Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

(b) Kanishka I

The part of the brain that controls the posture and equilibrium of our body is  cerebellum.

Gandhara School of Art was deeply influenced by Hellenic art.

(c) Both (a) and (b) above

Cerebellum, a part of hindbrain is responsible for maintaining posture and equilibrium of the body.

The correct answer is Greece.

• Gandhara art, a style of Buddhist visual art that developed in what is now northwestern Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan between the 1st century BCE and the 7th century CE.
• The style, of Greco-Roman origin, seems to have flourished largely during the Kushan dynasty and was contemporaneous with an important but dissimilar school of Kushan art at Mathura (Uttar Pradesh, India).
• The Gandhara school incorporated many motifs and techniques from classical Roman art, including vine scrolls, cherubs bearing garlands, tritons, and centaurs. The basic iconography, however, remained Indian.

• Greece, the southernmost of the countries of the Balkan Peninsula.
  • Greece is bordered to the east by the Aegean sea, to the south by the mediterranean sea, and to the west by the Ionian Sea.
• Italy, a country of south-central Europe, occupying a peninsula that juts deep into the mediterranean sea.
  • The capital is Rome, one of the oldest of the world’s great cities.
• Hungary, Hungarian magyarország, landlocked country of central Europe.
  • The capital is Budapest.
    • Budapest is situated on both banks of the Danube (Hungarian: Duna) River.
• Belgium, country of northwestern Europe. It is one of the smallest and most densely populated European countries.
  • Belgium today is one of the most heavily industrialized and urbanized countries in Europe.
  • Belgium It is a member of the Benelux economic union, the European Union (EU), and the North Atlantic treaty organization (NATO)—organizations that all have headquarters in or near the capital city of Brussels.

The correct answer is ​At the time of the Kushans.

• The Gandhara style of art flourished during the Kushanas dynasty.

• The Gandhara style of art was closely associated with Mahayana Buddhism and hence the main theme of this art was Bodhisattvas and Lord Buddha.
• Thus, the conception of this art execution was foreign and the style was Indian. One of the examples of the Gandhara style of art is the Statues of Bamiyan Buddha.

• Kanishka was the greatest ruler of the Kushanas.
• He gave patronage to this style.
• The style is based on realism, in which the Buddha statues were built on the Greek and Rome styles.

The correct answer is Bamiyan Buddha.

• Bamiyan Buddha represents the Gandhara School of art.
• From the first century CE onwards, Gandhara (now in Pakistan).
• Mathura in northern India and Vengi in Andhra Pradesh emerged as important centres of art production.
• Buddha in the symbolic form got a human form in Mathura and Gandhara.
• The sculptural tradition in Gandhara had the confluence of Bactria, Parthia, and the local Gandhara tradition.
• The best example in this regard is the stupa sculptures found at Sanghol in Punjab.
• The Buddha image at Mathura is modelled on the lines of earlier Yaksha images whereas in Gandhara it has Hellenistic features.

The correct answer is Both 1 and 2.

• The first century CE onwards, Gandhara (now in Pakistan), Mathura in northern India and Vengi in Andhra Pradesh emerged as important centres of art production.
• Buddha in the symbolic form got a human form in Mathura and Gandhara.
• The sculptural tradition in Gandhara had the confluence of Bactria, Parthia and the local Gandhara tradition. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Situated in the crossroads of cultural influences, the Gandhara region was influenced by Greek and Roman culture.
• During the time of the Kushana Empire, in view of its contact with Rome, the techniques of Roman art were assimilated and applied in northwestern India.
• The Gandhara art is famous for the portrayal of Buddha in a spiritual state, eyes half-closed in meditation. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

​

• During the reign of Kushanas, there was great creative energy when art and literature flourished.
  • This was partly due to royal patronage and partly due to other factors, like the growing ascendancy of Mahayana Buddhism, which allowed the representation of the person of Buddha in human form.
• The Greek influence led to an Indo-Greek style of sculpture and art commonly referred to as Gandhara art.
  • Statues of Buddha, sculpted particularly in Taxila and the northwestern regions, show him in graceful garments, surrounded by cherubs and leaves inspired by the Greek tradition.

