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M.S. Swaminathan is called as the father of the green revolution in India

The correct answer is Granite.

• Igneous rocks are the most basic type of rocks. They are formed when magma (molten rock, typically derived from the earth's mantle) solidifies.
• This can happen beneath or above the surface, resulting in 2 subtypes:
  • Plutonic rocks
  • Volcanic rocks
• Plutonic rocks: 
  • When magma never reaches the surface and cools to form intrusions (dykes, sills, etc) the resulting rocks are called plutonic.
  • Granite is an example of Plutonic rock.
• Volcanic rocks: 
  • When magma does reach the surface during a volcanic eruption, the rocks that form there are called lavas or volcanic rocks.
• Sedimentary rocks: 
  • Rocks that are formed by the consolidation of sediments of Pre-existing rocks under the mechanical, chemical, or organic activities of the wind, running water, etc are sedimentary rocks.
• Metamorphic rocks: 
  • Rocks that are formed under the influence of heat, pressure or both from pre-existing rocks are called Metamorphic rocks.

(d) All of Them.

Given:

The least number to be multiplied with 231525 to make it a perfect cube 

Concept used:

Factorisation 

Calculation:

231525 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 7 × 7 × 7

We have 3³ × 7³ × 5² × 5 should be multiplied.

The no 5 should be multiplied to make the number a perfect cube.

CHINA  adapted 'Open door policy'.

•  The permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (also known as the Permanent Five, Big Five, or P5) are the five sovereign states to whom the UN Charter of 1945 grants a permanent seat on the UN Security Council: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States
• The permanent members were all allies in World War II (and the victors of that war), and are also all states with nuclear weapons (though only the United States had developed nuclear weapons prior to the formation of the United Nations).
• The remaining 10 members of the council are elected by the General Assembly, giving a total of 15 UN member states.
• All five permanent members have the power of veto, which enables any one of them to prevent the adoption of any "substantive" draft Council resolution, regardless of its level of international support.

Hence, Germany is not a permanent member of the UN Security Council.

• To acquire trade privileges in China, US State Secretary John Hey made a declaration. This is known as open door policy. 
• As per this policy, America argued for equal rights and opportunities for all countries in Chinese market. The aim of this policy was to create an opportunity for the USA to interfere in China.

The workers organized a huge march in Petrograd on 9 January 1905 demanding political rights and economic reforms. The march was fired at by the soldiers and hundreds of demonstrators were massacred. This event is known as the ‘Bloody Sunday’.

The correct answer is 1913; 1938.

• Between 1913 and 1938, Indian manufacturing output grew 5.6 percent a year.
• It was well ahead of the world average of 3.3 percent.
• By 1947 the industry’s share of national output doubled to 7.5 percent from 3.4 percent.
• Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37.
• Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs.
• It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources.
• The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC).

• India's manufacturing output in recent years-
  • India's manufacturing output for 2020 was $339.98B, an 11.13% decline from 2019.
  • India's manufacturing output for 2019 was $382.56B, a 4.65% decline from 2018.
  • India's manufacturing output for 2018 was $401.20B, a 0.75% increase from 2017.
  • India's manufacturing output for 2017 was $398.20B, a 14.45% increase from 2016.

The correct answer is 3:1.

• The capital structure of DFCCIL will entail a debt-equity ratio of 3:1. 
• The cost for the project DFC will be funded by a combination of debt from bilateral/multilateral agencies and equity from the Ministry of Railways
• The Eastern DFC is funded by World Bank whereas Western DFC will be funded by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).

• World Bank:
  • Founded: July 1944, Bretton Woods conference
  • Founders: John Maynard Keynes, Harry Dexter White
  • Headquarters: Washington, D.C., United States
  • President: David Malpass
  • Motto: Working for a World Free of Poverty
  • Parent organizations: United Nations, World Bank Group
• Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA):
  • Formation: October 1, 2003
  • Type: Incorporated Administrative Agency
  • Headquarters: Tokyo, Japan
  • President: Shinichi Kitaoka

Potti Sriramalu

• India’s mission to moon is known as Chandrayan launched by ISRO in October 2008. With this, India became a member in the coveted group to launch space shuttle to the lunar orbit after USA, Russia, European Space Agency, China and Japan. 
• Mangalyaan is the space mission of India to Mars. It is the Indian made space shuttle that covered the longest distance in space.

