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The consumption function or propensity to consume refers to income consumption relationship. It is a “functional relationship between two aggregates viz., total consumption and gross national income.” Symbolically, the relationship is represented as C = f (Y) Where, C = Consumption; Y Income; f = Function

Thus the consumption function indicates a functional relationship between C and Y, where C is the dependent variable and Y is the independent variable, i.e., C is determined by Y. This relationship is based on the ceteris paribus (other things being same) assumption, as only income consumption relationship is considered and all possible influences on consumption are held constant

Mikir hills is located at Assam. 

Net National Product refers to the value of the net output of the economy during the year. NNP is obtained by deducting the value of depreciation, or replacement allowance of the capital assets from the GNP. It is expressed as, NNP = GNP – depreciation allowance.

1. Trade is one of the powerful forces of economic integration. 

2. The term ‘trade’ means exchange of goods, wares or merchandise among people.

The life expectancy in India during the British rule was 32 years. Now it is near about 50-55 minimum.

Gross domestic product (GDP) is the total monetary or market value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period. As a broad measure of overall domestic production, it functions as a comprehensive scorecard of a given country's economic health.

The national highway no.2 joins Delhi with Kolkata.

The following are the some of the statistical problems: 

1. Accurate and reliable data are not adequate, as farm output in the subsistence sector is not completely 

2. informed. In animal husbandry, there are no authentic production data available. 

3. Different languages, customs, etc., also create problems in computing estimates. 

4. People in India are indifferent to the official inquiries. They are in most cases non-cooperative also. 

5. Most of the statistical staff are untrained and inefficient.

Types of unemployment: 

1. Cyclical Unemployment 

2. Seasonal Unemployment 

3. Frictional Unemployment 

4. Educated Unemployment

5. Technical Unemployment 

6. Structural Unemployment 

7. Disguised Unemployment

The correct answer is Ajodhya Hills.

• Gorgaburu is the second highest peak (677 m) of Ajodhya Hills.
• It is located in Purulia district in West Bengal.
• Chamtaburu is the highest peak (712 m) of Ajodhya Hill.
  • It is the easternmost part of the Chhotanagpur Plateau and an extended part of the Eastern Ghats range.
• Susunia hill (448 m) is located in Bankura district in West Bengal.
  • It is also the range of Chota Nagpur Plateau.
• Joychandi Hill is located in Raghunathpur, Purulia district, West Bengal.
• Mama Bhagne Hill is located near Dubrajpur town of district Birbhum in West Bengal.

The Suez Canal was important to the British because of the fact that they had such a large overseas empire. By the time that the canal was built, the most important part of their empire was India. The Suez Canal made it much easier for them to transport goods to and from India.  it is the shortest trade link between Europe and countries on the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Because the majority of the world's goods are transported via sea, the Suez Canal greatly reduces the time and cost of transporting goods.

1. Reduction in Inequalities: No one is allowed to own and use private property to exploit others. 

2. Rational Allocation of Resources: The central planning authority allocates the resources in a planned manner. Wastages are minimised and investments are made in a pre planned manner. 

3. Absence of Class Conflicts: As inequalities are minimum, there is no conflict between rich and poor class. Society functions in a harmonious manner. 

4. End of Trade Cycles: Planning authority takes control over production and distribution of goods and services. Therefore, economic fluctuations can be avoided. 

5. Promotes Social Welfare: Absence of exploitation, reduction in economic inequalities, avoidance of trade cycles and increase in productive efficiency help to promote social welfare.

Gaddi tribe is found in Himachal Pradesh. 

Marginal Propensity to Consume: The marginal propensity to consume may be defined as the ratio of the change in the consumption to the change in income. Algebraically it may be expressed as under:

MPC = ΔC/ ΔY

Where, ΔC = Change in Consumption; ΔY = Change in Income

MPC is positive but less than unity, 0 < ΔC/ ΔY < 1

The correct answer is Terai and Dooars.

• Dooars and Terai are plains in the foothills of the eastern Himalayas in northeast India and the major portion of it lies in the state of West Bengal in India.
• Dooars politically constitutes the plains of Darjeeling district, the whole of Jalpaiguri District, the upper region of Cooch Behar district in West Bengal.
• The Terai “low-lying land at the foot of the Himalayas”.
• Wildlife sanctuaries and national parks in this region are like the Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary, Buxa National Park, Gorumara National Park, Chapramari Wildlife Reserve, and the Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary in West Bengal.

• The Ganges Brahmaputra Delta, also named Ganges Delta, Sunderban Delta, or Bengal Delta is situated in Asia where the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers discharge into the Bay of Bengal.
  • The area of this delta is 100.000 km², the world's largest Delta. Approximately two-thirds of the delta is in Bangladesh, the rest constitutes the state of West Bengal, India.

Tribe in India has highest number of population Gond. 

Gold Standard is a system in which the value of the monetary unit or the standard currency is directly linked with gold. The monetary unit is defined in terms of a certain weight of gold. The purchasing power of a unit of money is maintained equal to the value of a fixed weight of gold.