Hevea braziliensis

Gene frequency remains constant from generation to generation unless it is altered by the external agencies. 

• Gene flow 
• Genetic drift 
• Mutation 
• Genetic recombination 
• Natural selection

Formation of the mature embryo sac
The megaspore mother cell (MMC) undergoes meiosis and forms a linear tetrad of 4 haploid megaspores.
The process of meiotic formation of haploid megaspores from diploid megaspore mother cell is called megasporogenesis.
Development of Female Gametophyte

The functional megaspore is the first cell of the female gametophyte.
The cell enlarges and undergoes three free nuclear mitotic divisions. The first division produces two nucleated embryo sac. These two nuclei divide twice forming four nucleate and then eight nucleate structure.
One nucleus from each side moves to the middle of the embryo sac. They are called polar nuclei.
The remaining three nuclei form cells at the two ends, three celled egg apparatus at the micropylar end and three antipodal cells at the chalazal end.
The middle binucleate structure organises itself into a central cell.
The female gametophyte in angiosperms is called the embryo sac. It is a 7-celled and 8-nucleated structure.

(A) UAA, UAG and UGA

The correct answer is 2 and 3.

• Good ozone is found in the upper part of the atmosphere called the stratosphere, and it acts as a shield absorbing ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect.
• UV rays are highly injurious to living organisms since the DNA and proteins of living organisms preferentially absorb UV rays, and their high energy breaks the chemical bonds within these molecules.
• The thickness of the ozone in a column of air from the ground to the top of the atmosphere is measured in terms of Dobson units (DU). Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
• Ozone gas is continuously formed by the action of UV rays on molecular oxygen and is also degraded into molecular oxygen in the stratosphere.
• There should be a balance between the production and degradation of ozone in the stratosphere. Of late, the balance has been disrupted due to the enhancement of ozone degradation by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
• CFCs find wide use as refrigerants. CFCs discharged in the lower part of the atmosphere move upward and reach the stratosphere.
• In the stratosphere, UV rays act on them releasing Cl atoms.
  • Cl degrades ozone releasing molecular oxygen, with these atoms acting merely as catalysts;
  • Cl atoms are not consumed in the reaction.
• Research indicates that the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer is being reduced worldwide. Thinning of the protective ozone layer can be observed using satellite measurements, particularly over the Polar Regions. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

New readers in the 19th century included children, women and workers. 

(a) As primary education became compulsory in the late-nineteenth century, children became an important category of readers. School textbooks had to be published. In France, a children press was started which published new works as well as old fairy tales.

(b) Women became important as readers as well as writers, Penny magazines were meant for women, as also manuals teaching proper behaviour and housekeeping. When novels were written in the 19th century, women became important readers. Jane Austen, the Bronte Sisters and George Eliot were important women writers. 

(c) In the 19th century, lending libraries in England, sent books to white-collar workers, artisans and lower-middle class people and became instruments in educating them. The also wrote political tracts and autobiographies.

(A) DNA polymerase I

(C) DNA polymerase III holoenzyme

(C) Ribonucleoside diphosphates

D. Courts use the power to interpret the Constitution.

Registration Cum Membership Certificate

Differences between International Business and Domestic Business

Trade-related aspects of intellectual property.

 Kissa-goi is a storytelling method.

Letter of credit

Correct option: (b) Letter of credit

The correct answer is The oppressive rule of C.P.Ramaswamy Iyer, the Dewan of Travancore

• It was an organized working class uprising in the Princely State of Travancore, British India against the Prime Minister, C. P. Ramaswami Iyer, and the state.
• The objectives of the revolt were:
  • To overthrow the exploitative diwan of Travancore.
  • To liberate the working class from unjust taxation and exploitation of the establishment.
• The significances of this revolt were:
  • (a) It was an unique agitation where the working class rose against the government.
  • (b) It saw the people of all classes up in arms against a common tyrant hence it dissolved class and religion distinction and induced unity among people.
  • (c) It resulted in establishing democracy in the region and also gave a decisive turn to the politics of the state.
• Implications of the revolt:
  • Historians maintain this was a proper struggle against the declaration of ‘Independent Travancore’ by the then Travancore.
  • T K Varghese Vaidyan, a leader of the struggle, had gone on record saying it was a rehearsal for a larger revolution with the ultimate objective of establishing a “Communist India”.

