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This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 3951. |
The late Roman bureaucracy, both the higher and middle echelons, was a comparatively affluent group because it drew the bulk of its salary in gold and invested much of this in buying up assets like land. There was of course also a great deal of corruption, especially in the judicial system and in the administration of military supplies. The extortion of the higher bureaucracy and the greed of the provincial governors were proverbial. But government intervened repeatedly to curb these forms of corruption – we only know about them in the first place because of the laws that tried to put an end to them, and because historians and other members of the intelligentsia denounced such practices. This element of 'criticism' is a remarkable feature of the classical world. The Roman state was an authoritarian regime, in other words, dissent was rarely tolerated and government usually responded to protest with violence (especially in the cities of the East where people were often fearless in making fun of emperors). Yet a strong tradition of Roman law had emerged by the fourth century, and this acted as a trake on even the most fearsome emperors. Emperors were not free to do whatever they liked, and the law was actively used to protect civil rights. That is why in the later fourth century it was possible for powerful bishops like Ambrose to confront equally powerful emperors when they were excessively harsh or repressive in their handling of the civilian population. What was the main reason of corruption in administration of the Roman Empire? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The extortion of the higher bureaucracy and the greed of the provincial GOVERNORS were the main reasons of CORRUPTION. | |
| 3952. |
Ghana is called the "land of gold" why? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Ghana is located in the north-west of UPPER course of the niger river. Ghana captured and controlled some AREAS of gold deposits in the 18TH CENTURY. After that gold became the most important item of ghana.s tade. That is why it is called the .land of gold.. | |
| 3953. |
What were cathedral towns? |
| Answer» Solution :The large church BUILDINGS built in FRANCE were called CATHEDRALS. With the passage of time, many towns FLOURISHED around the churches that were called CATHEDRAL towns. | |
| 3954. |
Describe some features of administrative structure of Arabs under the early Khalifa. |
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Answer» Solution :Features of administrative structure : (i) Arab states were headed by governors CALLED amirs and the TRIBAL chieftains called ashraf. (ii) Tax paid by the Muslims and the share obtained from the booty were the main sources of income for the central authority. (iii) The ruling class and the SOLDIERS (who participated in the raids) received their share in the booty and monthly payment. (iv) The non-Muslims residing in the Arab administration had to pay taxes. These taxes were Jaziya and Kharaj. (v) CHRISTIANS and Jews were declared as protected citizens. Both were given AUTONOMY in conduction communal affairs. |
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| 3955. |
Who had established the regime in 27 BCE? |
| Answer» Solution :The regime was established by AUGUSTUS in 27 BCE. He was the first EMPEROR in 27BCE. | |
| 3956. |
Who was Arnold Toynbee? |
| Answer» Solution :Arnold Toynbee was a well-known PHILOSOPHER and ECONOMIST. He wrotea book NAMED "LECTURES on the Industrial Revolution in England". | |
| 3957. |
Go through the chapter carefully and pick out some basic features of Roman society and economy which you think make it look quite modern. |
| Answer» Solution :We found that in Roman society women were quite financially independent in spite of getting married but got share of property from her natal HOUSE. It was the main feature of Roman society. This feature shows us that women were holding a STRONG status in the society. Another modern feature, we found from Roman economy was that there were very strong trading RELATIONS from ACROSS the Roman empire.s provinces, which shows that Roman economy was ALSO very strong and provided the revenue to its government. | |
| 3958. |
Mention the specific period in the history of the world that exhibits confrontation of cultures. |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The period between the FIFTEENTH and seventeenth CENTURIES EXHIBITS confrontation of cultures. | |
| 3959. |
What do documentary sources include? |
| Answer» Solution :Documentary SOURCES INCLUDE MAINLY INSCRIPTIONS and papyrus. | |
| 3960. |
What do you know about Red-Indians? |