• Justice Fazal Ali, Sardar K.M.Panikkar and Hridaynath Kunzru. 
• The Commission was constituted in 1953 with Fazal Ali as Chairman. 
• The Commission submitted its report in 1955. As per its recommendations, the Government of India passed the States Reorganisation Act in 1956. 
• As per this Act, 14 linguistic states and 6 Union Territories were formed

Fazl Ali, H.N.Kunzru, K.M.Panikkar

After independence there emerged demand for linguistic reorganization of states. In 1953 Potti Sreeramulu started fast for the formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh for Telugu speaking people. He died in 1953. It was followed by strong protest demanding formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh. Thus in 1953 the first unilingual state of India, Andhra Pradesh was formed.

Fazl Ali, Hrudaya Nath Kunzru, K.M. Panikkar.

(c) Organising

The word ‘Vote’ originated from Latin word ‘Votum’ indicating one’s wishes or desire. He can vote formally by expressing his opinion or wish in favour or against a proposal.

Types of Voting: There are two methods of voting viz, open and secret procedures.

(i) Open Voting: This type of voting has no secrecy as all the members assembled can see voting. 

There are two types of open voting namely voice voting and voting by show of hands.

• By Voice: Voice voting is a popular type of voting in which the chairman allows the members to raise their voice in favour or against an issue ‘Yes’ for approval and ‘No’ for rejection.
• By Show of Hands: Under this method, the chairman requests the members to raise their hands for the proposal.

(ii) Secret Procedure: Secret procedure is adopted to decide certain vital issues. 

It may be of two types:

• By Ballot: Under this system, ballot paper bearing serial number is given to the members to record their opinion by marking with the symbol.
• Postal Ballot: Big companies or big associations having members scattered all over the country follow this method of voting. Under this method, the members or voters fill in the ballot papers sent by the company and return them in sealed covers.

The given statement is defended as in the recent past India has witnessed many foreign nationals visiting for surgeries, organ transplant, dental and even cosmetic care. The prime reason for this phenomenon can be quoted as: 

i. Health services in India offer latest medical technologies with qualified professionals. 

ii. All these medical services are less costly in India as compared to similar health care services in other countries.

(b) Griffith Taylor

This concept shows that is not there a situation of absolute necessity (environmental determinism) nor is there a condition of absolute freedom (possibilism). This concept was introduced by Griffith Taylor.

Seven billion population (7 billion).

World population as per 2012 was Seven billion.

The Power resources other than the traditional fossil and Mineral sources are known as ‘Non Conventional Power Resources’. They include Solar energy, Wind energy, Bio-gas, Sea waves, Biomass and geo-thermal etc. 

These reasources are inexhaustible and renewable in nature. Importance :

• These Power resources are found in abudance, pollution free, eco-friendly and not harm to the eco-system. 
• They can be very conveniently supplied to urban as well as rural areas. 
• In India conventional power resources are inadequate. Recently the rate of energy consumption has been increased. 
• Hence there is urgent need to harness other alternative power resources. 
• Top priority has been given for the development of non conventional power resources. 
• They are capable of solving the requirements. Such as supply of energy in decentralized manner and have sustainable environment. 
• Thus the development of the these power resources is very essential.

• Cultivation of different types of flowers for commercial purpose is known as ‘Floriculture’. 
• Floriculture has blossomed into a profitable business only in recent years.
• India’s agro climatic conditions are very suitable for the cultivation of high quality flowers. 
• Floriculture has plays a significant role in India for following reasons :
• It has a capacity to elevate income of the farmers. 
• It engages even the women in this farming and eradicates un Imployement to rural people. 
• It supports to the export of the country.
• Considering the potentiality of this sector produces an income & employment opportunities, floriculture has been taken up by the Government of India. 
• India has been known for growing traditional flowers such as Jasmine, Mari gold, Chrysanthemum, Tuberose, Crossandra & Aster. Commercial cultivation of cut flowers like roses, orchids, gladious, carnation, gerbera, lilum & anthyrium has become popular in recent years.
• In India the state of Andhra Pradesh has the maximum area under floriculture & followed by TamilNadu, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Haryana & West Bengal.

1. The Bhakra – Nangal Project is a joint venture of Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. It has been named after the two dams constructed at Bhakra and Nangal on the Sutlej river in Himachal Pradesh.