1. Public revenue occupies an important place in the study of public finance. 

2. The Government has to perform several functions for the welfare of the people. 

3. They involve substantial amount of public expenditure which can be financed only through public revenue. 

4. The amount of public revenue to be raised depends on the necessity of public expenditure and the people’s ability to pay.

The author of the book Anthropogeography is Ratzel.

The correct answer is Murshidabad.

• The Ganges enters West Bengal near Rajmahal and then flows in a southeasterly direction.
• It divides into two near north of Dhulian in Murshidabad district.
• One branch enters Bangladesh as the Padma while the other flows through West Bengal as the Bhagirathi River and Hooghly River in a southern direction.
• The Bhagirathi is the main river in West Bengal which flows past some of the important cities like Murshidabad, Baharampur, Nabadwip, Chinsura, Chandannagar, Srirampur, Howrah, Kolkata, Diamond Harbour, and Haldia. It releases its water into the Bay of Bengal near Sagar Island in the South 24 Parganas.

• Ganga Basin including Sundarban Area (74,732 km²).
• Brahmaputra Basin (11,860 km²).

International Trade refers to the trade or exchange of goods and services between two or more countries. In other words, it is a trade among different countries or trade across political boundaries. It is also called as ‘external trade’ or ‘foreign trade’ or ‘inter-regional trade’.

Census is conducted in India, at interval of 10 Years. 

The correct answer is Ostrich.

• Ostrich:
  • The largest and heaviest living bird is the North African ostrich.
  • Males can be up to 9 feet tall and can weigh up to 345 pounds, and when fully grown they have one of the most advanced immune systems of any animal.
  • South Africa was the first country to use the commercial potential of ostrich products.
  • The creature is valuable not only for their large soft white feathers but also for their meat and their skins.

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• Albatross:
  • Albatrosses are very large seabirds in the family Diomedeidae.
  • They range widely in the Southern Ocean and the North Pacific.
• Emu:
  • The emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) is the second-largest living bird by height, after its ratite relative, the ostrich.
  • It is endemic to Australia where it is the largest native bird.
• Peacock:
  • Peacocks are ground feeders that eat insects, plants, and small creatures.
  • There are two familiar peacock species.
    • The blue peacock lives in India and Sri Lanka,
    • While the green peacock is found in Java and Myanmar (Burma).

The correct answer is Mayurakshi River.

• Mayurakshi originates from the high lands of Santhal Parganas.
  • It is the main river of the Birbhum district. Several spill channels – the Manikarnika, Kana Mor, Gambhira, etc.
  • All these rivers flow into the lower pocket of Hijal Beel in the district of Murshidabad.

• The Teesta river of North Bengal originates in the glaciers of North Sikkim at an altitude of 6400 m and outfalls into the Brahmaputra in the Rangpur district of Bangladesh. It is formed by the union of two streams.
  • Lachen and Lachung at Chungthung in Sikkim.
  • It enters West Bengal at Rangpoo and up to Mechi, it forms the boundary between West Bengal and Sikkim.
  • Two of its tributaries-Great Rangit and Rammam also serve as the natural boundary between the two states.
• The river Torsa originates in the Chumbi Valley of southern Tibet at an altitude of 7065 m.
  • It flows through Tibet, Bhutan, West Bengal, and Bangladesh.
  • The river passes by the Coochbehar town and is joined by rivers Kaljani and Raidak-I.
  • The combined flow outfalls into the Brahmaputra near Nageswari at Rangpur in Bangladesh.
• Matla river can be seen around in Sundarbans, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal.

ASEAN was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok by the five original member countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.

Mediterranean Agriculture of farming citrus fruits are mainly grown.

Brazil is a member of ASEAN.

The correct answer is Lucknow.

• Lucknow is situated on the bank of Gomati River. 
• Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh.
• Gomati River is the tributary of the river Ganga, originates from Gomat Taal in the Pilibhit district of Uttar Pradesh.
• It is the only tributary of Ganga which originates from land.

• Ganga is longest river of India, about 2500 km long.
• River Ganga is declared as Nation River of India by Government of India in 2008.
• The confluence of Bhagirathi and Alaknanda at Devprayag in Uttarkhand is said to be the upper phase of Ganga.
• Bhagirathi originates from Gangotri glacier at Gomukh and Alaknanda originates from Santopath glacier.
• Although Alaknanda is longer than Bhagirathi, instead of that Gangotri is considered to be the origin of River Ganga.
• Ganga is considered to be the most sacred river by Hindus.
• The self purification property of river Ganga is due to the presence of a virus know as Bacteriophage.

•  Patna, Prayagraj, and Kanpur is situated on the bank of river Ganga.

The correct answer is Bharuch.

