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This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 4001. |
Who was 'Renaissance Man? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The TERM .Renaissance Man. stood for the person who had interest in various fields, skills and INNOVATIONS. Many individuals of the Renaissance period had DEEP interests in art and culture. | |
| 4002. |
How many slaves were imported from Africa when enslavement was banned in Brazil? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Over THIRTY SIX lakh slaves were IMPORTED from Africa. | |
| 4003. |
What do you know about Comintern? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Comintern stands for Communist INTERNATIONAL. Its main aim was to carry out SOCIALIST REVOLUTION and to end exploitation. | |
| 4004. |
Italian towns were the first to experience the ideas of humanism. Why? |
| Answer» Solution :A large number of classics were COMPOSED by the Roman and Greek scholars. Due to lack of education, these books remained unread. But during thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, education spread in ITALY. After the spread of education these books were translated. These books introduced humanistic views to the people of Italy. Subjects of humanism started to be taught in schools and colleges of Italy. Anthropology, natural science, astronomy, medicine and mathematics FELL under the category of this SUBJECT. These were the reasons responsible for Italian towns to experience the ideas of humanism first. | |
| 4005. |
How was economic scenario of the Roman empire? |
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Answer» Solution :The Roman economy was underdeveloped and underachieved, as subsistenceagriculture, urban centers that consumed more than they produced in terms of TRADE and industry, low status artisans, slowly developing technology, and lack of economic rationality. Some cities were KNOWN for particular industries or commercial activities, and the scale of building in urban areas indicates a significant construction industry. Papyri preserve complex accounting methods that suggest elements of economic rationalism and the Empire was highly monetized. Although the means of communication and transport were limited in antiquity, transportation in the 1st and 2nd centuries expanded greatly, and trade ROUTES connected regional economies. Economic dynamism opened up one of the avenues of social mobility in the Roman empire. Social advancement was thus not dependent solely on birth, patronage, good luck, or even extraordinary ability. Although aristocratic values permeated traditional elite society, a strong tendency toward plutocracy is indicated by the wealth requirements for census rank. Prestige could be obtained through investing one.s wealth in ways that advertised it appropriately: grand country estates or town houses, DURABLE luxury items such as jewels and silver WARE, public entertainments, funerary monuments for family members or co-workers, and religious dedication such as altars. Guilds and corporations provided support for individuals to succeed through networking, sharing sound business practices, and willingness to work. |
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| 4006. |
Industrial Revolution with its demand for raw material and markets made nations more dependent on one another. How? |
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Answer» Solution :So FAR the progress of industry is concerned two things are essential, i.e. raw MATERIAL and market. In this situation, it is necessary to TAKE the help of other nations who are self-sufficient in it. (i) Raw Materials: For the supply of raw materials one country DEPENDS on another. Before independence, England was dependent on India for the raw materials of textile. (ii) Market: If any country produces its products, it searches its market to SELL it. For this, it depends upon another country. Their relations become closer and they become economically viable. |
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| 4007. |
What was the opinion of Karl Marx about socialism? |
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Answer» Solution :Karl Marx was a thinker and scholar as well. He is also called "the Father of Modern communism".He developed socialism on scientific lines. His ideas on socialism or communism are incorporated in .DAS Capital.. (i) According to him, capitalism is the root CAUSE of all social EVILS and hence it should be done away with. (ii) In socialism there is no place for private property. (iii) All the units of production should be nationalised. (iv) Capitalism in itself has the seeds of its own destruction. (v) Industrial workers are a FORCE which could DESTROY capitalism and establish socialism. |
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| 4009. |