The Correct answer is Purnima Barman. 

Whitley (Green Oscar) Awards:

• The awards were established in the year 1993 by Edward Whitley OBE and are one of the most prestigious conservation prizes known in the world today.
• The first Whitley award worth was £15000 was given in the year 1994.
• The awards are run by the 'Whitley Fund for Nature' and honor those who have made an exceptional contribution to the field.
• The award is an international prize and a form of project funding and is currently around £40,000 over one year.
• Two Indian activists, Sanjay Gubbi and Purnima Barman were awarded the annual Whitley Awards, also known as Green Oscars, 2017.
• Sanjay Gubbi was awarded for his efforts to protect Karnataka's tiger corridors.
• Purnima Barman was awarded for saving the Greater Adjutant stork, known as Hargila in India, and its wetland habitat in Assam.

Print created the possibility of wide circulation of ideas and introduced a new world of debate and discussion. Even those who disagreed with established authorities could now print and  circulate their ideas. Through the printed message, they could pursuade people to think differently, and move them to action. For instance, Martin Luther wrote 95 theses criticising many of the practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church. This led to the Protestant Reformation.

1. Drink plenty of water. 

2. Eat low salt diet that saves kidney life.

 Correct answer is a. Accounts

Sustainable Development cannot be looked upon as a responsibility of a person, a community, a city or a nation. To achieve Sustainability for next generation, the whole world needs to come as one. It is the responsibility of every country to ensure having a full proof policy towards Sustainable Development.

a. Democracy, 

b. Freedom, 

c. Nationalism.

Both angiosperms and vertebrates have a more complex structural organisation. They have evolved very efficient mechanism of sexual reproduction. Since asexual reproduction does not create new genetic pools in the offspring and consequently hampers their adapability to external conditions, these groups have resorted to reproduction by the sexual method.

The Indian National Congress (INC) espouses secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities. Four features of INC are as follows. 

(a) INC is one of the oldest parties of the world. It played a dominat role in Indian politics for several decades. 

(b) Under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru, INC sought to build a modern secular democratic republic in India. 

(c) It supports new economic reforms but with a human face. 

(d) Currently, INC is leading the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) as the opposition party at the centre.

(d) a system of political and social philosophy that does not favour any particular religious faith

Correct option is: (b) Agriculture

Correct option is: (c) Marginal

Correct option is C) How much 

1. A) old

2. B) I’m not

3. D) isn’t / It’s

4. A) cold

5. B) Are you

6. C) aren’t / are

7. C) expensive

Correct option is: (B) Sea star

1. D) difficult

2. C) horrible

3. A) slow

4. B) cheap

5. A) cold

6. B) small

Correct option is B) Italian

Correct option is (i) V.D.Savarkar 

Correct option is C) Russian

(a) The Lyceum Theatre is important in the extract because the anonymous sender of the pearls requests Miss Mary Morstan to meet with him at the third pillar from the left outside the Lyceum Theatre. This is the place that promises to unfold the mystery of the anonymous sender and reveal the story of how Mary is a “wronged woman”. The writer has also used the sophisticated upper class of London that arrives in cabs and horsedrawn carriages outside the Lyceum Theatre as a symbol of wealth, to hint at the riches that the treasure has the potential to bestow upon Mary Morstan, about which she has no idea.

(b) Andaman Islands:  Jonathan Small was arrested and imprisoned on the Andaman Islands for the robbery of the Agra treasure. After 20 years, Small made a deal with John Sholto and Arthur Morstan, who were the prison guards. Sholto would recover the treasure and in return send a boat to pick up Small and the Sikhs. Sholto double-crossed both Morstan and Small and stole the treasure for himself. Small vowed vengeance and four years later escaped from the Andaman Islands with an islander named Tonga after they both killed a prison guard.

(c) Shyamji Krishna Varma

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was a Scholar in Arabic.

Narendra MandaI was inaugurated by Duke of Connaught in the year 1921.

(d) Shyamji Krishna Varma