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Intrapreneur is one who thinks and acts like an entrepreneur for the firm’s development during the course of employment in an organisation.

The goals are achieved with the help of motivation. Motivation includes increasing the speed of performance of a work and developing a willingness on the part of workers. This is done by a resourceful leader. The workers expect, favourable climate conditions to work, fair treatment, monetary or non-monetary incentive, effective communication and gentleman approach.

"This Constitution may be called the Constitution of India". This short title is contained in Article 393 of the Constitution.

It is passed by both the Houses and assented to by the President

India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of State

Socialist and Secular added to the Preamble to the Constitution of India by the Constitution (Forty- Second Amendment) Act, 1976?

The Rajya Sabha is dissolved  every five years

India, according to the Preamble to the Constitution, is a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic

(i) General Crossing 

(ii) Special Crossing

• General Crossing: “Where a cheque bears across its face an addition of the words “ an company” or any abbreviation there of, between to parallel transverse lines or of two parallel transverse line simply either with or without the words “Not negotiable” that addition shall be deemed a crossing and the cheque shall be deemed to be crossed generally”.
• Special Crossing: “ Where a cheque bears across its face an addition of the name of a banker with or without the words “Not Negotiable”, that addition shall be deemed a crossing and the cheque shall be deemed to be crossed specially and to be crossed to that banker”.

For moving a resolution to remove the Speaker from his office, a prior notice of at least fourteen days has to be given.

Professional entrepreneur is one who is having a rich expertise in starting a venture but lack interest in continuing the venture as a manager or as a owner. He/she simply sells out the venture started by him to someone else after its successful take-off.

There are certain matters specified in the Companies Act, 2013 which may be discussed at a general meeting only if a special notice is given at least 14 days before the meeting. The intention to propose any resolution must be notified to the company. 

The following matters require special notice before they are discussed in the meeting:-

• To appoint an auditor, a person other than a retiring auditor
• To provide expressly that a retiring Auditor shall not be reappointed
• To remove a director before the expiry of his period of office
• To appoint a director in the place of a director so removed

Management By Exception is an important principle of managerial control suggested by the classical writers on management. It is based on the belief that an attempt to control everything results in controlling nothing. Management by exception is a style of business management that focuses on identifying and handling cases that deviate from the norm.

• Human resource exhibits innovation and creativity. 
• Human resource alone can think, act, analyse and interpret.
• Human resources are emotional beings.
• Human resources can be motivated either financially or non-financially.
• The behaviour of human resources are unpredictable.
• Over years human resources gains value and appreciates.
• Human resources are movable. 
• Human resource can work as a team.

Earning per share = \(\cfrac{profit\,available\,for \, Equity\,shareholder}{Number\,of\,equity\,share}\)

= \(\cfrac{Rs.\,1.75.000}{Rs\,70,000}\) = Rs 2.50

The dynamic items that can be marketed are listed below: 

Goods

Services 

Experiences 

Events 

Persons 

Places 

Properties 

Organisations 

Information 

Ideas

The Span of Management has two implications: 

• Influences the complexities of the individual manager’s job. 
• Determine the shape or configuration of the organisation. 
• There is a wide and a narrow span of management.

Treasury Bills are issued to the public and other financial institutions for meeting the short-term financial requirements of the Central Government. Treasury Bills may be classified into three. 

They are:

• 91 days Treasury Bills
• 182 days Treasury Bills and 
• 64 days Treasury Bills 34.

The financial market provides financial assistance to individuals, agricultural sectors, industrial sectors, service sectors, financial institutions like banks, insurance sectors, provident funds and the government as a whole. With the help of the financial market all the above stated individuals, institutions and the Government can get their required funds in time. Through the financial market the institutions get their short term as well as long term financial assistance. It leads to overall economic development.

• An in-the-money (ITM) option would lead to a positive cash flow to the holder if it were exercised immediately. A call option on the index is said to be in the-money when the current index stands at a level higher than the strike price (i.e. spot price > strike price).
• An at-the-money (ATM) option would lead to zero cash flow if it were exercised immediately. An option on the index is at-the-money when the current index equals the strike price (i.e. spot price = strike price).
•  An out-of-the-money (OTM) option would lead to a negative cash flow if it were exercised immediately. A call option on the index is out-of-the money when the current index stands at a level which is less than the strike price (i.e. spot price < strike price).

Mutual Funds do not provide assured returns. Their returns are linked to their performance. They invest in shares, debentures, bonds etc. All these investments involve an element of risk.

Some of the Risk to which Mutual Funds are exposed to is given below:

Market risk: If the overall stock or bond markets fall on account of overall economic factors, the value of stock or bond holdings in the fund’s portfolio can drop, thereby impacting the fund performance

Non-market risk: Bad news about an individual company can pull down its stock price, which can negatively affect fund holdings

Interest rate risk: Bond prices and interest rates move in opposite directions. When interest rates rise, bond prices fall and this decline in underlying securities affects the fund negatively.

Credit risk: Bonds are debt obligations. So when the funds invest in corporate bonds, they run the risk of the corporate defaulting on their interest and principal payment obligations.

Broker is a commission agent. He acts as an intermediary between buyers and sellers of securities. He charges a commission for his services from both the parties.

Remiser is an agent of a member of a stock exchange. He obtains business for his principal i.e. the member.

Human Resource Management is a function of management concerned with hiring, motivating and maintaining people in an organisation. It focuses on people in an organisation.

Characteristics of a Promissory Note: 

• A promissory note must be in writing. 
• The promise to pay must be unconditional. 
• It must be signed by the maker.

Mentoring is the process of sharing knowledge and experience of an employee. The focus in this training is on the development of attitude of trainees. It is mostly used for managerial employees.

“A person whose duties include the identification of the goods and services desired by a set of consumers, as well as the marketing of those goods and services on behalf of a company”.

“E-Marketing is achieving marketing objectives through use of digital technologies like Internet, world wide web, e-mail, wireless media, and management of digital customer data and electronic customer management systems.

Privatization is the incidence or process of transferring ownership of a business enterprise, agency or public service from the government to the private sector.

Douglas landed inside the pool in a sitting position, swallowed water and went at once to the bottom of the YMCA pool. On the way down he planned that once his feet would hit the bottom he would make a big jump to come out.

Following points of distinction between capital expenditure and revenue expenditure : 

(a) Capital expenditure increases earning capacity of business whereas revenue expenditure is incurred to maintain the earning capacity. 

(b) Capital expenditure is incurred to acquire fixed assets for operation of business whereas revenue expenditure is incurred on day-to-day conduct of business. 

(c) Revenue expenditure is generally recurring expenditure and capital expenditure is non-recurring by nature. 

(d) Capital expenditure benefits more than one accounting year whereas revenue expenditure normally benefits one accounting year.

Correct option: (d) Ctrl + x