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 In S.D signs are ignored

 Type of bar diagram is  Sub divided diagram

(b) Variance

The algebraic sum of deviations of values of a variable from its arithmetic mean is 0.

The value of a variant that occurs most often is called mode.

Measures of central tendency is also known as measures of central location.

Short cut method for calculating arithmetic mean also known as Assumed mean method 

 By definition of randomness, each  Possible entity has the same chance of being considered. 

The two values which determine a class are known as class limits. First or the smaller one is known as lower limit (L₁) and the greater one is known as upper limit  (L₂)

Standard deviation of a series can have minimum value of Zero.

 (c) Standard deviation

 Standard deviation is non negative.

(a) Karl Pearson

When the data are classified into more than two classes according to more than one attribute, it is called manifold classification.

d. selection of price

d. All of these

Q . D is Capable of more algebraic treatment

Relation between arithmetic mean, geometric mean and harmonic mean can be given by - 

(i) X > g > h                      and                      (ii) g² = X.h.            

While calculating arithmetic mean, the bigger values are given more weightage than the small values, whereas in harmonic mean the smaller values are given much more weightage than to the larger values. Therefore, arithmetic mean is greater than geometric mean and geometric mean is greater than harmonic mean. 

Classification is the process of arranging data into various groups, classes and sub-classes according to some common characteristics of separating them into different but related parts. Main objectives of Classification :-

(i) To make the data easy and precise 

(ii) To facilitate comparison 

(iii) Classified facts expose the cause-effect relationship. 

(iv) To arrange the data in proper and systematic way 

(v) The data can be presented in a proper tabular form only. 

Essentials of an Ideal Classification :- 

(i) Classification should be so exhaustive and complete that every individual unit is included in one or the other class. 

(ii) Classification should be suitable according to the objectives of investigation. 

(iii) There should be stability in the basis of classification so that comparison can be made. 

(iv) The facts should be arranged in proper and systematic way. 

(v) Data should be classified according to homogeneity. 

(vi) It should be arithmetically accurate.

Measures of dispersion are statistical devices to measure the Variability in a series

index numbers  is a ratio that measures how much a variable has changed over a time. 

Variability in the distribution of earth and income is generally measures in terms of Mean Deviation

When an observation in the sata is 0 then its geometric mean is zero. 

Base year is such a year with which the changes in the current year are compared. Base year should be normal year from every aspect and it should not be affected by war, famines, inflation etc.

Base year should not be too old. The index for base period is always taken as 100.

In fixed base method, the year selected for construction of index numbers remains constant for all times and the base shall remain fixed. 

While in chain base method the base year is changed every year, generally preceding year and not fixed year

Quality is not a kind of index number 

25 percentage of values of a series are less than Q_1. 

Index numbers are expressed in Percentage.

A lock cut in a factory for a month is allocated with the component of time series is  irregular movement.

The Time series analysis helps to understanding past behavior and evaluating current program.

Fishers index number is called Ideal index number.

Price relative is the ratio of the price of a certain commodity at the current.  

The Correct option is (d) None

d. All of these

Laspeyre’s and  Paashe’s index number formula do not satisfy time reversal test. 

d. All of these

d. All the above

a. symmetric

 A sample is a portion of the  Total   population that is considered for study and analysis.

S.P = 85% of Rs 80.40 = Rs {(85/100)*80.40} = Rs 68.34.

Commodities which shows considerable price fluctuations could be best measured by a quantity index.

moving average is a series of arithmetic mean of values of a sequence of fixed number of years. 

C.P = Rs.490, S.P= 465.50. 

loss = Rs.(490-465.50) = Rs 24.50.

loss%=[(24.50/490)*100]%=5%

SP =20% of Rs 56.25 ,= Rs {(120/100)*56.25} = Rs 67.50.

b. weighted formula 

Fishers index satisfies circular test. 

Consumer price index reflects on the price change experienced by families of people.

Range is used in quality control.

Statistics does not study  Individual cases.