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According to Gay Lussac’s law of gaseous volumes, gases combine or are produced in a chemical reaction in a simple ratio by volume, provided that all gases are at the same temperature and pressure.

Correct option: (B) 0.960

6.022 x 10²³ dioxygen molecules are present in

1 mole i.e., 32 g of dioxygen.

∴ 1.8 x 10²² dioxygen molecules will be present in \(\cfrac{1.8\, \times\,10^{22}\,\times\,32}{6.022 \,\times\,10^{23}}\) = 0.96 g of dioxygen.

Python supports most of the OOP concepts like encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism.

Speed, accuracy, diligence, storage capability and versatility are some of the key characteristics of a computer. A brief overview of these characteristics are :

1. Speed: The computer can process data very fast, at the rate of millions of instructions per second. Some calculations that would have taken hours and days to complete otherwise, can be completed in a few seconds using the computer.

2. Accuracy: Computer provides a high degree of accuracy. For example, the computer can accurately give the result of the division of any two numbers up to 30 decimal places.

3. Diligence: When used for a longer period of time, the computer does not get tired or fatigued. It can perform long and complex calculations with the same speed and accuracy from the start to the end.

4. Storage Capability : Large volumes of data and information can be stored in the computer and also retrieved whenever required. A limited amount of data can be stored temporarily in the primary memory. Secondary storage devices like DVD and compact disk can store a large amount of data permanently.

Python has relatively few keywords, simple structure, and a clearly defined syntax. This allows the student to pick up the language in a relatively short period of time.

Python was developed by Guido van Rossum in the late eighties and early nineties at the National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science in the Netherlands

abcdefghij 

print word[:3] + word[3:]

Yes. PyChecker is a static analysis tool that finds bugs in Python source code and warns about code complexity and style. Pylint is another tool that checks if a module satisfies a coding standard, and also makes it possible to write plug-ins to add a custom feature.

A computer is an electronic device which can perform various operations correctly and fast. For example data processing, huge calculations etc. Characteristics of computer :

1. Speed : Its speed is very fast. A modern computer can execute millions of instructions in one second.

2. Accuracy : A computer can give accurate results up to 20 to 30 places of decimal.

3. High storage capacity : A computer can store large amount of data in very small space.

4. Versatility: A computer c3n do different types of tasks like data processing, graphics, audio and visual effects.

5. Repetitive: A computer makes no mistake in repeating anything as many times.

Yes,

1.  Pychecker is a static analysis tool that finds bugs in Python source code and warns about code complexity and style.

2.  Pylint is another tool that checks if a module statisfies a coding standards, and also makes it possible to write plug-ins to add a custom feature.

Bit (Binary Digit): A bit is the smallest elementary unit of memory, which can store one binary signal either 0 or 1. A group of 8 bits is called a byte. A group of 4 bits is called a nibble.

Memory Unit stores the data, instructions, intermediate results and output temporarily, during the processing of data. This memory is also called the main memory or primary memory of the computer. The input data that is to be processed is brought into the main memory before processing.

Olympic games were started in village Olympia. That is why it is known as Olympic.

The memory stores data temporarily or permanently. 

Computer memory is of two types :

1. Primary Memory (Main Memory): The primary or main memory holds the data and information during processing. It holds data temporarily, as we switch off the computer the information vanishes. 

For example : RAM.

2. Secondary Memory: It can store data permanently on the computer but it cannot process data. It is meant for permanent storage of data and information. 

For example CD-ROM, DVD-ROM.

Any two limitations or weaknesses of a computer system are as follows :

1. Lack of intelligence/Lack of decision making power : No doubt, computer is a powerful machine but cannot decide on its own that what it is supposed to do as a machine. This is a serious limitation of a computer system and it is an artificially intelligent machine.

2. Need of special language: A computer can understand only the binary language, in which the information is represented in terms of only two symbols, namely 0 and 1. This is not the natural language of human beings and learning of the binary language is not an easy task.

