Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

• Financial loss. 
• Chemical pollution. 
• Destruction of microorganisms 
• Health issues.

White leghorn, Rhode Island Red, Plymouth Rock, New Hampshire

a. Nontoxic food 

b. Maximum utilization of land/space 

c. Exercise 

d. Mental Pleasure 

e. Collaborative work of family members

In this method of farming the nature of soil, quality of elements in the soil, pH value of soil, presence of water etc, in the crop field are tested using modem technology and appropriate crops are selected for cultivation.

honeybees  .

(d) Syhlet meta

Peculiarity of ducks: The ducks body is fully covered with oily feathers. They have a layer of fat under their skin which prevents it from getting wet. They lay eggs at night or in the morning. The ducks feed on rice bran, kitchen wastes, waste fish and snails.

Benefits of Poultry farming are: 

1. It does not require high capital for construction and maintenance of the poultry farming.

2. It does not require a big space. 

3. It ensures high return of investment within a very short period of time. 

4. It provides fresh and nutritious food and has a huge global demand. 

5. It provides employment opportunities for the people.

Answer Apiculture

Types of Poultry farming: There are different methods used to rear both broiler and layer chicken. The types of poultry farming are Free range farming, Organic method, Yarding method, Battery cage method and Furnished cage method. Among these, Battery cage method is widely used in large scale poultry farms. The Free range, Organic and Yarding methods are eco-friendly and the eggs produced by such farming practices are preferred in the market.

Queen is the functional female bee present in each bee hive.

Care and management of honey bees on a commercial scale for the production of honey is called Apiculture or Bee keeping.

There are three types of ducks depending on the purpose for which it is formed. They are meat productive duck breeds, egg productive duck breeds, and breeds for both meat and egg production.

In honey bees, a highly organized division of labour is found. A well developed honey bee colony consists of the Queen, Drones and Workers. All the three types depend on each other for their existence. There is normally one queen, 10,000 to 30,000 workers and few hundred drones (male bees) in a colony.

1. Apis dorsata – Rock bee 

2. Apisflorea – Little bee 

3. Apisindica – Indian bee 

4. Apis mellifera – European bee 

5. Apis adamsoni – African bee

Drone is the functional male member of the honey bee colony.

The process of leaving the colony by the queen with a large group of worker bees to form a new colony is called Swarming.

(a) tetraploidy

(A) 4/16

Four double heterozygous individuals (AaBb) are formed in a typical Mendelian dihybrid cross.

We can’t see cell with naked eye is true. All living things formed by microscopic cells which are visible through microscope only but the egg of birds is visible without microscope. The size of the cells in living organism may be as small as the millionth of a meter. Most of the cells either in unicellular and multicellular are small in size to perform all the life processes perfectly. The smallest cell 0.1 to 0.5 micrometers found in bacteria. Some of the cells can be seen with naked eye. The largest cell 17 cm x 18 cm egg of Ostrich.

Preparation of slide is a technique to observe microscopic structures. Microscopic slide is prepared on a 2 mm thick. Thin flat plant material directly placed in a drop of water on the glass slide. A drop of glycerin is added to the water to keep the material for longer time. Glycerine saves the material from drying quickly.

Glycolysis is also called as EMP (Embden Meyerhof Parnas) pathway. Glycolysis is the process of breakdown of glucose or similar hexose sugar to two molecules of pyruvic acid through a series of enzyme mediated reactions releasing some energy (ATP) and reducing power (NADH). It occurs in cytosol or cytoplasm.

a) Complexity of cell structure 

b) Body organisation 

c ) Modes of nutrition

1. What do you mean by unicelluar organism? 

2. What do you mean by multicellular organism? 

3. Give examples for unicellular and multicellular organisms. 

4. What are the differences between unicellular and multicellular organism?

1. Are all the cells similar in shape and size? 

2. Do you find nuclei in all the cells? 

3. How many different types of cells could you see? 

4. What are the different shapes of the cells? 

5. Do all the cells one of the same in length?

A. Nucleus 

B. Cytoplasm 

C. Cell membrane 

D. Vacuole 

E. Nucleus 

F. Cell wall 

G. Cell membrane 

H. Vocuole 

I. Vacuole

Instrument for measuring respiratory quotient as well as rate of respiration is called as respirometer.