| Answer» Solution :Red-Indians, i.e., BROWN COMPLEX people is the name GIVEN to the people living in the island of Guanhani in the BAHAMAS. | |
| 3961. |
Give examples of the cosmopolitan character of the states set up by Arabs, Iranians and Turks. |
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Answer» SOLUTION :Examples of the COSMOPOLITAN character of the states sep up by Arabs, Iranians and TURKS : (i) The VAST Arab empire was inhabited by the people of multi cultural identities, i.e. the Muslims, the Christians and the Jews. (ii) The Iranian empire WITNESSED for the development of Muslim and Asian culture. (iii) In Turkish empire, the Egyptian, Iranian, Syrian and Sudanian culture developed simultaneously. |
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| 3962. |
Discuss some revolts that had taken place from 233s, simultaneously after the decline of the Roman empire. |
| Answer» Solution :The Iranian ruler claimed that he had annihilated a Roman army of 60,000 and even captured the eastern capital of Antioch. MEANWHILE, a whole series of Germanic tribes or RATHER tribal confederacies (most notably, the Alamanni, the Franks and the Goths) BEGAN to move against the Rhine and Danube frontiers, and the whole period from 233 to 280 saw repeated invasions of a whole line of provinces that stretched from the Black Sea to the Alps and southern Germany. | |
| 3963. |
When and by whom was "Declaration of Indian Rights" prepared? What was its significance? |
| Answer» Solution :In 1954, "Declaration of Indian Rights" was PREPARED by the US NATIVES. It is significant because it was thought that they will assert their right to their own CULTURE. | |
| 3964. |
What was the literacy rate in the Roman Empire? |
| Answer» Solution :It is certain that rate of literacy was casual and VARIED greatly between different partsof the empire. Literacy was widespread among certain CATEGORIES such as soldiers, army officers and estate MANAGERS. | |
| 3965. |
Who was Thomas Newcomen? |
| Answer» Solution :Thomas Newcomen DESIGNED steam engine. He designed it in the YEAR 1712. | |
| 3966. |
Which sources enable us to understand the history of early humans? |
| Answer» Solution :The sources which enable us UNDERSTAND the HISTORY of EARLY HUMANS are stone TOOLS, fossils, etc. | |
| 3967. |
Writeyour argument to justify the following statement : ''Prophet Muhammad laid down the foundation of a new political structure.'' |
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Answer» Solution :Prophet Muhammad laid down the foundation of a new political structure as : (i) He replaced the tribal organisation with a STATE. The state was encompassed with a number of tribes. (ii) Umma constituted the armed FORCES. (iii) He was a religious leader as well as a law-giver. (iv) His followers (The Umma) were converted into a wide community to include polytheists and Jews of Madina. (v) The conquest of Mecca ESTABLISHED him both as a religious as well as political leader. (vi) He maintained the independence of the state by fixing the BOOTY to `1"/"15th` (which directly went to him). (vii) Tax like .Zakat. was imposed on tribes who had accepted Muhammad.s leadership. All Muslim tribes had to pay it. (viii) With his efforts and influence, he was able to CONVERT many Bedouins into Islam. In a short span of time, he was able to unite a large part of peninsula. |
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| 3968. |
How was labour treated in the Roman empire under Augustus reign? |
| Answer» Solution :During the reign of AUGUSTUS, there were still 3 million SLAVES in a total Italian population of 7.5 million. Slaves were an investment, and landowners used them in perspective where too many might be required or where their health could be damaged. These CONSIDERATIONS were not based on any sympathy for the slaves but on hard economic calculation. On the other hand, if the ROMAN upper classes were often brutal towards their slaves, ordinary people did sometimes show much more compassion. | |
| 3969. |
There was huge growth of commerce and trade in Europe. What were its results? |
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Answer» Solution :The results of growth of commerce and trade may be summed up in the FOLLOWING ways: (i) In the discovered lands, the EUROPEANS set up their colonies. LATER on they were used as markets. (ii) Large companies were established for trade increased the number of members of European middle CLASS. they played an important role in the politics of the continent. (iv) As a RESULT of the growth of trade and commerce, Europeans prospered a lot. |
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| 3970. |
What had the students in universities to do prior to the starting of printing? |
