtures, which are called alloys. Metallurgy is USED to separate METALS from their ore.

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The TWO USES of sugar charcoal are

☆ Sugar charcoal is used to prepare artificial diamonds. 

☆ it is used as reducing agent in INDUSTRIES....




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Not just that, permanent hardness of water is due to MG, Ca, CL and SO4 IONS.

the force of ATTRACTION which combines two ATOMS to form a molecule is CALLED a CHEMICAL bond

Answer:

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Explanation:

Hydration energy DECREASES down the group, WHEREAS LATTICE energy remains almost constant.

Thus, hydration enthalpy is higher than the lattice enthalpy in case of BeSO

4

as the charge density in Be

2+

is HIGH.

The BLAST FURNACE

Iron is extracted from iron ore in a huge container called a blast furnace. Iron ores such as haematitecontain iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3. The oxygen must be removed from the iron(III) oxide in order to leave the iron behind. Reactions in which oxygen is removed are called reduction reactions.

Carbon is more reactive than iron, so it can displace iron from iron(III) oxide. Here are the equations for the reaction:
Iron(III) oxide + carbon → iron + carbon dioxide
2Fe2O3(s) + 3C(s) → 4Fe(l) + 3CO2(g)
In this reaction, the iron(III) oxide is reduced to iron, and the carbon is oxidised to carbon dioxide.
In the blast furnace, it is so hot that carbon monoxide can be used, in PLACE of carbon, to reduce the iron(III) oxide:
iron(III) oxide + carbon monoxide → iron + carbon dioxide
Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(s) → 2Fe(l) + 3CO2(g)

Raw materials for the reaction

Iron ore (haematite)Iron(III) oxideA compound that contains ironCokeCarbonBurns in air to produce heat, and reacts to form carbon monoxide (needed to reduce the iron oxide)LimestoneCalcium carbonateHelps to remove acidic impurities from the iron by reacting with them to form molten slagAirOxygenAllows the coke to burn, and so produces heat

Removing impurities

The calcium carbonate in the limestone thermally decomposes to form calcium oxide.
calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide
CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)
The calcium oxide then reacts with silica (sand) impurities in the haematite, to produce slag - which is calcium silicate.
calcium oxide + silica → calcium silicate
CaO(s) + SIO2(s) → CaSiO3(l)
This reaction is a neutralisation reaction. Calcium oxide is basic (as it is a metal oxide) and silica is acidic (as it is a non-metal oxide).

Paramagnetic COMPOUNDS CONTAIN one or more unpaired electrons and are ATTRACTED to the poles of a magnet. Elemental iron and iron (III) areparamagnetic because of the necessity of unpaired electrons in their orbitals. ... All of the electrons are paired and, as a RESULT, the complex isdiamagnetic.

Names and Identifiers

Computed Descriptors

IUPAC Name

3-ethyl-2-methylhexanal

from PubChem

InChI

InChI=1S/C9H18O/c1-4-6-9(5-2)8(3)7-10/h7-9H,4-6H2,1-3H3

from PubChem

InChI Key

YWSLXSJLOZTYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N

from PubChem

Canonical SMILES

CCCC(CC)C(C)C=O

from PubChem

Molecular Formula

C9H18O

from PubChem

Synonyms

Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

SCHEMBL7598223

from PubChem

Chemical and Physical Properties

Computed Properties

Property NameProperty ValueMolecular Weight142.242 g/molHydrogen Bond Donor Count0Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count1Rotatable Bond Count5Complexity88.7CACTVS SUBSTRUCTURE Key FingerprintAAADceBwIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGgAAAAAADQCggAICAAAAAAAIAAgQgAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAAAAAABIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEICAAOgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==Topological Polar Surface Area17.1 A^2Monoisotopic Mass142.136 g/molExact Mass142.136 g/molXLogP3-AA3.2Compound Is CanonicalizedtrueFormal Charge0Heavy ATOM Count10Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count2Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0Isotope Atom Count0Covalently-Bonded Unit Count

The bond LENGTH of each kind of bond VARIES very LITTLE from one particular compound to another. Single bonds of first-row elements (C, N, O, F) to hydrogen are all about 1 Å. Single bonds between first-row atoms are allabout 1.5 Å. Double and triple bonds are SHORTER: 1.2 to 1.3 Å in fi

The minimum reading that can be taken in a THERMOMETER on a DEGREE C scale is the LEAST count of it for example, the least count of a clinicalthermometer is 1/5 or 0.2degree c because there are 5 subdivisions of 1 division.

Value of dissociation constant, K comes to

         K = [H+] [OH-]/[H2O]

        or   [H+][OH-] = K[H2O]

Since dissociation TAKES place to a very small extent, the concentration of undissociated water molecules, [H20], may be regarded as constant. Thus, the product #[H20] gives another constant which is designated as Kw. So,

[H+][OH-] = Kw

The constant, Kw, is termed as ionic product of water.

Refer to the following video for ionic product of water

It is only because of the self ionization of water that it can act as both acid as well as base.

Any substance which increases the concentration of H+ ion would MAKE water acidic.

Similarly, any substance which increases the concentration of OH- ion, would make water basic.

But in pure water, the hydrogen ion (hydroxonium ion) concentration is ALWAYS equal to the hydroxide ion concentration. For every hydrogen ion formed, t

Organic compound. Organic compound, any of a large class of chemical compounds in which one or more atoms of carbon are covalently LINKED to atoms of other elements, most commonly HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, or nitrogen. The few carbon-containing compounds not classified as organic INCLUDE CARBIDES, carbonates, and cyanides.

Hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules, not a covalent bond to a hydrogen atom. It results from the ATTRACTIVE force between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom such as a N, O, or F atom and another very electronegative atom. Hydrogen bond strengths range from 4 kJ to 50 kJ per mole of hydrogen bonds.

In molecules CONTAINING N-H, O-H or F-H bonds, the large difference in electronegativity between the H atom and the N, O or F atom leads to a highly polar covalent bond (i.e., a bond dipole). The electronegativities are listed below.

elementelectronegativity valueH2.1N3.0O3.5F4.1Because of the difference in electronegativity, the H atom bears a large partial POSITIVE charge and the N, O or F atom bears a large partial negative charge.



A H atom in one molecule is electrostatically attracted to the N, O, or F atom in another molecule.

Carbonization is a process in which a fuel is heated without air to LEAVE solid porous carbon. Coke is PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY by carbonization of coal, either at high or low TEMPERATURES. The main purpose in the carbonization of coal is to produce coke, and any chemicals produced are of secondary importance.

Bert SELS, Marcel Van de VOORDE · 2017 · TECHNOLOGY & Engineering

deduce the adsorption enthalpies from the molecular DYNAMICS simulations ... offer a favorable balance between accuracy and computational efficiency. ... In most of the functionals the missing dispersion forces are added as correction terms, ...

Iron comes into CONTACT with the witness HUMIDITY in air and gets oxidized.


a thin layer of iron oxide is FORMED on the surface that is in brown colour it is not possible to get BACK iron from iron oxide by using normal PHYSICAL means of hitting filtering extra so it is a chemical change...

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Answer:

Distinguishing test between ammonium sulphate and sodium sulphate : If you heat ammonium sulphate with calcium oxide, smell of ammonia will come out. If a WET glass road by HCl is hold on the evolved GAS, white FUMES of NH4Cl will FORM. ... Physical test: liquor ammonia exists in low / ROOM temperature

Mg(s) + 2 HCl(aq) --> MgCl 2(aq) + H 2(g) 
and
CRUSHED EGG SHELL --> CaCO3

HCl + CaCO3 --> CACL2 + CO2 + H2O