Who was Michelangelo? |
| Answer» SOLUTION : Michelangelo was a great artist of Renaissance. "The Fall of the MAN" and "The Last Judgement" are considered to be the masterpieces of art throughout the world. His PAINTINGS GAVE deep interpretation to HUMAN life and humanity. | |
| 4010. |
The Umayyads sought to legitimise their rule. Explain by giving examples. |
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Answer» Solution :The UMAYYADS sought to legitimise their rule by protecting themselves as religious leaders and always appealed for unity and suppressed their rebels on the name of Islam. They too wanted to retain their social identity. (i) The Umayyad Sultan Abd-al-Malik replaced Greek and PAHLAVI with Arabic as the language of administration. Now the use of Arabic became COMPULSORY for administrative purposes. (II) He also replaced gold dinar and silver dirham circulations. (iii) Hectic BUILDING activities were undertaken that were related to the mosques and palaces. |
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| 4011. |
How had the cultural transformation occurred in the Roman world in its final centuries? |
| Answer» Solution :At the cultural level, developments in RELIGIOUS life came with the Emperor Constantine. He decided to make CHRISTIANITY the official religion with the rise of Islam in the seventh century. But there were equally important changes in the STRUCTURE of the state that began with the Emperor Diocletian (284-305), and it may be best to start with these. Over expansion had led Diocletian to .CUT back. by abandoning territories with little strategic or ECONOMIC value. | |
| 4012. |
The invention of steam power proved helpful in the industrialisation of Britain. How? |
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Answer» Solution :STEAM generates tremendous power. Power is essential for the growth of anyindustry. Water has been the major source of energy since a long time. It was just used as hydraulic power. But it had been limited only to certain AREAS, seasons and by the speed of flow of the water. Now it was used as steam. Pressure was provided by steam power at high temperatures. Mining industries and Steam Power. Firstly, steam power was used in mining industries. There was a very serious problem in mining and that was flooding. The increase of demand for coal and metals increased. Efforts were also made to obtain them from deeper mines. Thomas Savery built a model of steam engine in 1698 to drain mines. Its name was Miner.s Friend. It WORKED in shallow depth and under intense pressure. Another steam engine was built by Thomas Newcomen in 1712. It had the major effect of losing energy due to the continuous cooling of the condensing cylinder. Steam Power used in Factories. The steam engine had been only in coal mines till 1769. James Watt developed his machine in 1769. He converted the steam engine from being a mere pump into a prime mover. This machine supplied energy to power machinesin factories. Watt created the Soho FOUNDRY in Birmingham in 1775 with the help of Metthew Boulton. In this foundry Watt.s steam engines were produced in great numbers. Steam engine technology was further developed after 1800 C.E. Following factors contributed to its development: (i) The use of lighter and stronger metals. (ii) The MANUFACTURE of more accurate machine tools. (iii) The spread of better scientific knowledge. Steam engine technology was further developed with the use of higher, stronger metals. |
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| 4013. |
On the map of Western Europe mark and locate the following extent of feudalism: (i) St. Denis (ii) Bingen (iii) London (iv) Rome (v) Vienna |
Answer» SOLUTION :
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| 4014. |
How did plague affect trade and cities? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) With the expansion of trade in the 13th and 14th centuries, ships carrying goods from distant countries had started arriving in EUROPEAN ports, Rats came alongwithships carrying away the INFECTION of bubonic plague. After the outbreak of plague, cities became the hardest hit. In enclosed communities like monasteries, when one individual contracted the plague none survived. (ii) The plague took its worst TOLL AMONG infants, the young and the elderly. (iii) As the horrible impact of plague the population of Europe, 73 millions in 1300, stood reduced to 45 millions in 1400. (iv) DEPOPULATION caused the shortage of labour. Imbalance was created between agriculturalists and manufacturers. |
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| 4015. |
What do you mean by Polytheist? |
