Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Yuan Chwang visited Kanchi and recorded that people of all religions received tolerant and just treatment under the rule of the Pallava kings.

Correct option is (a) Shaka

Correct option is (b) increased

Kanchipuram in Tamil Nadu was the capital of the Pallava kingdom.

Correct option is (c) Cher

Correct option is (a) composed

The capital of the Pandya kingdom was Madurai.

Gautamiputra Satakarni was a very well known Satavahana king.

The army was reorganized and strengthened. The number of British soldiers was increased and the artillery placed exclusively under their control.

Pratishthan or the preseht day Paithan in Maharashtra was the capital of the Satavahana dynasty.

The Satavahana kings were known to follow the custom of writing their mother’s name before their own.

Kitab-ul-Hind was written by Al-Biruni in 1031. It was considered with India and also known by the name of Tarikh-ul-Hind and Tahqiq-ma-ul-Hind. It was written in Arabic. It is divided into 80 Chapters. They have thrown a detailed light on Hindu religions and philosphy, festivals, customs and tradition, the social and economic as well as political life of the people. In each chapter he adopted a distinctive style and had a question in the beginning. It was followed by a description based on Sanskrit tradition, At last he compare the India culture with other culture. This geometric structure he followed is known for its precision and predictability. The main reason for this structure was Al-Biruni’s mathematical orientation.

ICing Simuk was the founder of the Satavahana dynasty.

1. Gopuram is a large pyramidal tower constructed over the entrance gate of a temple. 

2. Mandapam were pillared outdoor the hall for public rituals.

a. Water requirement of Vijayanagara were met by the river Tungabhadra. 

b. Tanks were made to overcome this problem. 

c. Kamalapuram tank was used for irrigation and needs of the royal centers. 

d. Hiriya canal was the most prominent water works.

1.Weakness of the Central Government. 

2. Weak successor. 

3. Rules of the different dynasties. 

4. Continuos struggles against Bahamani Empire. 

5. Role of Army. 

6. Battle of Talikota.

1.Architects were influenced by the Indo-Islamic architectural styles. 

2.Huge structure of temple. 

3. Gopuram and Mandapas. 

4.Temples were the symbol of Kings Power and resource. 

5.Building of story upon story above the "garbhgriha" called Vimana. 

6.Architecture was 'Dravida Style' but it had its own distinct features. 

7.Temples have a Kalyanamandapa, used to music, dance, drama etc.

1.The King. 

2.Cabinet minister. 

3.Provincial Government. 

4.Local administration. 

5.Judicial administration.

6.Financial administration. 

7.Amar Nayak System.

1.His period is characterized by expansion and consolidation. 

2. Broad toleration prevailed in his empire. 

3. After a series of battles Vijayanagara emerged as a strongest military power. 

4. Preach and Prosperity. 

5. Efficient administration under his sway. 

6. Productive agriculture. 

7. Flourished inland coastal and overseas trade. 

8. He was a great builder. 

9. He was a scholar of Telugu and Patron of Telugu, Kannada and Tamil poets. 

10. He was a man of justice.

Correct answer is (b) 15

(a) Change in the price of the commodity itself

Two basic characteristics of monopoly are (i) single seller and large number of buyers (ii) no close substitutes.

Price line under monopolistic competition is more elastic than under monopoly.

Price line under perfect competition is a horizontal straight line parallel to X-axis.

No. Under perfect competition, an individual firm cannot change the price. But market price can change owing to changes in demand and supply.

False. A monopolist can sell more quantity only by lowering the price because the monopolist controls only the supply and not the demand.

Yes. Under perfect competition, there are large number of buyers and sellers of a homogeneous product. No single seller by changing his supply can influence the price.

Under monopoly there are no close substitutes of the goods but under monopolistic competition there are close substitutes of the goods in the market. Therefore, monopoly consumers have no choice other than buying the product whereas in the monopolistic competition, close substitution provide a variety of options for the consumer. It makes the demand under monopolistic competition more elastic than under monopoly.

It remains constant as the commodities are sold at a homogeneous price. Because under perfect competition, a firm is a price taker.

(c) Both Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly.

Equilibrium price is greater than market price.

The equilibrium price will rise.

(a) Perfect competition

Perfect competition.

Equilibrium price will remain unchanged.

Yes. In case of monopoly, there is single seller and large number of buyers. Under monopolistic competition, there are large numbers of both buyers and sellers.

No change in the market price, equilibrium quantity will increase.

Fatimah did not like Mahfuz Ali because he was a stammerer. He could not pronounce words clearly. Urchins started mimicking him the moment they set eyes on him. It was just a step removed from being hounded like a madman and pelted with stones.

