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s used as a medicine by Greeks, Egyptians, ancient Indians in Ayrveda, medieval islamic people and by chinese in their traditional medicines.    Honey is used orally and also EXTERNALLY on skin.  Honey is often mixed with medicines to treat diseases.Honey treats  gastric problems,  ulcers  , wounds, burns,  weakness.   Honey could clean blood too.  For people doing yoga, honey is recommended as it is supposed to improve blood circulation.  Honey improves asthma PATIENTS health.  But perhaps honey is not so good for dressing of wounds or burns and for allergies.   Honey is told to be good against cancer.  Honey mixed with warm lime water is supposed to be good against cough.Honey contains fructose, glucose and monosaccharides and water.  Honey possesses antiseptic and antibacterial properties.However, honey should not be GIVEN to INFANTS.  Honey may have some side effects on some persons.Modern allopathic medicine does not believe too much on honey's medicinal properties, except about curing cough or throat irritation.

o is technically a FRUIT, but taste-wise, it’s closer to a vegetable. If you’ve ever grown tomatoes, then you know that they love the heat and hate the cold. Turns out even after they’re plucked from the vine, they still hold their aversion to cold. The fridge is not the ideal PLACE to store tomatoes. Store them there and your perfect tomatoes turn into a mealy disappointment. They’ll still be good for cooking, but not the best for eating fresh. Instead store them on your COUNTER (not in direct sunlight) and enjoy them when they’re ripe.but if we want to cook the tomatoes by fresh we should keep it in fridge.Potatoes like cool, not cold temperatures. They do best at around 45 degrees F, which is about 10 degrees warmer than the AVERAGE refrigerator. Most of us don’t have a root cellar (a cool, dark place to store root vegetables like potatoes), so keeping them in a paper bag in a coolish spot (like a pantry) is best. Why paper? It’s more breathable then plastic so potatoes won’t succumb to ROT as easily. And why not the fridge? Storing potatoes at cold temperatures converts their starch to sugar more quickly, which can affect the flavor, texture and the way they cook.NOTE:NOT COPIED FROM ANY SITEIF IT HELPS U PLZZZZ MARK IT BST

y is NOTHING it is other NAME of ENERGY.

tement is true. The SUBSTANCE left over on the FILTER PAPER after filtration is CALLED RESIDUE.

is NORMALLY in orange color because it  reflect the that color only.raddish is white in color because all COLORS are accepted by it so it is in white color. that means it is depend on LIGHT ABSORPTION

the cavity FORMING bacteria GROW faster in sugar medium.and acid reaction ALSO OCCURS.

tment is FALSE. becasue JUICE is a MIXTURE of water, SUGAR, vitamin C, and more.

illation a LIQUID is convert into VAPOUR and SEPARATE from oyher liquid and so distillation is advantageous over EVAPORATION

tion is the PROCESS by which we can REMOVE a liquid without disturbing the solid SETTLED at the BOTTOM.

a radiation can eject a photo electron or not depends on the material on which the radiation is incident. If we have to CHOOSE from ONE of the options, then it will the one with LOWEST energy. So it would be (a)Radio waves.

tion , evaporation are the process which can use for separat WATER and alcohol.alcohol are having low boiling point COMPARE to water so in distilation PROCESSS alcohol distiled out first. and then water. mostly this method is use for sepration of liquid mixture.in evaporation alcohol is volatile so evaporate and water is NON- volatile so it's remain as it is.

ubstance is homogeneous and propertie of substance are constant. PURE substance is made up of one type of particle. mostly pure SUB. are COLOUR less in nature. EX  DIAMOND      oxygen gas     nitrogen gas

of H₂ reacts with 0.5 mole of O₂ to form 1 mole of H₂O. At STP, the volume is DIRECTLY proportional to moles.Since 1 mole of H₂ reacts with 0.5 mole of O₂, 20 ml of H₂ reacts with 10ML of O₂ and form 10ml of H₂O.volume of 1 mole H₂O = 22.4 l = 22400 mlnumber of moles in 10ml H₂O = NUMBER of molecules in 1 mole = number of molecules of water in 10ml = So 2.688×10²° molecules of water are produced.

Manual is a guidance book which GUIDES us about how to do an experiment.We use practicals to UNDERSTAND the SUBJECT BETTER

is SEPARATED from MILK in DAIRIES by CHURNING.

o GAS[vapour] TRANSITIONS is KNOWN as sublimation gas[vapour] to solid  transitions is known as deposition.