2. Flood control, irrigation facilities, hydel power generation, promote afforestation.

3. The main objectives of the project are : 

1. Flood control 

2. Irrigation facilities 

3. Hydel power generation 

4. Promote afforestation 

5. Soil Conservation etc.

• The Bhakra dam is constructed across the Sutlej river at Bhakra in Himachal Pradesh. 
• It is 518 meters long & 226 meters high. 
• The Reservoir created by the Bhakra-dam covers an area of 173.8 Kms and has a gross storage capacity of 9,867 million cubic meters. This reservoir is called the ‘Govind sagar’. 
• The canals have a total length of about 1104 kms, & their length of their distributaries is 3,360 kms. 
• They provide irrigation to 27.4 Lakh hectares of land-in Haryana, Rajasthan and some parts of Punjab. 
• The Nangal dam is constructed across the Sutlej river at Nangal, 13 kms below the Bhakra dam. 
• It is 305 meters long and 29 meters high. 
• The Nangal canal irrigates 26.4 lakh hectares of land in Haryana and 50.2 lakh hectares of land in Punjab. 
• This project plays an important role on Agriculture in the North Western part of India by providing irrigation where rainfall is scanty.

It is a series of waves generated in an ocean water in the form of high waves. 

The Tropic of Caner 23 1/2° N latitude

When sing the National Anthem, the feeling of nationality, unity in diversity, world brotherhood, humanity, love and sympathy for all the nations of world is developed in me.

The following are the three National festivals which we celebrate together:

1. Republic Day,
2. Independence Day and
3. Gandhi Jayanti.

These are our National festivals. Therefore, we celebrate them together.

The correct answer is board game.

• Chopad (also known as Chaupar or Chausar) was an ancient Indian board game. 
• The board is made of wool or cloth, with wooden pawns and seven cowry shells to be used to determine each player's move, although others distinguish chaupur from pachisi by the use of three four-sided long dice.
• A chopat 'board' is traditionally an embroidered cloth in the shape of a cross.
• Each arm of the cross is divided into three columns and each column is divided into eight squares.
• The “men” or pieces (Sogthi)are usually made of wood.
• Each player has four men, although variants exist using 8 men each.
  • It is similar in some ways to Pachisi, Parcheesi and Ludo. 
• Chopat is claimed to be a variation of the game of dice played in the epic poem Mahabharata between Yudhishthira and Duryodhan.
• The most ancient game of India, Chausar was invented by Shiva and was first played between Shiva and Parvati.

The correct answer is Battle of Seringapatam.

• The Anglo-Mysore War ended with the battle of Seringapatam.
• The Anglo-Mysore Wars was a series of four military confrontations in India between the British and the rulers of Mysore.
• The British won a decisive victory at the Battle of Seringapatam (1799).
  • Tipu was killed during the defense of the city.
• The Governor-General of the British Army in 1799 was Lord Wellesley.

• The third Anglo-Mysore War came to an end with the Treaty of Seringapatam in 1792.
• Tipu Sultan, the de-facto ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore ceded half his kingdom to the British which included the areas of Malabar, Coorg, Baramahal, and Dindigul.
• In this war, Tipu Sultan used Mysorean rockets which were the first Ircon-Cased rocket used by the Mysorean army.
• After the war, Tipu Sultan territories divided between Hyderabad and the British.
• Seringapatam is a town located in the Mandya district state of Karnataka.
• Seringapatam is famous for Sri Ranganathswamy Temple, Daria Daulat Bagh, Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary, and Tipu Sultan Palace.

The correct answer is  9.25%.

• As of September 2020, the rate of interest under the Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS) announced by the Government of India is capped at 9.25% for banks and financial institutions. 
• The Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS) was unveiled as part of the Rs 20 lakh crore comprehensive package announced by the Finance Ministry on 13/05/2020, to aid the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector in view of the economic distress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
• ECGLS was introduced by the government to mitigate the economic distress faced by micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) because of the COVID-19 pandemic by providing them additional funding of up to Rs 3 lakh crore in the form of a fully guaranteed emergency credit line.
• The revised operational guidelines for ECLGS 3.0 will be issued by the National Credit Guarantee Trustee Company Ltd.
• The scheme was expanded to cover 26 distressed sectors through ECLGS 2.0 and was extended till March 31, 2021.

•  Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme 
  • The Union Cabinet approved the Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme in May 2020 and allowed additional funding of up to Rs.3 lakh crores to different sectors, especially Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) and MUDRA borrowers.
  • The scheme is a part of the AtmaNirbhar Bharat Abhiyan which was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi to make India a self-dependent country. 
  • Under the ECLGS, all loans sanctioned under the Guaranteed Emergency Credit Line (GECL) facility will be provided with additional credit. However, there are two specifications:
    • The scheme would be applicable for loans sanctioned from the date of announcement of the scheme to October 31, 2020, OR
    • Till an amount of Rs. 3 lakh crores is sanctioned under GECL (whichever happens first)

Causes :

• The British, Marathas and Nizam did not tolerate Hyder Ali’s rise to power. 
• Hyder Ali cunningly broke the tri-party alliance of British, Nizam and Marathas. 
• Hyder Ali attacked Arcot in 1767 along with the Nizam’s army.