| Answer» Solution :Polytheist was the traditional religious culture of the classical world for both GREEK and Roman. It involved a MULTIPLICITY of cults that INCLUDED both Roman and Italian gods like Jupiter, Juno, Minerva and MARS, as well as numerous Greek and eastern deities worshipped in the thousands of temples, SHRINES and sanctuaries throughout the empire. Polytheists had no common name or label to describe them. | |
| 4016. |
How did the Qing dynasty try and meet the challenge posed by the Western powers? |
| Answer» Solution :The QING dynasty could not MEET the challenges POSED by the WESTERN powers. They UTTERLY failed. The Qing dynasty also demanded change in the country. But they also failed in this endeavour. | |
| 4017. |
Name the book published by Carles Darwin. When was it published and what did he argue in it? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The BOOK PUBLISHED by Carles Darwin was .On the Origin of Species.. It was published on 24 November, 1859. In it, he ARGUED about the evolution of mankind. | |
| 4018. |
What was exported to Rome by Sicily and Byzacium? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Sicily and Byzacium EXPORTED large quantities of WHEAT to ROME. | |
| 4019. |
What do you mean by Luddism? |
| Answer» Solution :Luddism was a movement led by the charismatic GENERAL Ned LUDD. Its participants demanded a minimum wage, control over the labour of women and children, job for the jobless and the RIGHT to FORM trade UNIONS so that they could legally present these demands. | |
| 4020. |
What was 'One Hundred Flowers Movement"? Why did it fail ? |
| Answer» Solution :An important DEVELOPMENT in China was the .One Hundred Flowers MOVEMENT.. It started with a SLOGAN of Mao, "Let a hundred flowers bloom", as he wanted to be seen as a leader who was open to new ideas. Some people were unhappy with the ways of communist dictatorship though it being a genuine attempt at dialogue or RECONCILIATION. When they started criticizing Mao did not tolerate this. Thus, the high sounding movement failed. | |
| 4021. |
Compare the conditions of life for a French serf and a Roman slave. |
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Answer» Solution :French Serfs: They cultivated land that mainly belonged to the lord. Most of the produce from these land was given to the lord. They also had to work that belonged EXCLUSIVELY to the land and were given no wages. They could not leave the estate without the prior permission of their master/lord and could not marry their child ACCORDING to their wishes. The lord could decide their fate. As a WHOLE their life was full of misery. ROMAN Slaves: Slavery was in a practice in Roman society. The Roman led a life full of misery. They were forced to work for several hours. They were forced to produce more children, so that when they grew up, they could also MADE slaves. |
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| 4022. |
Why was the 'Indian Reorganization' Act of 1934 considered as a landmark in the history of USA? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :This ACT is considered to be a LANDMARK in the history of USA because it gave natives the right to buy LAND and take loan. | |
| 4023. |
Why is South America also called 'Latin America'? |
| Answer» Solution :South America is also CALLED Latin America because SPANISH and Portuguese, TWO of the main languages of the continent are part of the Latin FAMILY of LANGUAGE. | |
| 4024. |
Discuss the difficulties faced by early men to get their food. |
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Answer» Solution :The early men were food-gatherers not food producers. They faced following difficulties in collecting food: (i) The danger of wild animals. (ii) Tools to hunt wild animals were not good in QUALITY. (iii) To hunt animals, they tend to be ALERT, quick and had a LOT presence of MIND. (iv) They were UNABLE to find which season the fruit ripened. |
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| 4025. |
Discuss the essential features before the Meiji restoration that made it possible for Japan to modernise rapidly. |
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Answer» Solution :The essential features before the Meiji restoration that made it possible for Japan to modernise rapidly are as follows: 1. The Meiji GOVERNMENT made a new administrative structure by altering old villages and domain boundaries. 2. The administrative unit had to have REVENUE adequate to maintain the local schools and health facilities, as well as serve as a recruitment CENTRE for the military 3. It was mandatory for the age group above twenty to do the military service. Modern military force was DEVELOPED. 4. The military and the bureaucracy were also put under the direct control of the emperor. 5. A legal system was also regulated. In all these measures, the government had to face stiff opposition. |
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| 4026. |
