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Prime meridian: 0° longitudes is called Prime Meridian or Greenwich Meridian. It passes through Greenwich, near London.

82°30’E longitude is Standard Meridian of India.

Human beings arrived on earth 1,00,000 years ago.

(D) Inner core

The earth we live on seems big and very important to us. But in the universe as a whole, it is tiny and very insignificant speck of rock. To put things into perspective earth is just a small planet in the solar system, part of a family of bodies that circle round the sun. The sun is just one of billions of stars that makes up our galaxy, and this galaxy is just one of billions that make up a universe bigger than most of us can imagine.

Venus looks like Earth because of its shape and size.

1. Crust is the uppermost layer of the interior of the earth.

2. The thickness of the core is 3476 kms.

3. The inner core is supposed to have more gold.

4. The radius of the earth is 6376 km.

First life appeared on planet Earth in oceans

1. Nepal : 88°45’East is the Standard Time Meridian of Nepal 

2. Pakistan : 74°22′ East . 

3. Bangladesh : 90°24′ East 

4. England : 0°07′ West 

5. Malaysia : 100° East 

6. Japan : 90° East

d) (✓)

e) (✓) 

g) (✓)

The light will take 8 minutes to travel from the Sun to the Earth.

The solid outer layer of the earth which consists of rocks and soils is called the lithosphere. It is the land we live.

1. The earth has a radius of 6440 km. 

2. The temperature increases at a rate of 1°C for every 32 mts. of depth. 

3. The temperature at the centre of the earth would be 6000° C. 

4. As such the rocks will be in molten stage. 

5. Pressure also increases when one goes deeper into the earth. 

6. The earth is made up of three layers. 

They are : 

1) Crust, 

2) Mantle, 

3) Core. 

7. These layers differ from one another in thickness and also in their physical and chemical compositions.

The Earth is divided into three main layers. The dense, hot inner core (yellow), the molten outer core (orange), the mantle (red), and the thin crust (brown), which supports all life in the known universe. Earth's interior is generally divided into three major layers: the crust, the mantle, and the core.

Two third of Earth’s surface is covered by water. The earth appears blue from outer space. So the Earth is called a blue planet.

Hydro means water. The hydrosphere consists of water bodies such as oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, and ice caps on mountains.

The Earth is slightly flattened at the poles and bulges in the middle. So Earth shapes in described as a Geoid.

The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds the Earth. Major gases like Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21 %), Carbon dioxide, Hydrogen, Helium, Argon, and Ozone are present in the atmosphere.

All the living things that exist on the land, in the water, and in the air are together are called as Biosphere. The biosphere consists of plants animals, bacteria, and other tiny organisms.

(C) a scaled oval path

Venus and Uranus are the two planets that spin around in a clockwise direction.

The fixed elongated path in which, all the 8 planets in the solar system move around the sun is called an orbit.

The efforts of scientists in exploring the moon and other planets definitely useful to us. Space exploration alone provides us a significant amount of knowledge which is important for the education of people also about our planet and universe. It increases the knowledge about space and the discovery of distant planets and galaxies and gives us an insight into the beginnings of our universe.

An asteroid belt exists in between the inner planets and the outer planets. It separates the inner planets and the outer planets.

The Earth has all the three components such as lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere which makes life possible. The remaining planets do not consist of these components. So life is not possible on all planets.

The planets nearer to the Sun are called inner planets. 

They are :  Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.

The last four planets are called outer planets. 

They are: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

Answer is (A) 5.30 pm

(87°30‘ W) : Local time at Chicago is : 87°30‘ x 4 = 350 minutes, i.e. 6 hours 50 minutes. That means the local time at Chicago is 6 hours 50 minutes less than 12.00 noon at Greenwich. i.e. 12.00-6.50 = 5.10 a.m.

Mumbai (73° E) : Local time at Mumbai is : 73 x 4 = 292 minutes, i.e. 4 hours 52 minutes. That means the local time at Mumbai is 4 hours 52 minutes after 12 noon i.e., 12.00 + 4.52 = 4.52 p.m.

To grow and survive animals need air, water, food and shelter. To grow and survive plants require air, water, nutrients and light.

Sun is glorified in the Vedas of ancient India as an all-seeing god who observes both good and evil victims. The Sun is the source of all life on our planet. Without the Sun we couldn’t be here. Sun is the only natural source of energy. So people in ancient times treated the Sun as a god and we worship him.