The Shimla agreement was a peace treaty signed in Shimla, India, by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, the President of Pakistan, and Indira Gandhi, the Prime Minister of India in July, 1972. The treaty was signed after the War of 1971 between both the countries and effort was made to negotiate peace and cooperation. The agreement led to the diplomatic recognition of Bangladesh by Pakistan, the recognition of ceasefire line as LOC in Jammu & Kashmir and steps were decided to be taken to resume bilateral relations.

The government of Pakistan began to violate the rights of the people of East Pakistan and subsequently large number of refugees from East Pakistan came into Indian region of Assam, Bengal and North-East. Pakistan also began to attack Indian border posts across the West Pakistan border in Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat. This caused India to retaliate in defence against the Pakistani forces and support the people of East Pakistan. The Pakistani forces in East Pakistan were defeated by India and a new country was formed called ‘Bangladesh’.

The main reasons for the War of 1971 between India and Pakistan were:

(i) West Pakistan began to commit atrocities against the people of East Pakistan and this led to large flow of refugees from East Pakistan into India. This caused India to intervene in support of the people of East Pakistan.

(ii) Pakistan also attacked Indian border posts in Rajasthan, Kashmir and across the West Pakistan border. This caused India to retaliate in defence against the Pakistani forces. The Pakistani forces in East Pakistan surrendered to India and East Pakistan was liberated and emerged as a new country called ‘Bangladesh’.

The main cause of the 1971 war was the problem of Bangladesh.

Issues of conflict between India and Pakistan leading to War in 1971: 

1. A serious armed struggle arose between India and Pakistan in December 1971 when Pakistan attacked Punjab and Rajasthan. In turn, India had to retaliate against a war against Pakistan. 

2. India had to bear 80 lakh refugees who fled from East Pakistan to take shelter in India. 

Hence, India had to extend moral and material support to the freedom struggle in Bangladesh against Pakistan.

The 1947-48 war resulted in the division of the province into Pakistan occupied Kashmir (Pok) and the Indian province of Jammu and Kashmir divided by the Line of Control (LOC). Pakistan claims Kashmir to be its part but India presumes it to be its integral part. Hence, these conflicts led to war in 1971 and India won but the issues remain unsettled.

1. India supported the demand of East Pakistan financially and militarily. 

2. The war of 1971 made Pakistani forces to surrender in East Pakistan. 

3. Bangladesh was formed as an independent country. 

4. Bangladesh drafted its constitution declaring faith in secularism, democracy, and socialism.

Although Indo-Pakistan relations seem to be a story of endemic conflict and violence, there has been a series of efforts to manage tensions and build peace under the various agreements: 

1. Agreed to undertake confidence-building measures to reduce the risk of war. 

2. Social activists and prominent personalities have collaborated to create an atmosphere of friendship. 

3. Leaders have met at summits to create better understanding. 

4. Bus routes have been opened up between these two countries. 

5. Trade between the two parts of Punjab has increased substantially in the last five years. 

6. Visas have been given more easily. Despite above-mentioned agreements and initiatives, we cannot be sure that both the countries are well on their way to friendship, still, some areas of conflict exist there to be sorted out.

Geopolitics refers togetherness of countries who are bound with each other geographically and their interests are also interlinked politically and economically.

Countries included in South Asia are India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and the Maldives. South Asian countries are diverse in every sense, still, constitute one geopolitical space by enhancing peace and cooperation in the following way- 

1. People in all these countries share an aspiration of a fair democracy. 

2. South Asian members recognize the importance of cooperation and friendly relations among themselves. 

3. SAARC is the regional initiative to evolve cooperation among member states. 

4. SAARC members have signed South Asia Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) to free trade for the whole of South Asia.