NTP are same : standard temperature and pressure and normal temperature and pressure:  The temperature is 0 deg C and 1 atmospheric pressure.  This is a standard.  A gas occupies 22.4 liters at STP.   RTP is room temperature and pressure:  This is at room temperature 25 deg C.   The gas occupies around 24.1 litres at RTP.1 mole of any gas contains 6.023 * 10^23 MOLECULES at any temperature and pressure.  There is no use of  NTP  here for the calculation purposes.     N2 :  6.023 * 10^22 molecules = 0.1 moles     He : 2 gm = 1 mole     O2 :  8 gm   0.25 moles     Mole FRACTION of N2 :  0.1 /(0.1+1+0.25) = 0.1/1.35 = 20/27

d is EASILY SEPARATED from INSOLUBLE SOLID by FILTRATION.

ber of ELECTRONS PRESENT in the OUTER most ORBIT of an atom is called Valencyvalency of oxygen=2               calcium=2                nitrogen=3

ble LIQUIDS that do not MIX with each otherEx:- WATER and oil       water and rubbing alcohol

Winnowing (by WIND and SHAKING) is a process of SEPARATING chaff, dust, dirt, husk and light weight stuff from a little heavier seeds or grains.  This process is done manually by the farmers after collecting grains from the PLANTS from the agricultural fields.   The mixture i exposed to blowing wind and some shaking is done manually to give the mixture some more exposure to the air.  The unnecessary things other than the grains or seeds get blown away to some DISTANCE and the heavier grains fall vertically down.

dy centered CUBIC lattice structure, called bcc or bl,  we have atoms present in the center of the unit cube or cell.  ONE atom is present at the center and 8 atoms at the 8 centers of the unit cell of the crystal lattice.   Thus, if we consider the atoms to be spherical with RADIUS r, and the edge or side of the cube to be a units, then we have:     √3 a = r + 2r + r = 4 r,  as the atoms at the diagonally opposite atoms of the cube are in line with the atom in the middle at the center of the cube.  As each of the atoms at the corners contributes to 1/8 of a sphere into the cube, the cube consists of  1 atoms + 1/8 * 8 atoms = 2 atoms. remaining SPACE is void.  So amount of volume occupied by the 2 atoms = 2 * 4π/3  r³ = 8π/3 * (√3/4a)³ size of the cube = a³ The ratio = space utilization of phosphorous lattice bcc = √3π/8 = 68%so 32 % of the space is empty in the bcc lattice.Phosphorous atomic weight = 19  so 19 gms consist of 6.023 * 10^23 atoms.   1 gm consists of  3.17 * 10^22 atoms.  there are two atoms in a unit cell.  Hence there are  1.585 * 10^22 units cells in 1 gm of Phosphorous.

cess involved in the separation of MUSTARD OIL and WATER is - SEPARATING Funnel !

mical ELEMENT  Iodine is DIAMAGNETIC in nature.  That is it repels an external magnetic fied.  It induces a magnetic field that has direction opposite to the external magentic field.In FERROMAGNETIC or paramagnetic materials, the induced magnetic field is in the same direction as that of external magnetic field.  So those materials are ATTRACTED to magnets.In dielectric or non-conductor substances, the electrons are bound to protons within the shells in atoms.  The negatively charged electrons go around  in circles in atoms.  It is like current going in LOOPS.  The external magnetic field and the magnetic field of the current loops of charged electrons have repulsive effect.Magnetite is called Iodostone.  Iodostone is Ferric oxide which is a naturally occuring ferromagnetic material.

can SEPARATE salt and camphor by sublimation. because camphore is volatile in nature while salt is non-volatile. for sapration take a MIXTURE in evaporating dish and cover it with funnel UPSIDE down and gently HEAT the mixture camphor is evaporate and STICKS to the funnel and salt remain in dish.

ito NET is a FILTER.  It has small holes in between fibre or COTTON threads or  fibre strands.It allows air to pass through and does not allow insects and MOSQUITOS, which are bigger than the sizes of holes in the net, to pass through the net.

ublimation is a process of change of PHYSICAL state of a SUBSTANCE from solid PHASE to the GASEOUS phase directly without going through the LIQUID phase in between.    When a substance is at its triple point - a particular temperature and pressure - , or below the triple point, then a solid goes directly into gas.From sand, water can be separated by  processes:  evaporation and condensation  OR  the process called  distillation.

e MIXTURE of iron filings can be separated by using a MAGNET from a physical mixture with some other material.The tea LEAVES are not ATTRACTED to the magnet.  Since iron filings are ferromagnetic materials, they are attracted to the magnet and they will stick to the surface of the magnet.

e.Condensation process FOLLOWS the evaporation process.first the liquid/mixture/compound  is HEATED and evaporated.  Some gas or vapour is emitted from a chemical reaction or from the action of heating to the boiling point of the liquid PRESENT inside the BEAKER.The vapour travels through a tube and then falls into another beaker. The temperature of this beaker being  low or room temperature, the VAPOURS condense.

