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We can classify components of food on the basis of their function: 

(A) Nutrients which give energy and promote growth and development of body: 

(i) Carbohydrates 

(ii) Fats

(iii) Protein

(B) Nutrients which help in formation of body, 

(i) Protein 

(ii) Mineral salts

(iii) water

(C) Nutrients which provide protection 

(i) Vitamin

(ii) Mineral salts

(iii) Protein, water.

1. Vitamins 

2. Mineral salts.

Food is important for us because: 

1. Food gives us energy. 

2. Food is necessary for growth and development of body. 

3. It protects us from diseases. 

4. Nutritious food provides mental growth in addition to health. 

5. Helps in formation of body.

There are two main sources of carbohydrates: 

1. Starch containing sources: 

Examples, Roti, rice, potato, wheat, banana etc. 

2. Sugar containing sources: 

jaggery, sugar, dates etc.

Fibrous indigestible material in vegetable foodstuffs which aids the passage of food and waste products through the gut. Fresh fruits and wholemeal bread are important sources of roughage in the diet.

(a) False

(b) true

(c) False

(d) False

An electromagnet is just like as a bar magnet and it can attract iron pieces only. Plastic does not have any magnetic property, so electromagnet cannot be used to seperate plastic bags from garbage heap.

An electromagnet is just like as a bar magnet and it can attract iron pieces only. Plastic does not have any magnetic property, so electromagnet cannot be used to separate plastic bags from garbage heap.

It is so because sea food is a rich source of Iodine and Goitre is a deficiency disease caused due to lack of iodine.

There will be a change in the colour of substance to blue – black.

(b) Blue colour

Potato chips are tasty but they are not very nutritious. Boiled vegetables are very nutritious but they may not be tasty.

Obesity increases by eating junk food because junk food has large amount of fat.

(a) Ghee, butter

(b) Raw potato, rice

(c) Spinach, cabbage, carrot, ladyfinger (any two)

(d) Milk, egg, fish, meat, pulses (any two).

No. The towel may burn due to the heat produced by the bulb. Besides, it will also result in wastage of electric energy.

(a) Night blindness 

(b) Vitamin A

(c) Carrot, papaya, mango, milk and fish oil or any other (any four)

Paheli’s electomagnet will attract more pins as it has more number of turns of wire on it and thus a stronger electromagnet

The saree of Paheli’s teacher might have been starched, and starch turns blue black with iodine solution. Paheli’s socks did not have starch on it thereby showing no change.

Paheli must include whole grains, whole pulses, fresh fruits and vegetables in her diet as she seems to lack roughage.

(i) No, the amount of heat produced in both the cases will not be equal. Amount of heat produced in a wire depends upon the length of the wire.
(ii) No, the amount heat produced in the wire depends upon the thickness of the wire

Wash, peel, cut and cook the potatoes. Cooking in a small amount of water and then frying in a small quantity of oil conserves the nutrients.

1. A house or building of low height. 

2. If you are travelling in a bus or in a car, you are safe inside provided that doors and windows are closed.

3. If you are in a forest taking shelter under shorter trees than a taller tree is a good idea during the thunder storm.

Approximately 29 days.

No, they emit light all the time.

The answer is Sirius.

A)Neptune

B)Mars

C)Constellation

D)Moon

E)Stars

F)Mars and Jupiter

The distance of the stars from the Earth and the distance between the stars are very large. It is inconvenient to express these distances in kilometer (km). Thus, these large distances are expressed in light years. One light year is the distance travelled by light in one year. One light year is equal to 9.46 x 10¹²km. A star is located eight light years away from the Earth. This means that the distance between the star and the Earth is equivalent to the distance travelled by light in eight years, i.e., a star is located 8 x (9.46 x 10¹²) = 7.6 x 10¹³km away from the Earth.

Correct option : C
A constellation is not a member of solar system.

(a) the distance between the earth and the sun is not constant. 

(b) west to east

We will see the change after 10 years.

No. The phases are seen because the moon does not emit its own light and reflects the light of sun.

(a) less than that of Neptune. 

Constellation is a group of stars that form a recognisable pattern in the sky. 

The two constellations name are Ursa Major and Orion.

When seen from the Earth, some of the stars are in the sky appeared recognisable patterns. Some look like animals, some look like people, while some like objects. These pattern stars appear to make in the sky are called constellation. For eg:

A) ursa major

B) Orion 

Van Mahotsav is Planting trees in July.

Hint: Life may no longer exist. (See page 227-228 of textbook)

97 % earth’s total water is in the oceans.

D. it is mainly responsible for global warming 

Ozone layer in the upper atmosphere prevents ultraviolet radiations of the sun from reaching the earth.

Carbon dioxide is the major contributing gas to global warming. Human activities contribute to increasing carbon dioxide in atmosphere. Carbon dioxide traps sun’s heat and doesn't allow it to go back into space, as a result Earth’s temperature is gradually increasing which is called global warming. Global warming is a serious threat to environment and people.

Hint: 

– To reduce air pollution.

 – To control global warming.

Earth have four spheres.

All the four spheres on Earth, i.e., lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere are interrelated very closely. Due to the collective impact of all these spheres conditions favourable for life have developed on Earth.

Lithosphere is useful in many ways. It is the home of”‘ mankind. It gives space for constructing homes, obtaining fresh water and land for cultivation as well as forests and useful minerals for industries. Hydrosphere provides fresh water to all living organisms. Atmosphere provides life giving oxygen to all living organisms. No life form can survive without air and water.

That part of the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere where the living world exists is called ‘Biosphere’. This is one of the important spheres on Earth as this is the only planet in the solar system that has the biosphere. Thus all four spheres are interrelated.

71% surface area does hydrosphere cover.

D. Dust particles

There are four oceans on Earth. They are :

1. The Pacific

2. The Atlantic

3. The Indian 

4. The Arctic oceans

There are many gases present in the interior of the Earth which rise up with pressure and heat. But the pressure of rocks on the surface of Earth is equally strong. Thus a balance is maintained between the two and the crust of the earth does not break.