Results :

• Hyder Ali captured Madras in 1769. 
• The British signed ‘Treaty of Madras’ (1769) 
• According to the Treaty, British had to help Hyder Ali when attacked by neighbouring kings.

The correct answer is 7 August 2020.

• Kisan Rail scheme:
  • It was announced in Budget 2020.
  • The railways began its Kisan Rail services to transport perishables from August 7, 2020.
  • The first such train, carrying vegetables and fruits, was started between Devlali in Maharashtra and Danapur in Bihar. 
  • The train was flagged off via video conferencing by Union Minister of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Rural Development and Panchyati Raj, Narendra Singh Tomar and Minister of Railways and Commerce and Industry, Piyush Goyal.
  • It ran for transportation of perishable commodities, through the public-private partnership (PPP) mode. 
  • It helped in bringing perishable agricultural products like vegetables, fruits to the market in a short period of time, and the train with frozen containers is expected to build a seamless national cold supply chain for perishables, inclusive of fish, meat and milk.

The correct answer is Maharashtra and Bihar.

• The inaugural train under the 'Kisan Rail' scheme announced in the Union Budget 2020-21 ran between Maharashtra and Bihar.
  • The Indian Railways has introduced the first “Kisan Rail” from Devlali (Maharashtra) to Danapur (Bihar).
    • Kisan Rails are the first-ever multi-commodity trains.
  • These trains with refrigerated coaches will help in bringing perishable agricultural products like vegetables, fruits to the market in a short period of time. 
  • These will ensure that agro-products reach from one corner to another corner of the country.
  • These trains are a step towards realizing the goal of doubling farmers’ incomes by 2022.
  • These are expected to be a great help to the farmers, as freight of these trains will be charged as per the parcel tariff of normal trains.

• Recently, the Prime Minister has flagged off the 100th “Kisan Rail” service from Sangola in Solapur district of Maharashtra to Shalimar in West Bengal via video-conferencing.
  • In August 2020, the first ‘Kisan Rail’ dedicated to agriculture and farmers was begun to connect farmers and markets across the country.
• The government has invested crores of rupees in modernizing the country’s supply chain, of which the Kisan Rail service is a new experiment.
• Significance:
  • This experiment will prove especially beneficial for the country’s 80% small and marginal farmers.
  • The service would transform the economics of Indian agriculture while strengthening the country’s cold supply chain.
  • The lack of cold storage facilities had often resulted in losses for farmers.
  • Indian farmers can now transport their produce to far-flung places within the country as well as gain access to international markets.

In the year 2012 HDI was 0.554. India ranked 136 among 166 countries.

•  Low life expectancy (65.8 years) 
• Low per Capita Income ($3203) 
• Low average years of schooting (4.4 years)

The correct answer is 24.

• There are 24 branches in the Guhil dynasty of Rajasthan (descendent from Bappa Rawal).
  • But the only descendent of Rahup are Sisodia (the originator) and Rana Hammir (the Proginator of Clan).
• Hence, option 2 is correct.

​

• Guhila dynasty
  • The Guhila dynasty ruled the Medapata (modern Mewar) region in the present-day Rajasthan state of India.
  • The Guhila kings initially ruled as Gurjara-Pratihara vassals between the 8th and 10th centuries, their capitals included Nagahrada (Nagda) and Aghata (Ahar).
    • For this reason, they are also known as the Nagda-Ahar branch of the Guhilas.
  • The Guhilas assumed sovereignty after the decline of the Gurjara-Pratiharas in the 11th century.
    • During the 11th-13th centuries, they were involved in military conflicts with several of their neighbours, including the Paramaras, the Chahamanas, and the Vaghelas.
  • In the mid-12th century, the dynasty divided into two branches:
    • ​The senior branch (whose rulers are called Rawal in the later medieval literature) ruled from Chitrakuta (modern Chittorgarh)., and ended with Ratnasimha's defeat against the Delhi Sultanate at the 1303 Siege of Chittorgarh.
    • The junior branch ruled from Sesoda with the title Rana and gave rise to the Sisodia Rajput dynasty.

The correct answer is Chachigdeo.