It was started in 776 in Greece.

Primary memory: This is the storage section of the computer which is used to store data or instructions or both for processing purpose. This is non-volatile in nature.

Python is a high-level, interpreted, interactive and object oriented-scripting language.

Second Generation is from 1956 to 1963 (used Transistors).

First Generation is from 1940 to 1956 (used Vacuum Tubes).

Control unit.

RAM : RAM stands for Random Access Memory. This is the main memory of the computer used to retain user’s instructions and data for processing purpose. This is volatile in nature.

Yes, we can connect with all major commercial databases.

ROM: ROM stands for Read Only Memory. ROM applies to semiconductor memory whose contents cannot be altered, once they have been set. So non-volatile in nature.

Source Program : A program which is written by the programmer in the high-level language or in assembly language, which is to be converted into machine language by the compiler is known as source program. 

Object Program : The source program is converted into machine level instruction for execution. This converted program (in the machine language) is known as an object program.

There are five gem nations of the computer.

Yes, Python can be easily integrated with C + +.

The computer consists of the following basic units :

1. Input unit

2. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

3. Output unit

4. Memory unit

The CPU has two subunits : 

(A) Control Unit (CU): Control unit controls the entire operation being carried out. 

(B) Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): It performs the arithmetic and logical operations.

(a)  Numbers 

(b)  String 

(c)  List 

(d)  Tuple 

(e)  Dictionary

IPO cycle refers to the Input Process Output cycle where every operation undergoes the phases namely input, process, and output.

Napier’s Bone was a mechanical device built for the purpose of multiplication in 1617 A.D. by an English mathematician John Napier.

Yes, Python supports GUI applications.

Data: Data means facts and figures. Data is unprocessed information. 

For example: Siddharth, 40400195, M. 

Information: Information means what we get after processing data i.e., processed data. In other words, information is processed data. 

For example :

PROM: PROM stands for Programmable Read Only Memory. A control memory in which stored contents can be altered once after they have been set.

Lee Dee Forest invented vacuum tubes in 1906.

This statement  is true.

The CPU is the control center for a computer. It controls, directs and manages the entire performance of the computer. The CPU has two different parts which are responsible for different functions.

Yes, List is a standard data type.

Calculating machine ABACUS is not called a computer, it can almost be called a computer.

EPROM: EPROM stands for Erasable Programm able Read Only Memory. It can be erased and programmed with a special type of equipment. If it is exposed in ultraviolet light, it allows data to be erased and reprogrammed.

Vacuum tubes were used in first generation computers.

Two semi-automatic calculating devices are as follows :

1. Pascaline.

2. Difference Engine.

The two manual calculating devices are as follows:

1. ABACUS

2. Napier Bones.

Mechanical calculating devices can be classified into following categories :

1. Manual Calculating Devices.

2. Semi-automatic Calculating Devices.

Input Unit : An input unit takes the input and converts it into binary form so that it can be understood by CPU for processing accordingly. 

For example : Keyboard, Mouse, Joystick, Scanner, Camera, Magnetic Ink Character Reader (MICR), Bar Code Reader (BCR) etc.

Data is derived from a word ‘datum’ i.e. a fact. Data is a collection of raw facts and figures. Data processing system is a computer-based system which converts data into information.

EEPROM: EEPROM stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory. This type of ROM can be erased and programmed with the help of an electric pulse.

A computer is an electronic device which can process data to give meaningful information with the help of a set of instructions called ‘Program’. 

In a computer, following are the advantages as compared to man :

1. It is faster as compared to human beings

2. It is more accurate in comparison to the human being. “

3. It can store a huge amount of information that can be retrieved instantly as compared to the human beings.

4. It is immune to boredom and tiredness.

5. It is versatile, can do different types of work with the same accuracy and speed.

A computer has the following disadvantages :

1. A computer does not have its own intelligence that a man has.

2. A computer cannot work without power (electric or battery)

Charles Babbage is known as the Father of Computers.

Lady Ada Lovelace.