Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Appends the features of two or more layers into a single output layer. Attributes will be retained if they have the same name.

Correct option: D. Overlay

A technique of digital processing functions. Used to enhance the appearance of an image to derive valuable information. These are computer algorithm.

Person who has attained the age of 60 years & above can be called as senior citizen. 

On World Environment Day (or) Vanam - manam.

Motor neuron of nervous system.

(i) B.P. is always measured in the Upper arm artery. 

(ii) Doctors measure the blood pressure with a device called Sphygmomanometer.

Correct option: D. Resolution

Spaghetti and topological

B. Topological

Topological data model is also known as line/arc/node data model.

The labelled part is Cristae.

In Artificial Insemination, breeding is done by avoiding direct contact of cow with bull.

(1) Mitotic cell division 

(2) Telophase 

(3) Anaphase 

(4) Metaphase

Correct option: D. 1cm-5cm

Can enhance the quality and increase the productivity of conventional survey team, reduces time and effort, improves accuracy.

It works by cancelling out most of the natural and manmade errors. Mention its functioning.

I am a secondary metabolite in plants. I am extracted from the bark of the plant and I am very useful in curing Malaria. I am Quinine.

Marcello Malpighi.

Correct option: A. Cartosat

In Artificial Insemination breeding is done by avoiding direct contact of cow with bull. 

B. Digitization

Transformation of information from analog format to digital format is called Digitization.

Enhance the quality, increases the productivity, improves accuracy, saves time etc.

Marcello Malpighi.

Correct option: B. Karnataka

D. Containment

The polygon D is inside the polygon B shows Containment property of topological data structure.

A benefit of 3D visualization in GIS is

Give proper idea of height and depth of the objects.

Expansion of mobile technology from the office to the field. 

1. Creates, edit, uses GIS maps in the field. 

2. Update asset location & condition 

3. Legal code compliance etc.

A person who prepare maps is known as CARTOGRAPHER.

RADAR is a remote sensing sensor works in microwave range. 

Most widely used method to reveal spatial relationships. 

Also known as line, arc, node data model. 

1. Connectivity 

2. Adjacency 

3. Containment 

4. Proximity 

5. Relative direction.

2D objects only have length and width but 3D objects have an extra dimension called depth. In a 2D GIS, a feature is represented as an area of grid cells but 3D GIS deals with volumes and information about what includes inside the cube.

A process of automatically categorization of all pixels in an image into different land cover classes or themes. 

1. Defining training sites 

2. Signature analysis 

3. Selection of appropriate algorithm 

4. Post classification smoothening 

5. Accuracy assessment 

6. Classified image 

7. Statistical report. 

DEFINING TRAINING SITES is the first step of supervised classification.

An active remote sensing technique of light detection and ranging. It uses the pulses of laser light coming to ground measuring the time of pulse returning to sensor. Range finders, DIAL, Doppler (explain)

In this classification, Geospatial analyst recognize classes in an image based on prior knowledge and assign them class names which are called training sites. Image processing software categorizes the reflectance of each class, called signature analysis. Algorithms are used for this purpose. Give basic steps. In this classification, Geospatial analyst recognize classes in an image based on prior knowledge and assign them class names which are called training sites. Image processing software categorizes the reflectance of each class, called signature analysis. Algorithms are used for this purpose. Give basic steps.

Mathematical representation of the physical relationships that exists between the geographical elements. Building topology means setting rules and behaviors that model how points, lines and polygons share geometry. Topological editing process begins with constructing the topology of the map to be edited. Explain giving examples.

i. The amount of energy reflected by each object is its spectral signature. 

ii. Scanners mounted on artificial satellites recognize different objects on the basis of their spectral signature. 

iii. Each object on the earth’s surface reflects electromagnetic radiation on the basis of their features. Each object reflects electromagnetic radiation differently. This is because of the difference in the physical property of each object.

Geographic coordinate system is a three-dimensional reference system that locates points on the Earth’s surface in decimal degrees. A point at earth has two coordinate values, latitude and longitude which are angles. Points north of the Equator have positive latitude values and south have negative values. Projected coordinate is a two-dimensional coordinate system defined by two axis. At right angles to each other, they forma XY-plane.

This is the system which helps us in locating our self on earth. It calculates the location by some known reference point. Explain the differences between both. Geographic- 3D reference system, unit of measure is decimal degrees etc. Projected- 2d system.

Explain how Geospatial technology is being widely used worldwide to do risk mapping, zoning of affected and non-affected areas and making people and governments aware and pro-active.

Correct option: c) Article writing

C) Article Writing

The process of creating a non –fiction text about current or recent news, items of general interest or specific topic is called Article Writing.

1 m spatial resolution

Spatial resolution of a sensor is the size of the smallest object on the earth’s surface that it can distinguish.

The sensors fitted on satellites cannot distinguish objects of all sizes on the surface of the earth. Ear lier sensors were able to distinguish only large objects and they had less resolution (Eg. 1 km).

Today there are sensors that can even represent information of less than one meter.

Global Positioning System

Buffer analysis

Correct option: c) Article writing

Today satellite based navigation systems are used for monitoring the location and movement of objects on the earth’s surface. It is used in several sectors like map making, transportation, etc. The most important among these is the Global Positioning system of the USA.

In this system, a series of 24 satellites placed at different orbits between the altitudes 20000 and 20200 km above the earth’s surface locate objects. We can locate places with the help of the signals received from the satellites in our handheld device. The GPS requires signals from atleast four satellites to display information like latitude, longitude, elevation, time, etc. This facility is now open to the public since 1980.

IRNSS is a satellite-based navigation system developed by India as an alternative to of GPS.

It has radius of 1500 km including India, Pakistan, China and the Indian Ocean. Of the 7 satellites planned, all have been launched.

small vehicles

The process of gathering information using sensors mounted on artificial satellites is known as satellite remote sensing. Different types of scanners capable of recognizing specific areas in the electromagnetic spectrum are mounted on artificial satellites. These scanners recognise different objects on the basis of spectral signatures and transmit that information digitally to ground stations. These are analysed with the help of computers and transformed into images. These are known as satellite imageries.

Spectral signature Sensors record electromagnetic radiations that are reflected or emitted by objects. Each object on the earth’s surface reflects electromagnetic radiation differently. This difference in the amount of reflection is because of the variations in the physical properties of objects. The amount of reflected energy by each object is called the spectral signature of that object.

Spatial resolution 

Sensors fixed on satellite cannot recognize objects of all sizes on the earth’s surface. Sensors with low spatial resolution can only distinguish big objects on the earth’s surface. Eg: Land, sea, hills, forests, etc. The recently developed high spatial resolution sensors can distinguish houses, vehicles, trees, etc. Spatial resolution of a sensor is the size of the smallest object on the earth’s surface that it can recognize.

Sensors

Instruments used for data collection through remote sensing are called sensors. Camera and scanners are sensors. Sensors work with the help of electromagnetic radiations. Sensors record electromagnetic radiations that are reflected or emitted by objects.