How had the people of Rome stabled their prosperity? |
| Answer» Solution :The PROSPERITY of individual regions rose and fell depending on how EFFECTIVELY they COULD organize the production and TRANSPORT of particular goods, and on the quality of those goods. | |
| 4027. |
Imagine that you are a Roman housewife preparing a shopping list for household requirements. What would be on the list? |
| Answer» Solution :As a ROMAN HOUSEWIFE, I would like to include the following ITEMS in my LIST, whilepreparing a shopping list for household requirements-Roman glass painting, curtains, kitchen appliances, BED sheet, cushion cover, toys, furniture and other modern appliances of daily life. | |
| 4028. |
Industrialisation has affected farming, transportation, communication and trade in many ways. How? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :Industrialisation has affected farming, transportation, communication and trade in the following ways: (i) Farming: Due to industrialisation, farming was highly affected. The demand for RAW materials grew along with the industrialisation. This demand enforced the farmers to adopt NEW methods to have more production. The new machines were invented for digging the soil, sowing and reaping. A number of farmers also became unemployed due to industrialisation. (ii) Transport: The pucca or metalled roads were built for safe and fast transportation of goods. Navigational canals were dug up to carry the goods and passengers. The steam engines were used to run railway trains. The rapid development of the means of transport made quite easy the transportation of finished goods and raw materials from one country to another. (iii) Communication: The invention of telegraphy and telephone brought revolution in the FIELD of communication as sending and receiving of messages became easier. It was much helpful in the growth of industry. (iv) Effects on Trade: The production of goods encouraged the trade. The INTERNATIONAL trade grew very fast as it was easy for any industrialised country to import raw material and export the finished goods to any part of the world. |
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| 4029. |
Who were Muslims? |
| Answer» Solution :The followers of PROPHET MUHAMMAD were called Muslims. They BELIEVED in the worship of one GOD, i.e. Allah. | |
| 4030. |
When was CCP founded ? |
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Answer» Solution :The CCP was founded in 1921 scon afterthe RUSSIAN Revolution . TheRussian success exercisea powerful influence around theworld and leaders such as Lenin and Trotsky went on to establishthe Cominter or the Third International in March 1918. It wasdone to bringabouta worldgovermentthat wouldand exploitation . TheComintern and the Sovient Union supportedCommunist parties around the world . They worked within the traditional Marxit understandingthat revolutionwould bebrought about by theworkingclass in cities. Its inital APPEAL cross national boundaries was IMMENSE . It soon becamea toolfor Sovient interest and was dissolved in 1943. Mao zedong (1893-1796) , emerged as a major CCP leader.He tooka differnet path bybasinghis revolutionary programme on the peasantry. Hissuccess made the CCP, a powerfull politicalforce thatultimatelywon against theGuomindang. Mao Zedong.s radical approach can beseen in Jiangxi , in THEMOUNTAINS, where they camped form 1928 to 1934 , secure from Guomindangattacks . A strongPeasantsCounicl (Sovinet) wasorgainsed , united through congfisaction and redistributionof land. Mao unlike otherleaders stressed the needfor an idependent goverment andarmy . He was quite aware of women.sproblems and supported the emergeneof ruralwomen.s associations. He also promulagted a new marriage law that frobade arranged marraiage , stoppedpurchase orsale of marriage contracts and simplified divorce. |
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| 4031. |
Who was marco polo? |
| Answer» Solution :MACRO polo was a GREAT Italian travellen. He WROTE his famous account "travels of MARCO Polo". | |
| 4032. |
Describe the major beliefs and practices that characterised Sufism. |
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Answer» Solution :Sufis werea GROUP of religious minded people turned to asceticism andmysticism. Their major beliefs and practices are given below : (i) The Sufis laid emphasis on seeking of salvation through devotion of God. (ii) They laid emphasis on celibacy and ignored the rituals and boserved extreme form of asceticism. (iii) They considered every one equal in the eyes of God. God is one and almighty. Everyone in the universe is his creation. (iv) They interpreted the Quran on the basis of their own experiences. (v) They maintained a distance from WORLDLY POWER. (vi) They used to go for Ziyarat. They remembered God by reciting the divine names or evoking his PRESENCE through Sama. (vii) They regarded Prophet Muhammad as perfect human being and preached to follow his teachings. (viii) Sufis were in favour of Sama, singing and dance. |