फातिमा को महफूज अली पसंद नहीं था क्योंकि वह हकलाता था। वह स्पष्ट रूप से शब्दों का उच्चारण नहीं कर सकता था। जैसे ही आवारा छोकरों की उस पर नजर पड़ती वे उसे चिढाने लगते थे। यह एक पागल आदमी के रूप में पीछा किये जाने तथा पत्थर फेंके जाने से कुछ ही कम था।

In the story, Najab is a very shy boy. His father doubts that he is so shy that he will not be able to charge money for what he sells. But one-day Najab saw the daughter of the spice-seller. Her name was Fatimah. She was an honour. Najab fell in love with her. But the girl was from Pakistan. To get her hand he had to cross the desert and international border where the rangers of both the countries patrolled all the time. He had earlier crossed the border four times so he knew when to cross the border. But he crossed during the day time. In crossing the border he and his camel got exhausted and injured. Finally, he reached Fatimah’s house and succeeded in eloping with her and crossing the border. So it can be said that the title of the story is apt.

उक्त कहानी में नायक नजब एक बहुत ही शर्मीली प्रकृति का लड़का है। उसके पिता को इस बात का संदेह है कि वह इतना शर्मीला है कि वह किसी वस्तु को बेचने के बाद ग्राहक से उसकी कीमत तक नहीं मांग पाएगा। लेकिन एक दिन नजब मसाले बेचने वाले की लड़की को देखता है। उसका नाम फातिमा है। वह अत्यधिक सुंदर है। वह उससे प्यार कर बैठता है। लेकिन वह लड़की पाकिस्तान की रहने वाली है। उसको पाने के लिए उसे भरी गर्मी में रेगिस्तान में अंतरर्राष्ट्रीय सीमा पार करनी पड़ती है। जहाँ पर दोनों देशों के रेंजर्स हर समय पहरा देते हैं। वह इस सीमा को इससे पहले चार बार पार कर चुका था इसलिए उसे पता था कि सीमा को किस समय पार किया जावे। लेकिन उसने सीमा को दिन में पार किया। सीमा पार करने में वह और उसका ऊँट बुरी तरह से थक गये व घायल हो गये। आखिरकारे नजब फातिमा के घर पहुँचकर उसे सरहद पार भगा लाने में सफल हुआ। अतः यह कहा जा सकता है कि कहानी का शीर्षक बिल्कुल उपयुक्त है।

Aftab opened the door three times during the night because he thought that his son had come. Nobody was knocking at the door. It was only the wind knocking against the door.

आफताब ने रात को तीन बार दरवाजा खोला क्योंकि उसने सोचा कि उसका पुत्र आ गया होगा। दरवाजे को कोई भी नहीं खटखटा रहा था। केवल हवा ही दरवाजे से टकरा रही थी।

In the beginning, when the Rann had been described, there was drought. There was no hope for life. In the meantime, a girl named Fatimah came. She proved fortunate for the village. The day she arrived, it rained and the drought ended. The chief character of the story, Najib fell in love with Fatimah. Fatimah also got attracted towards Najib and he could not control over himself. At the end of the story there is a description of the Rann but this time Najib has eloped with his beloved and crossed the international border. In crossing the border his camel, Allaharakha helped him. The rain is described again. His mother also helped him in this planning. Father became too much worried about Najib. On hearing the knock at the door he opened the door three times but this sound was due to the wind.

पहली बार जब रण का वर्णन किया गया उस समय वहाँ पर अत्यधिक सूखा पड़ा हुआ था। जीवन की कोई आशा नजर नहीं आ रही थी। लेकिन इसी बीच वहाँ फातिमा नाम की एक लड़की आई। वह उस गाँव के लिए भाग्यशाली साबित हुई। जिस दिन वह गाँव मे आई उसी दिन बरसात हुई तथा वहाँ का सूखा समाप्त हो गया। इस कहानी का मुख्य पात्र नजब फातिमा को अपना दिल दे बैठा था। फातिमा भी उसकी ओर आकर्षित हो गई और नजब भी अपने आपको इससे रोक नहीं पाया। कहानी के अंत में फिर से रण का वर्णन है लेकिन इस बार नजब अपनी प्रेमिका को अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय सरहद पार करवाकर भगा लाया है। सरहद पार कराने में उसके ऊँट अल्लाहरखा ने उसको पूरी तरह से साथ दिया। पुनः बरसात का वर्णन होता है। उसके इस षड्यंत्र में उसकी माँ ने उसका साथ दिया। पिताजी नजब के लिए अत्यधिक चिंतित हुए। दरवाजे पर खटखटाहट की आवाज सुनकर उन्होंने रात में तीन बार दरवाजा खोला लेकिन यह आवाज हवा के कारण हुई थी।

The religious place, Panchami Pir was situated on the hilltop of Kala Doonger. There were footprints of Panchami Pir on it. When someone wanted to start a new work or set out on a journey, he would go there to pay homage. When he went there, he would leave some food there and started beating on his thali. In a few moments, jackals would materialise and gobbled up the food he had offered. If the jackals appeared and ate the offered food, it was considered auspicious and he could do what he wanted to do. If they did not turn up, it would be a sign of bad omen. Then he would have to cancel his plan and return home. A lamp was lighted in the Pir’s honour every night on the hilltop. This ritual was widely respected by the local population.