• Broach is also the former name of Bharuch.
• In the mouth of the river Narmada, the city of Bharuch is located in Gujarat.
• Bharuch district's administrative headquarter is Bharuch.
• Shipbuilding activity was done in Bharuch from older times.
• It is a seaport that acts as a trading point for western India.
• The predictable monsoon wind is used by the route of Bharuch.
• Greeks, Persian Empires and Roman republic had known about Bharuch.
• Bharuch port was mentioned as Barugaza in the 3rd century.
• For doing business Bharuch was used by Arab traders.
• Business center was established in Bharuch by the British.

Djibouti countries the level of development is not high.

Amazon is the largest river in the world.

The correct answer is Punjab.

• The Jallianwalla bagh incident is also known as the Massacre of Amritsar in Punjab.
• The incident took place on April 13, 1919, on Baisakhi day.
• There was dissatisfaction against Rowalatt Act that led to mass agitation. 
• The government was determined to suppress the mass.
• A large crowd was gathered in the Amristar on 13 April 1919 at Amristar in Jallianwalla Bagh, to protest against the arrest of their popular leaders Dr Saif-ud-din Kichlu and Dr Satyapal.
• On the afternoon of April 13, a crowd of at least 10,000 men, women, and children gathered in the Jallianwala Bagh, which was nearly completely enclosed by walls and had only one exit.

Kanpur city is the main polluter of Ganga a river.

Up to 15 years the human beings are in the period of Infancy.

(c) has to give assent to the Bill

The correct answer is help to create more oxygen.

• Phytoplanktons are like the terrestrial plants which float on the surface of the water, contain chlorophyll, and using sunlight perform photosynthesis.
• They produce oxygen as a result.
• Photosynthetic algae, which includes Phytoplankton, along with bacteria are the main sources of organic matter in the ocean. 
• But Algae being produced in cold water biomes isn’t connected to Phytoplanktons producing high organic carbon in the ocean. 

B. Growing Annuity

Kimberley is famous for Silver.

C. Sinking Fund 

A. Science of Money 

The correct answer is Visakhapatnam.

According to Swachh Sarvekshan Report 2017, Indore in Madhya Pradesh has been selected as the cleanest city in India.

• It is followed by Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, and Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.
• This survey was carried out by the Quality Council of India in 434 cities across the country.

• Swachh Survekshan is a ranking exercise taken up by the Government of India to assess rural and urban areas for their levels of cleanliness and active implementation of Swachhata mission initiatives in a timely and innovative manner.
• The objective of the survey is to encourage large-scale citizen participation and create awareness amongst all sections of society about the importance of working together towards making towns and cities a better place to live. the survey also intends to foster a spirit of healthy competition among towns and cities to improve their service delivery to citizens, towards creating cleaner cities and towns.
• Swachh Survekshan 2020 is the fifth edition of the annual cleanliness urban survey conducted by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA), Government of India.
• In the fifth edition of the annual cleanliness survey (Swacch Sarvekshan) of the country in 2020, Madhya Pradesh's Indore was placed on the first spot, Gujarat's Surat on the second spot, and Maharashtra's Navi Mumbai on third.
• Swachh Survekshan 2020 surveyed a total of 4242 cities, 62 Cantonment Boards, and 97 Ganga Towns and saw unprecedented participation of 1.87 crore citizens.

Correct option is B. life blood 

The correct answer is Indore.

• Indore ranked first in the 'Swachh Survekshan National Ranking' 2019.
• Indore is followed by Surat and then Navi Mumbai.
• The Ministry of Urban Development, the Government of India, and the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India, annually publish National City Rating under the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan scheme.
• The rating includes around 500 cities, covering 72 per cent of the urban population in India.
• Until 2017, India was divided into five zones for the purpose of this survey and each city was scored on 19 indicators.
• The cities were classified into four colours: green, blue, black, and red, green being the cleanest city, and red the most polluted.

About Madhya Pradesh:

• Chief Minister - Shivraj Singh Chauhan.
• Capital - Bhopal.
• State Bird - Indian paradise flycatcher.
• State Animal - Barasingha.
• Districts - 52.

Correct option is D. Finance

The correct answer is In 2015.

• In 2015 metro rail service started in Jaipur.

• Jaipur Metro
  • ​Jaipur Metro is a rapid transit system in the city of Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. 
  • Construction on the most elevated part of the first line, called Phase 1A, comprising 9.63 kilometers (5.98 mi) of the route from Mansarovar to Chandpole Bazaar, started on 13 November 2010.
  • After receiving safety clearance from the Commissioner of Metro Rail Safety (CMRS) in May 2015, Jaipur Metro began commercial service.

• The Jaipur Metro Rail system is India's sixth metro rail system after those in Kolkata, Delhi NCR, Bangalore, Gurgaon, and Mumbai.
• It is also touted as one of the fastest built metro systems in India.
• Jaipur Metro is the first metro in India to run on a Double-storey elevated road and Metro track.

B. Business Finance 

(C) For personal growth

A student internally motivated will complete his task For personal growth.

C. Indirect Finance 

Correct answer is

(D) All of the above

Correct answer is

(C) Gestalt law of figure and ground