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| 4033. |
What do you know about the main teachings of Islam? |
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Answer» Solution :Main teaching of Islam : (i) Idol-worship is a curse, according to Islam. (ii) God, i.e. Allah is almighty. He is all wise and merciful. (iii) Islam believes in life after DEATH, in hell or in heaven. The sinner will go to the hell and face many HARDSHIPS. The religious and honest PEOPLE will go to the heaven. They will be served by beautiful damsels. (iv) The Quran is the divine book of Islam. The sayings of Prophet Muhammad are regarded as God. (v) All are equal No one is superior or inferior. Islam preached the principle of equality and BROTHERHOOD. (vi) There is no restriction on keeping slaves in Islam, but Muhammad asked his followers to treat them kindly. |
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| 4034. |
What do you know about Umar Khayyam? |
| Answer» Solution :UMAR Khayyan was a popular POET and astronomer. He MADE popular .Rubai., a FOUR LINE stanza. | |
| 4035. |
What did William Tyndate say in favour of Protestantism? |
| Answer» Solution :William Tyndate said that clergy had FORGED the process, order and meaning of the ancient texts particularly because it was in Greek and Latin, not accessible to the common man. It was with a view to maintain their authority above the king and even above God himself. William Tyndate even INTENDED to TRANSLATE the Bible in MOTHER TONGUE in order to lead the mass with real light. | |
| 4036. |
What do you understand by geographical discoveries? What were the main reasons behind these discoveries? |
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Answer» Solution :During this PERIOD, a number of geographical discoveries happened. The period from 1490 to 1523 is known as the golden period of geographical discoveries. South and north america were discovered during this period. They were named as the NEW world. european ships started sailing in the indian ocean and the chinese sea. Geographical Discoveries: European people were too much interested in Asia particularly about the indian goods. merchants carried their good to Mediterranean and black sea through surface route. these goods were sent through sea route from that place. the turks occupied turky and its nearby places bythe middle of 15th century. leter on, asian trade with europe came to an end. europeans were not interested in breaking the relations of trade. that is why they made an attempt to explore new routes. Copernicus and Marco polo sailed across asia. in their TRAVELOGUES, they wrote a LOT of strange stories. a lot of scientific inventions were done. copernicus asserted that the EARTH is round. this improvement is geographical knowledge gave an impetus to travel and explorations. the invention of magnetic compass helped in identifying the cardinal points. |
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| 4037. |
What was the contribution of rivers to the proliferation of London as a centre of trade? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :RIVERS HELPED in the movement of goods from the DISTANT places to the market. | |
| 4038. |
Explain the advantages that a socialist system can have over a society based on capitalism. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :Under the socialist system, all the factories, INDUSTRIES and means of production belong to state while in capitalist system all these things belongs to the private OWNERS. The socialist system can have following advantages over the capitalist system. DIFFERENCES between socialist and capitalist systems are as follows: 
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| 4039. |
What was ‘Denarius'? |
| Answer» Solution :The DENARIUS was a Roman silver coin CONTAINING about `4 1/2` GM of PURE silver. | |
| 4040. |
Name any four cities of Britain where protest movement took place against the Enclosure movement. |
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Answer» Solution :The cities were: (i) Durbyshire (ii) LANCASHIRE (III) Leicestershire (IV) Nottinghamshire |
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| 4041. |
Describe in brief the role of foreign trade in the growth of civilisation. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The foreign traders brought many factors with them. These factors mingled with the Sudanic, Hemeatic and ARAB elements. Thus, a new culture having its own distinct entity developed there. (ii) The foreign traders influenced the people of coastal regions of EAST Africa. (iii) The influence of foreign trade INTRODUCED many patterns of contructions of forts, mosques and tombs. (iv) The language .SWAHILI. was the intermixture of Bantu and Arabic LANGUAGES. |