| Answer» Solution : Before the START of printing, the students had to read a few hand written copies or texts of MANUSCRIPT. It was very difficult to MAKE available every student a copy of that text. | |
| 3971. |
What sort of reforms through laws were made by the British government to improve the condition of workers? What were the weaknesses of these measures? |
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Answer» Solution :The reforms through laws made by the British government were as follows: 1. Act of 1819: In 1819, laws were passed. It prohibited the employment of children under the age of nine in factories. It limited the hours of work of those between the age of 9 and 16 to 12 hours a day. 2. Act of 1833: Under the Act of 1833, children under the age of nine were permitted to be employed only in silk factories. This act also limited the hours of work for older children. A number of Factory Inspectors Act were also employed to ensure that the Act was enforced. 3. Ten Hours Bill: In 1847, the Ten Hours Bill was passed. This bill limited the hours of work for women and children and secured a ten-hour day for male workers. 4. The Mines Commission of 1842: The Mines Commission was set up in 1842. This commission revealed that working conditions in mines had become worst, because more children had been PUT to work in coal mines. 5. The Mines and COLLIERIES Act of 1842: The Mines and Collieries Act of 1842 banned children under ten and women from working in underground mines. 6. Fielder.s Factory Act of 1847 : In this act, it was laid down that children under eighteen and women should not work more than ten hours a day. The weaknesses of the these MEASURES were as follows: 1. It was the duty of factory inspectors to enforce the factory laws. But the inspectors were POORLY paid and easily bribed by factory managers. 2. Parents lied about the real ages of their children, so that they could work and contribute to family incomes. |
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| 3972. |
Compare the Venetian idea of good government with those in contemporary France |
| Answer» Solution :Venice was an Italian CITY. This city was free from the influence of the church and feudal lords. In Venice, bankers and RICH merchants played a significant ROLE while there was absolute monarchy in France. In France, common people were deprived of their rights. | |
| 3973. |
Which factors were responsible for the widening of European skills? |
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Answer» Solution :Following factors were responsible for the widening of European skills: • ARCHAEOLOGICAL discoveries • NEW technologies of navigation • CLASSICAL consideration of Rome and Greece • Expansion of Islam and the Mongol conquests • OPPORTUNITY to learn from India, Arabia, Iran, Central Asia and CHINA |
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| 3974. |
What were the two remarkable achievements of the Mayas? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :(i) The Mayas had good knowledge of mathematics. They used a special SIGN for zero. (ii) They devised a pictographic FORM of WRITING. |
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| 3975. |
Which languages were used for administrative purposes in the early empire of Roman civilization? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :For the PURPOSE of ADMINISTRATION, Latin and GREEK were the most WIDELY used languages. | |
| 3976. |
What were the reasons for the weaknesses of Abbasid state in 9th century? (Write any two reasons). |
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Answer» SOLUTION :The REASONS for the weaknesses of the Abbasid state in 9th century were : (i) Their control over the distant province began to decline. (II) The continuous CONFLICT between Pro-Arab and Pro-Iranian groups in bureaucracy LED to their weaknesses also. |
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| 3977. |
Japan was considered rich. Why? |
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Answer» Solution :Japan was considered rich because of the following: (i) Japan imported luxury goods like silk from China and TEXTILES from India. (ii) IMPORTS of gold and silver STRAINED the economy. It led Tokugawa to impose restrictions on the export of precious metals. (iii) Japanese also took steps to develop the silk industry in Nishijin in Kyoto. It was done to reduce imports. The silk of Nishijin is considered to be the best in the world. (iv) Increased use of money and the creation of a stock market show that the economy was developing at FAST PACE. |
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| 3978. |
What do you understand by 'Chinampas' of the Aztecs? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Chinampas were the artificial island in mexico lake. It was MADE by the aztecs by weaving huge REED mats and COVERING them with mud and plants. | |
