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14. INDUSTRIAL melanism shows the effect of industrial pollution on the population of moth on a nearby tree.

Before INDUSTRIALIZATION, number of white coloured moth is more than the dark coloured moth on a tree whose CONDITION is reversed after industrialization. Before industrialization, light coloured lichen used to grow on trees and therefore moth predators could not SPOT white moths easily and thus dark moths are lesser in population. But due to industrial pollution, lichens could not grow on trees and now it became difficult to spot dark moths on the dark background of stem bark and thus population of white moths became less than that of dark moths. Thus this process is termed as industrial melanism. Thus industrial melanism supported Darwin’s theory of natural selections that as natural condition changes, the organism which is more fit for the environment survives better than the other. Here before industrialization, white moths are better adapted towards nature but after industrialization, dark coloured moths were more fit towards the changed environmental conditions.

In which sporogenous TISSUE DIFFERENTIATE to FORM MEGASPORE TETRAD

Danish scientist Hans Christian Gram DEVISED a method to differentiate two types of bacteria based on the structural DIFFERENCES in their cell walls. In his test, bacteria that retain the CRYSTAL violet dye do so because of a thick layer of peptidoglycan and are CALLED Gram-positive bacteria. In contrast, Gram-negative bacteria do not retain the violet dye and are colored red or pink. Compared with Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria are more resistant against antibodies because of their impenetrable cell wall. These bacteria have a wide variety of applications ranging from medical TREATMENT to industrial use and Swiss cheese production.

Types of BIODIVERSITY. Biodiversity includes three main types: diversity within species (genetic diversity), between species (species diversity) and between ECOSYSTEMS (ECOSYSTEM diversity).

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here is ur answer...
organ donation is very important . it MEANS that a person donates his organs to other person who are in need of them . organ donation can ALSO even save a person's life. we must bring awareness among the people about this organ donation. donations LIKE eye, heart, liver etc can be done in organ donation. we can save a person's life by this organ donation.some of d doctors ask the permission of family members
and take the organs of dead bodies like eye.
so guys ,
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The market for food gelatin is segmented into source, TYPE, and application. Food & beverages account for about 31% of the global gelatindemand. Almost 46% of the world's gelatin is sourced from pig SKIN, followed by bovine HIDES, BONES, and other sourcessuch as FISH skin.

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Constantly moving in search of FOOD, a paramecium sweeps up its meals, mainly bacteria and other small organisms, with a series of cilia that line its oral groove and gullet. ... Occasionally, two organisms will exchange NUCLEAR MATERIAL through conjugation, a form of sexual REPRODUCTION.

A2A thanks! Gustatory receptors- taste receptors- found on the papillae of the TONGUE (fungiform, circumvallate, FOLIATE)

PS- Filiform papillae don’t have taste receptors!

OLFACTORY receptors- ODORANT receptors- found in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. Olfactory receptors will CONNECT to the olfactory bulb which is relatively less developed in humans.

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Urine color generally ranges from a pale-yellow color to deep AMBER. This COLORING is primarily CAUSED by the pigment UROCHROME, also known as urobilin.

Muscles function to produce force and MOTION. They are primarily responsible for maintaining and changing posture, LOCOMOTION, as well as movement of INTERNAL organs, such as the contraction of the heart and the movement of food through the digestive SYSTEM via peristalsis.

Cultural considerations are crucial to the effectiveness of any counseling approach. In this discussion, “culture” refers to everything that defines and distinguishes a person including ethnicity, gender, AGE, sexual ORIENTATION, language, values, GOALS, and life experiences.Some of the cultural considerations a health care PROFESSIONAL needs to be familiar with while addressing the complications associated with the female reproductive system are believes and practices, taboos, values and norms, and attitudes of various cultures within his or her working locality.  These are essential steps to be looked after in order to prevent offending the PATIENT, or developing prejudices and misconceptions, which may affect the tendency to offer help.  

An apparatus, such as a large fermentation chamber, for growing organisms such as bacteria or yeast under controlled conditions. Bioreactors are used in the biotechnological production of substances such as pharmaceuticals, ANTIBODIES, or vaccines, or for the bioconversion of organic waste

The six types are: (1) Continuous Stirred TANK Bioreactors (2) Bubble Column Bioreactors (3) Airlift Bioreactors (4) Fluidized Bed Bioreactors (5) PACKED Bed Bioreactors and (6) Photo-Bioreactors.

PLEASE WRITE the QUESTION in ENGLISH and not in any other LANGUAGES

the difference between menopause and menstruation is that menopause is the time when your period stops. It usually OCCURS naturally, most often after you age 45. Menopause happens because your ovary stops producing the HORMONES ESTROGEN and progesterone. While menstruation or period, is your MONTHLY bleeding.

