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The government of India has initiated measures to produce better quality wool. Sheep breeding farms have been set up in North India where high breed sheep like Merino and Corrie dale are being imported and reared. 

Basic industries are those industries on which various other industries depend. 

Example: Iron and steel industry. 

Consumer industries are those industries which produce various items to fulfill the day-to-day requirement of the consumers. 

Example: Sugar industry/Plastic industry. 

A) 24^th December

The following factors favour the development of the synthetic textile industry. 

1. Availability of raw material like bamboo, wood and other grasses 

2. Chemical industries which provide chemical essential for processing 

3. Plenty of river water for processing 

4. Support of research for its development 

5. Sizeable market for finished goods 

6. Availability of skilled and unskilled labour

Vedic Sukdyan : There are inspiring verses in the Vedas for an ideal life and personal and national character, which can still be the path of the world in the form of contribution of Vedic religion :

• The mantra of Rigveda, ‘Krishnante Vishwaramaryam’, says, ‘Hey gentlemen, be engrossed in the Satkarmas! Keep the world exalted while suppressing the evil sinners, suppressing the evil desires. 
• ‘Yajrajya Purajita’ : We become aware as people, ideal citizen of the nation. The mantra of Atharvaveda (7-36-1) say that enriching this nation as the cause of its good fortune. 
• The Vedic Nation (Yajurved 22-23) has prayed that the youth who will lead the nation were born. They should be chaste intellectuals, diplomats (i. e., governor, brave, obedient and great warriors) that the milk giving cows (economic prosperity), women who bear family, rain from time to time and all crops will flourish. 
• We are the trustees of the creation, so earned, we have no right to store or destroy. Therefore, the Vedas say-everyone should have a tendency to donate. ‘Sahastra Hath Samahara, Sahastra Sankir’ (in Atharva Veda by dividing it with hundreds of hands and dividing it by thousand hands), who does not share his earned money and does not divide it, the Vedas calls such food ‘the food of sin’. 
• The message of the Vedas for getting food from organic farming and its proper management. ‘O people who are following (food) conservation’ Breathe up the humane and addictive food … Give power to humans and intelligence too. 
• O man! You should go upwards, upllift, make progress, do not go downward, that is, do not undergo downfall. For this, the Vedas says. ‘Swasti Panthmanucharem’ means that we should go on the path of welfare. 
• There is a Vedic prayer for the students : ‘Madhavin Merhavinu Kurun’ ‘0’ merit wise Parmatman! The heart, which has prayed, worshipped and prayed for our deity, Rishigan and Pitragan, give us the gift of the same power of meditation today. 
• ‘Friendship is a universal review’ means that I see all friends with the same eyes. 
• ‘Manuvabha jya dyaavya janam’ means man, Give birth to the Divine within yourself. 
• The Mantra of Atharvaveda is ‘My going to be sweet, my friend is sweet. Let me talk sweetly and I should be a beautiful figure. 
• ‘Aa nah bhadra krupa yantanu vishdev’. The Vedas say that the thoughts from all sides in the world go towards me. Rig Veda says : Look! We listen to deception (good). In the Gayatri Mantra of Yajurveda, it is said: ‘Yad Bhadrtan aay suva’ meaning that which is the good, get it to us.

Correct Answer is : (b) 4

Those industries which use agricultural products as their raw materials are known as agro-based industries, for example, cotton textiles, vegetable oil and sugar industries. Industries which depend for their raw materials on minerals are known as mineral-based industries, for example, iron and steel, and ship-building industries. 

The woollen industry is not as well developed as the cotton textile industry in India because of the following reasons: 

(i) Pour quality of local wool 

(ii) Low demand as only northern India has cold winters 

(iii)Woollen clothes are expensive than cotton clothes. 

Vedic religion

(i) A) Bangladesh

(ii) A) Pakistan

The following points will bring out to show the great future of rayon textile industry in India: 

(i) The sufficient quantity of bamboo, grass and cotton waste which are necessary for the production of pulp. 

(ii) Availability of sufficient amount of chemicals, 

(iii) Availability of skilled and unskilled labour. 

(iv) Research and training centres for the production of synthetic silks have been set up in most of the rayon production cities. 

Jesus was the founder of Christian Religion and philosophy. He was born in the mountaineous part of Palestine in Bethlehem (Israel) His father Joseph and mother Mary used to work as a carpenter. Jesus Christ visited different villages to liberate the then society surrounded by superstitions, preaching people that God sees everyone in the same way. He protested against the idol worship and violence of the Jews. He was sentenced to death at the age of 30 years. He taught people to adopt truth, non-voidence, to serve the poor and sacrifice. His teachings are complied in the Holy Bible of Christian religion.