• Udai Singh
  • Udaya-Simha or Udai Singh was an Indian king belonging to the Chahamana dynasty, who ruled the area around Javalipura (present-day Jalore in Rajasthan).
  • The most powerful king of his dynasty, he overthrew the Chaulukya suzerainty and became a sovereign ruler.
  • However, some years later, he faced an invasion from the Delhi Sultanate and became a tributary to the Sultan Iltutmish.
• Kanhrdeo
  • Kanhadadeva or Kanhrdeo was an Indian king belonging to the Chahamana dynasty, who ruled the area around Javalipura (present-day Jalore in Rajasthan).
  • Initially, he ran the administration jointly with his father Samantasimha and helped ward off invasions from the Delhi Sultanate.
• Viramdeo
  • Viramadeva or Viramdeo was the son of the Jalore Chahamana king Kanhadadeva.
  • He was crowned during Alauddin Khalji's invasion of Jalore and was killed in the conflict 2½ days later.
  • The Kanhadade Prabandha names the Delhi princess as Piroja and mentions that Alauddin offered to marry her to the Viramadeva, stating the couple had also been married in several previous births.
  • However, Viramadeva rejected the offer, leading to Alauddin's invasion of Jalore.
• Chachigdeo
  • Chachiga-deva or Chachigdeo was an Indian king belonging to the Chahamana dynasty, who ruled the area around Javalipura (present-day Jalore in Rajasthan).
  • He maintained the borders of his ancestral kingdom intact and achieved military successes against some neighbouring princes.
  • He is most notable for issuing the Sundha Hill prashasti inscription, which provides historically valuable information about his ancestors.
• Hence, option 4 is correct.

​

• The Chahamanas of Jalore, also known as the Chauhan Kings of Jalore in vernacular legends, was an Indian dynasty that ruled the area around Jalore in present-day Rajasthan between 1160 and 1311.
• They branched off from the Chahamanas of Naddula and then ruled as feudatories of the Chalukyas of Gujarat.
• For a brief period, they became independent but ultimately succumbed to the Delhi Sultanate at the Siege of Jalore.
• The Chahamana rulers of the Jalor branch, with their estimated periods of reign, are as follows:[12]
  • Kirti-pala (c. 1160-1182 CE)
  • Samara-simha (c. 1182-1204 CE)
  • Udaya-simha or Udai Singh(c. 1204-1257 CE)
  • Chachiga-deva or Chachigdeo (c. 1257-1282 CE)
  • Samanta-simha (c. 1282-1305 CE)
  • Kanhrdeo (c. 1292-1311 CE)
  • Virama-deva or Viramdeo (1311 CE); crowned during the Siege of Jalore, but died 2½ days later.

The correct answer is ​Baahubali 2: The Conclusion.

• The 65th National Film Awards ceremony took place in New Delhi's Vigyan Bhawan.
• All the winners were honoured by President "Ramnath Kovind" National Award on 3 May.
• At the 65th National Film Award, Sridevi was named the "Best Actress" for her role in "MOM" which was her 300th film.

The correct answer is Kasav.

• Kasav won the “Best Feature Film” award in 64^th National Film Awards.
• Kasav was released in 2016 in the Marathi language
• Director – Sumitra Bhave, Sunil Suthankar
• Produced by Mohan Agashe
• Production Company – Vichitra Nirmiti

64^th National Film Awards:

• Organized by Directorate of Film Festivals to present awards to films of 2016
• Presented by – Pranab Mukherjee
• Jury members – Madhur Bhandakar, Kaushik Ganguly, Radhakrishna Jagalamudi, Mohan Kanda
• Best film-friendly state – Uttar Pradesh
• Best non-feature film – Fireflies in the Abyss
• Best book – Lata: Sur Gatha
• Best film critic – G Dhananjayan
• Dada Saheb Phalke Award – Kasinadhuni Viswanath

Dada Saheb Phalke Award – introduced in 1969

• The highest award in Indian cinema
• 1^st recipient – Abhishek Sakkarwal (honored in 17^th National Film awards)
• Most recent – Amitabh Bachchan (honored at 66^th National Film awards)

• The film festival was held on May 3, 2017, but the awards were announced on April 7, 2017.  
• All the awardees were awarded by Swarna Kamal.
• Father of Indian Cinema – Dada Saheb Phalke 

(c) 42nd Amendment

A person to be qualified for standing in a panchayat election must have attained the age of 21 years.

The Panchayati Raj System was adopted to decentralise the power of democracy.