The microspore MOTHER CELL is diploid and divides meiotically to FORM haploid MICROSPORES or pollen. This describes the process of microsporogenesis. The pollen grain is the haploid cell that is made up of two layers: the outer exine layer which is derived from the tapetum and the inner layer called intine.

Bradycardia means that our heart beats very slowly. For most people, a heart rate of 60 to 100 beats a minute while at rest is considered normal. If your heart beats less than 60 times a minute, it is slower than normal. A SLOW heart rate can be normal and HEALTHY.

Calvin Cycle Definition. The Calvin cycle is the cycle of CHEMICAL reactions PERFORMED by plants to “fix” CARBON from CO2 into three-carbon sugars. ... INSTEAD, the Calvin cycle is powered by ATP and NADPH, which are created by harnessing the energy from photons in the light-dependent reactions.

Cell is small structure in living organisms after some time each SELL is BREAK in PARTS it is depend on growth these cells are connected to each ONE

Parthenogenesis, a reproductive STRATEGY that involves DEVELOPMENT of a female (RARELY a male) gamete (sex cell) without fertilization. ... An egg produced parthenogenetically may be either HAPLOID (i.e., with one set of dissimilar chromosomes) or DIPLOID (i.e., with a paired set of chromosomes).

First of all, we need to clarify that the origin of the Endosperm in Gymnosperms and Angiosperms is different. In Angiosperms, double fertilization occurs: one sperm NUCLEUS fertilizes (n) the egg (n) and forms the embryo (2n) and the other sperm nucleus (n) fuses with the two polar nuclei (n each= n+n) in the large central cell of the female gametophyte, producing a triploid cell (3n). This triploid cell is going to develop into a REAL endosperm.

In contrast to this, Gymnosperms don’t have double fertilization. There are two sperm nuclei as well, but one them degenerates. In consequence, there is no a REAL endosperm. However, there has to be a nutritive tissue because it is necessary for the growth and germination of the embryo. So the real question is how does this tissue form?

Let’s take a look at the typical life cycle of a pine:

Let’s briefly describe it:

We have both ‘’female’’ cones (ovulate) and ‘’masculine’’ cones (pollen). In the ovulate cones, there are ovules, which CONSIST of: A diploid cell called megasporocyte inside a mega sporangium (2n as well), everything covered by an integument (These 3 elements are what we call the Ovule). The megasporocyte undergoes meiosis and produces 4 haploid megaspores, only one of them surviving (n). This megaspore develops into the female gametophyte that contains two or tree archegonia; each one will form an egg. See how archegonium has reduced to a MICROSCOPIC structure when in mosses and ferns it was much bigger.

In the pollen cones, there are cells called microsporocytes (2n) inside microsporangia. These microsporocytes undergo meiosis, producing haploid microspores (n). Each microspore develops into a pollen grain (n) containing the male gametophyte.

The pollen grain consists of 4 cells: two prothallial cells, a generative cell, and a tube cell. The generative cell and the tube cell are involved in reproduction, the other two degenerate soon. The generative cell of the four-celled microgametophyte undergoes division, giving rise to two kinds of cells—a sterile cell and a spermatogenous cell. Subsequently, before the pollen tube reaches the megagametophyte, the spermatogenous cell divides to produce two sperm nuclei. One sperm nucleus unites with the egg nucleus, and the other degenerates. *In Angiosperms the situation is different: inside the pollen grain 2 sperm nuclei form: one nucleus develops the pollen tube and the other nucleus divides in two, forming again 2 sperm nuclei. When eggs inside archegonia are mature, the 2 sperm nuclei are discharged in the pollen tube. One nucleus fertilizes the egg and the other fertilizes the fused polar cells of the endosperm (2n)*

You are probably wondering where is the nutritive tissue that is going to feed the embryo. Well, remember how the female gametophyte contained many cells, but only the eggs were ‘’used’’ for the fertilization? The food RESERVES are then this feminine gametophyte tissue (n) or you could call it the primary endosperm (different to the one in angiosperms).

To finish, it is important to notice something. In angiosperms, the only way that the endosperm is formed is if fertilization occurred previously; nonetheless, in Gymnosperms, the feminine gametophyte is formed even if there is no fertilization whatsoever. This means that in Gymnosperms, all the energy invested in the generation of the feminine gametophyte could be wasted if no fertilization occurs.

An organ that is located in the upper-left PART of the ABDOMEN, not far from the STOMACH, that PRODUCES lymphocytes is TERMED as Spleen.

Speciation can be DRIVEN by evolution, which is a process that results in the accumulation of many SMALL GENETIC changes called mutations in a population over a long PERIOD of TIME. There are a number of different mechanisms that may drive speciation.

Organism belonging to the same species constitute Population.