Three fundamental geographical factors that determine a viable site for setting up an industry are 

1. Raw material: Proximity to the area producing raw material is a prime requisite foe setting up an industry. For example, the iron and steel plants are concentrated in Jharkhand because this region is endowed in all the raw material (iron-ore, manganese, limestone and coal) which is used to produce steel. 

2. Power supply: Power is required for any industry in order to run machines which process the raw material into finished products. This is why industries are located near Jamshedpur and Kolkata where cheap labour is available from the Damodar Valley Project. 

3. Water: Although water is required for all the industries, it is particularly important for certain industries like the jute, food and chemical industries. The jute industry in West Bengal is very much benefited due to the availability of soft, running water in the Ganga-Brahmaputra Delta. 

D) Arab spring

Aagam literature.

Correct Answer is: (a) Vedas

 In  Rigveda.

To set up an industry, the following basic requirements must be met. 

1. The required raw material must be available. 

2. The location must be appropriate. 

3. Finance and infrastructure in terms of management and human resources must be available. 

4. The market for the finished goods must be identified.

Meaning of Purushartha : There are two parts of human life in Vedic religion—one physical and second metaphysical. The word rise is the word for the physical advancement, for the acquisition, protection and enjoyment of material. The metaphysical part is said to be spiritual, its peak achievement is salvation, which is called as ‘unselfish’. For the accomplishment of this advanced and nondiscriminatory goal, the causation acts have been called as ‘Purushartha’. Types of Purushartha :

There are four types of Purushartha. These are : 

(i) Dharma, 

(ii) Artha, 

(iii) Kama, 

(iv) Moksha.

1. Dharma (Religion) : Religion refers to the compliance of those duties, which also contribute to the progress of the society along with the person. 

2. Artha (money) : All humans need and their physical desires are fulfilled through ‘Artha’ (money). According to Vedic tenets, money is auspicious for the world, by which welfare of people is done. The meaning should be acquired by means of material pleasure. 

3. Kama : These accumulated materials should be restrained, sacrificed, and should not be left over. 

4. Moksha (Salvation) : Salvation is supreme ‘Purushartha’. It is co-operative and money (Artha) and Kama are its means : The ultimate purpose of human life is to get salvation. The attainment of salvation can happen to him in the same condition when it develops in harmony.

Arshram system : After assuming the ideal age of hundred years in Veda, the human life was divided into four parts, which are called as four ashrams : Brahamacharya, Grahastha, Vanprastha and Sanyasa. 

These are described in detail as follows:

• Brahmacharya Ashram : It is period of education and sacrament. In this stage a person prepares to become a deserving civic in future life by practising harsh tenacity. 
• Grahastha Ashram : It is considerd as the best ashram, because this ashram is the basis of all three ashrams. This ashram expects the most activism, manhood (Purushartha) and dutifulness. 
• Vanprastha ashram : The arrangement for retirement from duty of the grahastha ashram and the motivation for work of society is called Vanprastha Ashram. It is a period of working for the good of society. In this stage, the society gets the benefit of the person’s expertise and experience. 
• Sanyas Ashram : The time to build a positive, sattvik environment with the help of unselfishness while devoting oneself to God, while remaining free from worldly attachment, is called ‘Sanyas Ashram’

The Aryans believed that this world is governed by the grace of God. Each diety was depicted as a creator or ruler. The number of these were 33. 

They are divided into three parts according to their natural powers:

• Gods of earth : In this category Gods of fire, Jupiter, Som, Earth, Saraswati, etc. were kept. 
• Gods of sky : The Gods of this category were Dyos, Varun, Pashan Mitra, Sun, Vishnu, Ashwin, Usha, Aditi, etc. 
• God of space : The Gods of this category were Indra, Vaat, Rudra, Marut, Vayu, etc.

Mumbai, Ahmadabad and Surat 

In Rigveda, thoughts of Paramtatva are obtained in two forms :

• Pantheism : This idea of the ultimate element (paramtatva) is mentioned in the ‘Naasdiya Sukta’ of the Rigveda. It is clearly mentioned in this Sukta that only one supreme element (Param tatva) was present in the creation of universe, that in the creation of universe (world) the same element is fully expanded in all creation.
• Monism : It is mentioned in ‘Purush Sukta’. It is said in this Sukta that the basic element of creation is Virgin. It is spread all over the world.

• Quran Shareef 
• Hadees

Bible is the holy text of Christianity.

16 sacraments have been mentioned in the religious texts. Under these sacraments every man has to carry out these rituals from birth to death. The development of a person physically, mentally in character and in personality is possible by these sacraments. 