SAARC stands for South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation for mutual trust and understanding among states of South Asia. 

Role of SAARC: 

1. SAARC is a regional initiative among South Asian states to evolve cooperation since 1985 onwards. 

2. It consists of seven member’s to encourage mutual harmony and understanding. 

3. SAARC has initiated SAFTA (South Asian Free Trade Agreement) to form free trade zones for whole South Asia for collective economic security. 

4. SAARC has projected on the economic development of its member states to reduce their dependencies on the non-regional powers.

Co-operation: 

1. Economic relations have been improved considerably in the last ten years. 

2. Bangladesh is the part of India’s ‘Look East’ policy to link up South East Asia via Myanmar. 

3. Both the countries have cooperated regularly on the issues of disaster management and environment. 

Confrontation: 

1. Bear differences over several issues including the sharing of Ganga and Brahmaputra river water. 

2. India is unhappy on the issues of denial of illegal immigration, refusal to allow Indian troops and not to export natural gas to India.

LTTE emerged from 1983 onwards on the negligence of Tamil interest by Sri Lanka government. Hence, ‘Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam’ (LTTE) took birth demanding a separate state for Tamil in Sri Lanka.

South Asia signifies a group of seven countries i.e. Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and the Maldives who stand for diversity in every sense but still constitute one geopolitical space.

General Ayub Khan.

Military rule and democracy co-exist or are the two sides of a coin can be examined with the following facts:

1. After the implementation of the first constitution in Pakistan, General Ayub Khan took the command but was overthrown by military general Yahya Khan due to the dissatisfaction of rule. 

2. Again in 1971, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto formed an elected government which was later removed by General Zia-ul- Haq in 1977. 

3. 1982 onwards, pro-democracy movements took place resulting an elected democratic government in 1988 under the leadership of Benazir Bhutto, replaced by Nawaz Sharif. 

4. Nawaz Sharif was again removed by General Pervez Musharraf in 1999 and in 2005, he got himself elected as president but was later dethroned by the court.

India has following problems with Pakistan: 

1. The problem of Kashmir on the issues of Pak occupied Kashmir (Pok) and Line of Control (LOC). India claims Kashmir to be its integral part and Pakistan refuses to accept it. Hence, wars took place in 1965 and 1971, but the issue remained unsettled. 

2. Problems over starting issues like control of Siachen glacier and over the acquisition of arms involved both the states acquiring nuclear weapons and missiles to deliver such arms against each other in the 1990s. 

3. Pakistan government has been blamed for using a strategy of low key violence by helping Kashmiri militants with arms, training, money, and protection to carry out terrorist strikes against India. 

4. Pak’s spy agency Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) is alleged to involve in various anti-India campaigns.

The various countries in South Asia have experienced mixed record of democracies and the people also share an aspiration for democracy to be flourished not only in rich or developed countries but in developing and underdeveloped countries also which can be drawn from the examples of Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Maldives, because:

1. Every ordinary citizen, rich or poor belonging to different religions view the idea of democracy positively and support the institutions of representative democracy. 

2. They prefer democracy over any other form of democracy and think that democracy is suitable for their country.

1. To provide an integrated programme for regional development. 

2. To accelerate economic growth, social progress in the region.

SAFTA: South Asian Free Trade Area Agreement.

The various countries in South Asia have experienced mixed record of democracies and the people also share an aspiration for democracy to be flourished not only in rich or developed countries but in developing and underdeveloped countries also which can be drawn from the examples of Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Maldives, because: 

1. Every ordinary citizen, rich or poor and belonging to different religions view the idea of democracy positively and support the institutions of representative democracy.

2. They prefer democracy over any other form of democracy and think that democracy is suitable for their country.