Population is a group of organisms belonging to similar species. Organisms of same species can interbreed and can form fertile offsprings. Members of same species will show same PROPERTIES also. They will show similar type of cell organisations, similar type of reproductive PROCESS, same type of development, same type of growth and also same type of BODY forms. They have capability to interbeed and form fertile offsprings which ULTIMATELY forms a population in an ECOSYSTEM.

this expermant DONE in e.coli  by mensal or stolen with help of 14 NH4cl   15 NH4CL  ONE N14 N15    N14 N15 one stand made new  STARD  Thise SHOW semiconservative nature of dna

We test for the presence of starch in leaves in order to determine that photosynthesis has occurred. Glucose - the product of photosynthesis - is rapidly converted into starch for storage in the chloroplast and cytoplasm.
When INVESTIGATING WHETHER a condition (or a factor) is necessary for photosynthesis is to occur we need to remove all TRACES of starch in leaves so that we can provide evidence that photosynthesis TAKES place during the experiment i.e. in the presence of this factor and not in its ABSENCE.

Because of the favourable CLIMATE conditions which helps their BODY to perform best metabolism, HENCE they grow more.

The PODS are the FRUIT of LEGUMINOUS PLANTS

They are grouped in TWO genera—Branchiostoma (also CALLED Amphioxus) and Epigonichthyes (also called Asymmetron)—with about two dozen species. The chordate features—the NOTOCHORD (or STIFFENING rod), gill slits, and dorsal nerve cord—appear in the larvae and PERSIST into adulthood

QUANTITATION is the NAME of that PROTEIN

Urea,URIC acid,ammonia,water(acid type)etc.......... are the nitrogenous WASTE in HUMAN body (1 mark ans over )

2 mark abs

kidney is made of 1000 of NEPHRONS they filter the excessive nitrogenous waste from the body by bowmans capsuole and glomerlous(organ of nephrons) they filter excesive waste and supply to urethra through urter and nitrogenous waste ex. urea,uric acid,glucose,more amount of waste water and etc harmful material are thrown from body through urethra.

The food goes through your esophagus to the stomach, then to your COLON before being flushed out of your system. There is a CERTAIN fluid-solid proportion in our gastric system. If you consume water before the meals, you are not only disturbing the fluid component by diluting what you eat, you are ALSO fastening the digestion process as the food now enters the large intestine much SOONER than it should. Hence it is not advisable to have water just before your meal.”

Traditionally fermented food products are important in the Filipino diet. The most popular fermented products in the Philippines are: bagoong (FISH paste and shrimp paste), patis (fish sauce), burong isda (fermented fish-rice mixture) and balao-balao (fermented shrimp-rice mixture). Microorganisms have played a role in the production of these products. The sources of raw materials and methods of preparation vary, thereby affecting the number and type of microorganisms present in the mixture. Bagoong and patis production are hastened by adding proteolytic enzymes of Aspergillus oryzae. Likewise, proteolytic enzymes of A. niger also hastened patis making. Bacteria belonging to genus Bacillus, Micrococcus and Staphylococcus were identified in fermenting patis. Among the isolates studied Bacillus stereothermophilus gave the greatest extent of proteolysis. Burong isda and balao-balao are formed by the sequential type of fermentation by lactic acid bacteria. Increase in lactic acid and the lowering of pH were the changes brought about by the growth of the said organisms. Some lactic acid bacteria were FOUND to hydrolyze starch such as LACTOBACILLUS plantarum and L. coryneformis subsp. Coryneformis. Inoculation USING pure cultures and commercial starters proved to hasten the process to 3-4 days instead of 7 days

DEPRIVATION and LOSS of land all over forests DUE to ILLEGAL LOGGING

The kidneys ensure that the make up and volume of the fluids in the body is correct. They HELP CONTROL the chemical balance of the blood and REGULATE the body's level of sodium ,potassium and calcium. The kidneys remove waste products and excess WATER from the body and so help to regulate blood pressure .

The thick myofilaments are composed mainly of the protein myosin. It is the orderly overlapping of the actin and myosin filaments that give CARDIAC and skeletal muscle their striated APPEARANCE (LIGHT and DARK bands). The A band is the dark band and corresponds to the length of a BUNDLE of myosin filaments

A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also called angiosperms). The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs. Flowers may facilitate outcrossing (FUSION of sperm and eggs from different individuals in a population) or allow selfing (fusion of sperm and EGG from the same flower). Some flowers PRODUCE diaspores WITHOUT fertilization (parthenocarpy). Flowers contain SPORANGIA and are the site where gametophytes develop. Many flowers have evolved to be attractive to animals, so as to cause them to be vectors for the transfer of pollen. After fertilization, the ovary of the flower develops into fruit containing seeds.

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Body noun (PHYSICAL STRUCTURE) ... B1 [ C ] the main PART of a PERSON's or animal's body, without the head, or without the head, arms, and LEGS: He had a fat body but thin legs and arms.


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It is OCCUR in RIBOSOMES which MAKE PROTEIN and it is in CELL