These sacraments are :

• In semination sacrament (Garbhadhan Sanskar), 
• Punsvan sacrament, 
• Simantanayan sacrament, 
• Jatakarma sacrament, 
• Naming sacrament, 
• Nishkraman sacrament, 
• Annaprashan sacrament, 
• Churakarma sacrament, 
• Karnabhed sacrament, 
• Vidhygurambh sacrament, 
• Upnayan sacrament, 
• Vedarambh sacrament, 
• Keshant or Gaudaan sacrament, 
• Samavartan sacrament, 
• Marriage sacrament, 
• Funeral sacrament.

Correct option is B) Jerusalem

Industries convert raw material into finished goods. By doing so, they add value to the gifts of nature. For example, a small wrist watch which may weigh a few grams of fine steel, costs much more than a tonne of iron ore. The key to India’s prosperity lies in industrialisation. The revenue generated through industrialisation can be used to provide employment, improve India’s balance of trade, alleviate poverty and improve the quality of life.

i. Northern region consisting of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Bihar 

ii. Peninsular region consisting of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh 

Fire has a lot of importance in Vedic religion. Fire had great importance in the Rigvedic era. In Rigveda there are about 200 mantras for worship of fire. Fire has been given a special importance in the Yajnas, so it was called priest, Hota, and Yagyaik. Fire has been considered to destory the demons from the entire world. It has also been called the mouth of Gods (dieties) because through this all sacrifices (Aahuti) reached to the dieties.

All these things reflect the importance of fire in Vedic religion.

Salvation means getting rid from the cycle of birth and death.

Old Testament.

Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Bihar 

An industry is defined as ‘an enterprise which produces goods or services in order to earn profit’.  

Factors affecting the location of the sugar industry are as follows. 

1. Proximity to the sugar producing areas in order to maintain timely availability of good quality of raw material 

2. Cheap labour, particularly people who are willing to work in sugar factories only for a specific time of the year 

3. Uninterrupted supply of power

Correct Answer is: (a) Yajna

The word Veda is made of the Sanskrit word (dhatu) ‘Vid’ which means knowledge. 

The kinds of Vedas are : 

(i) Rigveda, 

(ii) Yajurveda,

(iii) Samveda, 

(iv) Artharvaveda

• Rigveda : It is considered the oldest and first text of the world. In the Rigveda, there are primarily religious Suktas. It contains 10,500 mantras and 1028 suktas. It is divided into 10 divisions (Mandal) This book gives us information about the social, political, religious and economic life of the Aryans. 
• Yajurveda : Under it there are rules and regulations of the Yajnas and Havans. It is both in prose and poetry. There are 40 chapters in it. 
• Samveda : This Veda is known as the source of music and art. Under this, the way to pronounce mantras while doing Yajna (sacrificing), so that the diety can be pleased, is explained. 
• Atharaveda : It has 20 chapters (Kaand) and 732 Suktas. It also gives the principles of politics and sociology.

There are four Vedas : 

(i) Rigveda, 

(ii) Yajurveda, 

(iii) Samveda, 

(iv) Atharweda

Because the Vedas have been compiled from Shruti (oral) tradition (Parampara).

‘Rig-Veda’ is the oldest Veda.

Correct Answer is: (c) Indra

i. Andhra Pradesh – Vijayawada and Nizamabad 

ii. West Bengal – Murshidabad and 24 Paraganas 

iii. Tamil Nadu – Arkot and Madurai 

iv. Bihar – Muzzaffarpur and Darbhanga  

(a) Tasar, Eri and Muga

(b) Rayon, Terylene and Dacron

Kamrup and Hazaribagh 

a. Sugar mills in the south are in the co-operative sector. Thus, people do more work and get better dividends here under co-operative movement. 

b. Labour is comparatively cheaper in south India. 

c. In south, sugar mills are closer to the fields. This proximity prevents the loss of sugar content in transportation. 

d. There is a strong sugar lobby in Maharashtra which invests in sugar industry and tries to get maximum returns. 

This is due to the following reasons. 

a. The Ganga plain has fertile soil and heavy rainfall suitable for sugarcane cultivation. 

b. Cheap labour is easily and regularly available from this densely populated plain of India. 

c. Coal, the main source of energy used in sugar factories, is available from nearby coal mines of Bihar. 

d. This sugar belt is also a large consumer of sugar. So, easy market is available. 

Bangalore and Mysore 

In 383 BC, in Vaishali.

Demand for handloom materials is increasing because of the following reasons: 

(i) Traditional art/rich culture 

(ii) They are colourful, durable and attractive. 

Mahakashyap.

In the Saptaparni cave at Rajgrah.