| 3979. |
What do you know about Gold Rush? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The Europeans were quite optimistic about gold in North America. In the 1840S, TRACES of gold were found in the USA. They created a MAD race among the Europeans to enter America in the hope of making good fortune. They just wanted to obtain gold to control over the deposits of gold. This race among the Europeans is CALLED Gold Rush. | |
| 3980. |
Discuss the extend to which: (a) hunting and (b) constructing shelters would have been facilitated by the use of language. What other modes of communication could have been used for these activities? |
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Answer» Solution :(a) Use of language helped hunting ACTIVITIES of human beings in numerous ways: (i) Now people are in POSITION of organizing and managing hunting expeditions. (ii) They are now free to exchange their ideas about different animals in different regions. (iii) They could now discuss the nature and behaviour of animals. (iv) They could now discuss regarding the types of tools to be used. (b) Language helped in constructing shelters for early humans in the following ways: (i) Now people could discuss regarding secure and safe places for the construction of shelters. (ii) Now people could gather information about the materials used in the construction of shelter. (iii) Information regarding resources in and around their surroundings can be easily obtained. (iv) They were now in a position to discuss the MEANS to protect their shelters in SEVERE conditions. Other modes: Sings, symbols, cave paintings, engraving on WALLS and on the ceilings of caves were the other modes of communication used for various activities. |
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| 3981. |
What did the 'frontier' mean to the Americans? |
| Answer» Solution :The conquest and purchase of land by the Americans resulted in the extension of boundaries. The NATIVES of AMERICA were compelled to move ACCORDINGLY. The boundary where natives reached was KNOWN as .Frontier.. | |
| 3982. |
Describe the distribution of agricultural land in the conquered territories by the Arabs from the aspect of ownership. |
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Answer» Solution :The Arabs mainly practised agriculture in the territories conquered by them. The Islamic states did not make any changes in it. Both SMALL as well as the large land-owners were the owners of the land. In some cases the land was also owned by the state. In Iran, the land was divided into very LARGER UNITS, cultivated by peasants. Estate owners were given the responsibility of land revenue collection on behalf of the state during the Sassanian and Islamic PERIODS. Land was a common property. In villages, peoplepractised both nomadic and settled agriculture. After Islamic conquests some changes began to take place. Big estate acquired by the state began to abandon by their land owners. Now they were handed over to the Muslim ELITES, especially to those who were the members of Caliph.s family. |
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| 3983. |
What were the social effects of the Industrial Revolution on England? |
| Answer» Solution :The population increased. It resulted in the destruction of OLD family NORMS. Due to Industrial REVOLUTION, the urbanisation of ENGLAND HAPPENED at fast pace. | |
| 3984. |
What had occurred after Prophet Muhammad's death by 642? |
| Answer» Solution :By 642, BARELY ten years after Prophet Muhammad.s death, large parts of both the Eastern Roman and Sasanian empires had fallen to the Arabs in a series of confrontations. Though, those conquests, which EVENTUALLY a century later EXTENDED upto Spain, Sind and Central Asia, began in fact with the subjection of the Arab tribes by the emerging ISLAMIC STATE, first within Arabia and then in the Syrian desert on the fringes of Iraq. | |
| 3985. |
On the map of Australia mark and locate the following: (i) Perth(ii) Sydney(iii) Adelaide(iv) Darwin(v) Melbourne(vi) Canberra |
Answer» SOLUTION :
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| 3986. |
What was Papyrus? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The .Papyrus. was a reed-like plant that grew along the bank of the river NILE in Egypt and was PROCESSED to PRODUCE a writing material that is paper. | |
| 3987. |
What were the dietary habits of Hadza group? |
| Answer» Solution :The DIETARY HABITS of Hadza GROUP included WILD tubes, MEAT and honey. | |
| 3988. |
Mention the names of two Qing reformers. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Kang Youwei. (ii) Liang Qichao They PLAYED an important role in establishing a MODERN administrative SYSTEM, new army and an educational system. They also established local assemblies to ESTABLISH constitutional GOVERNMENT. |