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| 4042. |
What were the effects of Glorious Revolution? |
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Answer» Solution :Glorious Revolution occurred in England in 1688. FOLLOWING were the effects of the Glorious Revolution: (a) It ended the DESPOTIC rule of the STUART King. (b) It resulted in the formation of nation-state in England. (c ) It laid down the foundation of the independent judiciary, (d) It ESTABLISHED democracy. (e ) It marked the victory of PROTESTANTS. |
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| 4043. |
Why did Britain sign the Anglo-Japanese treaty of 1902? What was the importance of this treaty for Japan ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Britain signed the Anglo-Japanese treaty of 1902 to CHECK Russian INFLUENCE in China. By signing this treaty, Japan was also RECOGNIZED as an imperialist power. | |
| 4044. |
List the responsible factors which enabled the Umayyad to come to power. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :The Umayyad dynasty was founded by Muawiya in 661 CE. Between the years 661-750 all Caliphs were from Umayyad dynasty. Following factors enabled Umayyads to coming into power. (i) With the territorial expansion, the Umma unity was broken up. (ii) Conflicts over the distribution of resources began to incrase among the Umma. (iii) The Meccan character of the early Islamic state by Uthman, who packed his administration with his own men, to his exclusion of other tribes men, to secure greater CENTRAL. (iv) Opposition of tuber men in IRAQ and Egyp combined with opposition in Medina, led to assassination of Uthman. After his assassination Ali became the fourth Caliph. The rifts deepened and after his assassination Muwaiya successfully MADE him the next Caliph, to exclusion of Ali.s son Hussain, FOUNDING Umayyad dynasty. |
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| 4045. |
Write any two reforms initiated by America in China. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) HEAVY industries were encouraged. (ii) MODERN EDUCATION was introduced in China. |
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| 4046. |
Why had Latin and Greek languages been used in administration? |
| Answer» Solution :Many languages were spoken in the EMPIRE. But for the purpose of administration LATIN and Greek were the most widely used languages. The upper classes of the east spoke and wrote in Greek, those of the west in Latin, and the boundary between these broad LANGUAGE areas ran SOMEWHERE across the middle of the Mediterranean, between the African provinces of Tripolitania (which was Latin speaking) and Cyrenaica (Greek speaking). | |
| 4047. |
Why did the Europeans start to come and settle down in America during 19th century? Write any three reasons behind it. |
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Answer» Solution :The Europeans started to COME and settle down in America during 19th century. The possible reasons behind it were the following: (i) In France and BRITAIN the younger sons had no right to inherit their. father.s property. Therefore, they were eager to buy their own property and took keen interest to settle down in America. (ii) The FARMERS of Germany, Italy and Sweden had lost their land to big landlords. Now, they wanted to own some land and migrated to the USA in search of pasture-land. (iii) The PEOPLE of Poland also started migrating to America, because here land was available at comparatively less rates. The Polish people were quite happy to work in Prairie grasslands because it reminded them about the STEPPES to their home town. It encouraged them to buy more land here. |
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| 4048. |
Name any two inventions which inspired the sailors to sail in different directions. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) INVENTION of COMPASS. (II) Invention of TELESCOPE. |
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| 4049. |
Which factors indicate success of nation-states? |
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Answer» Solution :The FOLLOWING points indicate the SUCCESS of nation-states: • It brought an end to all forms of slavery. • NEW ideas emerged. • There was much progress in the field of agriculture, industry and trade. • It was responsible for the ESTABLISHMENT of constitutional form of GOVERNMENT in many countries. • Rise of educated people, i.e. intellectual middle class. |
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| 4050. |
What was Tithe? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :TITHE was a kind of TAX collected by the church from the peasants in FRANCE. It was 1/10th of the total produce. | |