ating funnel is used to SEPARATE miscible liquids. - This statement is false. Separating funnel is used to separate immiscible liquids. When immiscible liquids are KEPT for some time undisturbed, the constituent liquids of the mixture form separate LAYERS and can be separated. But miscible liquids don't form separate layers. So they can't be separated USING separating funnel.

f all ur equation is WRONG and it should be KHCO3 = CO2+K2CO3+H2Oso if we balance this equation so we get 2KHCO3 = CO2+K2CO3+H2Obecause in reactant side there only one K , one H , one C and THREE O .In product side there TWO K , two C , two H , and six O so we put 2 in the reactant side and then there are two K , two H , two C and 2 x 3 + 6 so there are six O

is the ELMENT that can exist as a SOFT as WELL as a hard SOLID.

s the NOBLE GAS which can POLARISE EASILY

ly SN1 reaction is taken as reaarangment reaction general formula of rearrangment isxa + y ---> xy +a  hydrolysis of tert-butyl bromide with WATER FORMING tert-butanol: (CH3)3-Br + H2O ---> (CH3)3-OH + Br^- + H3O+

tions are TYPICALLY seen with secondary and tertiary alkyl halides, but a hindered BASE is necessary with a PRIMARY halide. The mechanism by which it occurs is a single step concerted reaction with one transition state. The rate at which this mechanism occurs is second order kinetics, and depends on both the base and alkyl halide. A good leaving group is required because it is involved in the rate determining step. The leaving groups must be coplanar in order to form a pi bond; carbons go from sp3 to sp2 hybridization states. GENERAL Reaction In this reaction Ba represents the base and X representents a leaving group, typically a halogen. There is one transition state that shows the concerted reaction for the base attracting the hydrogen and the halogen taking the electrons from the bond. The product be both eclipse and staggered depending on the transition states. Eclipsed products have a synperiplanar transition states, while staggered products have antiperiplanar transition states. Staggered conformation is usually the major product because of its lower energy confirmation.  An E2 reaction has certain requirements to procede: A strong base is necessary especially necessary for primary alkyl halides. Secondary and tertirary primary halides will procede with E2 in the precesence of a base (OH-, RO-, R2N-)Both leaving groups should be on the same plane, this allows the double bond to form in the reaction. In the reaction above you can see both leaving groups are in the plane of the carbons.Follows ZAITSEV's rule, the most substituted alkene is usually the major product.Hoffman Rule, if a strically hindered base will result in the least substituted product.                    but the diagram had been copied by me.

iodide or plumbus iodide2)BRIGHT yellow colour at room temperaturepb(NO3)2(AQ)+2KI(aq) → PBI2 (s) + 2KNO3 (aq) a precipitate is FORMED during the reaction

al ENERGY of a SYSTEM is internal energyits known as mechanical nergyie pe+kemolecules of a SUBSTANCE have various forms of ENERGIES like linear ke,rotational ke vibrational ke ETC

nce a chemical formula first should see the number of atoms in the REACTANT side and then in the products side and then you should BALANCE.  for eg.hydrogen+oxygen=waterFIRST STEP:  H2+O2=H2OSECOND STEP SEE BOTH THE SIDETHERE IS ONLY ONE OXYGEN IN THE WATER SIDE THEREFORE NOW THE EQ. ISH2O+O2=2H20NOW IN THE WATER SIDE 4 HYDROGEN IS THERE THEREFORE NOW THE EQ. IS2H2+O2=2H2ONOW IT IS BALANCED.  BY THIS WAY YOU SHOULD BALANCE A CHEMICAL EQ.

ution of p=8×1/8=1 CONTRIBUTION of q=1×1=1 => p:q=1:1 => formula of COMPOUND = PQ

paste a periodic table chart infront of your BED. DAILY try to keep ONE GROUP or one period in your mind. so, read just a read like this.

sulphate is CU SO₄ is a salt of copper.The anhydrous copper sulphate without any moist or WATER molecules in it - is a light GREENISH white powder.  When a water drop falls on the anhydrous powder, water molecules are absorbed by the sulphate.The pentahydrate form CuSO₄ . 5 H₂O    of copper sulphate is a beautiful bright shining blue crystalline solid.Copper sulphate exists in various degrees of HYDRATION ie., different number of molecules of water associated with one molecule of copper sulphate: like trihydrate and heptahydrate - which is green.Cu SO₄  dissolves in a lot of water (not just drops) giving out heat, and FORMS [ Cu (H₂O)₆ ]²⁺  and   SO₄²⁻  ions.   Cu SO₄ + 5 H₂O  ==>   ( Cu SO₄. 5 H₂O )  +  heat  Cu SO₄ + 6 H₂O   ==>    Cu  (H₂O)₆²⁺   + SO₄²⁻  + heat                            aqua