धार्मिक स्थान, पंचमई पीर काला डूंगर पहाड़ी की चोटी पर स्थित था। वहाँ पंचमई पीर के पदचिह्न बने थे। जब कोई नया काम शुरू करना चाहता या यात्रा शुरू करना चाहता था तो वह अपना आदर प्रदर्शित करने के लिये वहाँ जाता था। वह वहाँ पीर की सेवा में उपस्थित होता था, वह कुछ खाना वहाँ रखकर थाली बजाता था। कुछ ही पलों में सियार आ जाते और रखे हुए भोजन को खा जाते तो इसे शुभ समझा जाता था और ऐसा आयोजन करने वाला वह कुछ कर सकता था, जिसे वह करना चाहता था। यदि सियार आकर भोजन खा जाते थे, तो इसे शुभ समझा जाता था। यदि सियार उपस्थित नहीं होते थे, तो यह अशुभ होता था। तब उसे अपनी योजना को स्थगित करके घर लौटना पड़ता था। पहाड़ी की चोटी पर पीर के सम्मान में प्रत्येक रात्रि को एक दीपक जलाया जाता था। इस धार्मिक अनुष्ठान का स्थानीय लोगों में बड़ा मान था।

Over a hundred years earlier the Panchami Pir accompanied by a jackal had trudged these salt wastes serving the people. He was reclusive by habit. He used to retire to thorny jungles. The customs of feeding the jackals had started since then.

इन नमक वाले भू-भाग (प्रदेश) के लोगों की सेवा के लिए पंचमई पीर एक सियार के साथ यहाँ तक चले आए थे। वे एकांतवासी प्रकृति के थे। वह काँटों (कँटीली झाड़ियों) के जंगल में वापस चले जाया करते थे। सियारों को भोजन कराने की यह परम्परा तभी से शुरू हुई थी।

Bhungas are one-room mud houses. They are circular at the base, but tapering into conical thatch roofs at the top. They are found in villages of desert-like Kuran in Sindh and Kutch.

भुनगे मिट्टी के बने एक कमरे वाले मकान हैं। वे जमीन पर गोलाकार रूप में होते है किन्तु ऊपर उठने पर छत शंकु के आकार के छप्परों से बनी होती है। वे सिंध व कच्छ में रेगिस्तान के कुरान जैसे गाँवों में पाये जाते हैं।

Kaley Shah was tall and well-fleshed and his thick-jowled face had a purple tinge about it as if somewhere along the way it had got stuck with a discoloured patch. He always wore a Rahmat of black and white checks.

काले शाह लम्बा, अच्छी चरबी वाला और फूले गालों वाला था जिसका चेहरा बैंगनी रंग लिए था, कुछ ऐसे ही जैसे कहीं-कहीं यह रंगहीन धब्बे के रूप में अटक-सा गया हो। वह हमेशा काले-सफेद चारखाने (चेक्स्) वाली तहमद पहनता था।

(d) father-daughter

Najib and Fatimah loved each other very much. When Najib went to Fatimah to take her with him facing so many problems, she became very happy because it was the sweet fruit which both of them had been expecting for a long time.

नजब और फातिमा परस्पर बहुत प्यार करते थे। जब नजब फातिमा को लाने के लिए कईं कठिनाइयों का सामना कर उसके पास पहुँचा तो वह बहुत प्रसन्न हुई क्योंकि यह उनके प्यार की ऐसी परिणति थी जिसकी दोनों ही। बहुत समय से प्रतीक्षा कर रहे थे।

He addressed Najab as a pig and expressed his anger shouting loudly. Besides, he blamed Najab that he had made a blunder by crossing the border without informing him.

उसने नजेब को सूअर कहा और चिल्ला-चिल्ला कर क्रोध प्रकट किया। इसके अलावा उसने नजब पर आरोप लगाया कि बिना उसे सूचित किए सीमा पार करके उसने एक भयंकर भूल की थी।

There were patrolling parties in both countries. They had binoculars they kept a watch with the help of binoculars from bamboo watchtowers on the international boundary.

वहाँ पर दोनों देशों की ओर से निगरानी दल थे। उनके पास दूरबीनें थी। वे अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सरहद पर बाँस से बने टावरों से अपनी दूरबीनों से निगरानी रखते थे।

Aftab thought that she would faint when she would know about it but she did not even blink in surprise. Then he understood that she was waist-deep in that conspiracy along with her son.

आफताब ने सोचा कि जब उसकी पत्नी को यह बात पता चलेगी तो वह बेहोश हो जाएगी लेकिन उसने आश्चर्य में पलक तक न झपकाई। तब उसने समझा कि अपने बेटे के साथ-साथ वह भी इस षड्यंत्र में पूरी तरह शामिल थी।