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| 3989. |
What did the history of Islamic world bring together? |
| Answer» Solution :The history of ISLAMIC world BROUGHT TOGETHER three aspects of HUMAN civilisation polities, religion and community. | |
| 3990. |
On the given map, mark and locate the extent of the U.S.A . |
Answer» SOLUTION :
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| 3991. |
What are 'Genus'? Name two important genus of Hominids. |
| Answer» Solution :Hominids are divided into DIFFERENT branches. They are KNOWN as genuis. TWO different genus of Hominids are Australopithecus and Homo. | |
| 3992. |
What do you mean by Renaissance? From where did it start? |
| Answer» Solution :The meaning of RENAISSANCE is rebirth. It is a French word. It GAVE a new dimension to art and culture and created awareness AMONG the people. It started from Italy. | |
| 3993. |
What was the status of father in Roman families? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :FATHER had SUBSTANTIAL LEGAL control over their children. | |
| 3994. |
The fossils of which Homo heidelbergensis have been widely distributed and where they are found? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The fossils of Homo heidelbergensis have been widely distributed. They are FOUND in DIFFERENT parts of AFRICA, Asia and Europe. | |
| 3995. |
Describe in brief the incident, which helped in making of paper in Samarqand. |
| Answer» Solution :In 751, the MUSLIM governor of Samarqand took nearly 20,000 Chinese INVADERS into his captivity and brought them to Samarqand. Some of these prisoners were good at making paper. They HELPED in the making of paper in Samarqand. | |
| 3996. |
Why did the movement break out against the Catholic Church? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :The movement broke out against the CATHOLIC Church DUE to the following reasons: • The Catholics were closely related with the king and power for many centuries. • They PREFERRED a life full of luxury. • Their life was completely different from common man. • The Catholics were regarded more as the representatives of king than God as they had the power of extracting taxes. • Because of such powers, they became unscrupulous which finally LED to revolt by common man. |
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| 3997. |
Discuss the various reasons behind discoveries of new routes and New lands. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Missionary Zeal:The Christian Missionaries were inspired to discover new lands to spread their religion. (ii) Renaissance: The curiosity to achieve difficult targets made the men voyage loving and adventurous. (iii) Invention of Mariner.s compass: It made the SAILORS CONFIDENT that they would not lose the way in bad weather and prompted them to EXPLORE and lands. (iv) Craze for Trade: When TURKEY captured CONSTANTINOPLE and the old trade route, the enthusiastic traders did not lose hope. they set out to discover new routes. |
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| 3998. |
Which factors were responsible for contributing unity among Islamic society between 950-1200 CE? |
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Answer» Solution :The following contributed to the unity of Islamic society between 950-1200 CE : (i) These societies were bound together by common cultural and economic patterns. (ii) The state was separated from the society. (III) The Persian developed as a common language which brought the people together. (iv) Merchants, artists and SCHOLARS all moved freely within the Central Islamic land, which led to circulation of new ideas and thoughts. The population of Muslim began to increase enormously. It was earlier less than 10% under the Umayyad and early Abbasid period. |
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| 3999. |
What do you mean by Conquistadores? |
| Answer» Solution :Conquistadores MEAN the SPANISH conquerors and their SOLDIERS, who ESTABLISHED their EMPIRES in the New world. | |
| 4000. |
Write in brief about the contribution of the Arab civilisation to the world in the field of science. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) The Arab astronomers proved that earth is round and it revolves round the sun. (ii) They discovered compounds like sodium carbonate, silver nitrate, nitric and SULPHURIC acids. (iii) In the FIELD of mathematics, they excelled in numbers and trigonometry. They spread this KNOWLEDGE to other parts of the world. (IV) Two great Arab physicians Al-Razi and Ibn Sina told about small-pox and tuberculosis. |
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