Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

(c) Oedogonium 

According to Mora et.al., in 2011, the number of estimated species on Earth is 8.7 Million.

• The bacteria Rhizobium forms root nodules in the leguminous crops only and lives in symbiotic association with the plant. 
• They help to convert atmospheric nitrogen to nitrate salts in the soil thereby adding to soil fertility. 
• Hence growing leguminous crops in crop rotations / mixed cropping helps to maintain fertility of the soil. 

• He can grow leguminous plants along with other crops by mixed cropping or crop rotation. 
• The symbiotic bacteria Rhizobium forms root nodules in legume plants and fixes atmospheric nitrogen as nitrate salts in the soil which increases fertility of the soil. 
• Biofertilizers Eg : Nostoc, Anabaena can also be used to increase soil fertility. 

Stem cuttings: Cuttings of stems of higher plants are used for vegetative propagation. Eg. Sugarcane. 

Fragmentation : The plants body of lower plants like algae break into fragments and each fragment can grow independently into new plants. 

• Both serve for vegetative propagation. 
• But stem cutting is a artificial method. 
• Fragmention is a natural method.

• Living cells grow by the addition of new protoplasm within the cells. 
• Therefore, growth in living thing is intrinsic. 

• Each pathogen is specific to a host and cannot attack all organisms. 
• Albugo causes white rust in greens which is the specific host plant for it. Hence other vegetable crops are found healthy. 

Albugo belongs to oomycetes.

In Agaricus, somatogamy type of sexual reproduction occurs.

(b) Erysiphe

The answer is (b) many

If a mycelium contains multinucleate and aseptate hyphae, it is described as Coenocytic. 

War ended in 1783 in USA.

• The 1st Article of the Declaration says that ‘All men are free and equal in rights’. 
• The 6th Article of the Declaration says that ‘All citizens have the right to participate in the formation of laws’. 
• But the Constitution of 1791 contradicted with the Declaration of Rights in giving all the citizens equal political rights. 
• According to the Constitution only men above 25 years of age and who paid taxes equal to at least 3 days of a labourer’s wage were given the right to vote.
• Thus the Constitution violates the Declaration of Rights. 
• Thus we can say two documents contradicted with each other. They do not convey the same idea.

The Declaration of Independence was adopted in 1776.

England established thirteen colonies in the USA.

VAM – It is vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza where the hyphae send vesicular and branched haustoria into root cortical cells for obtaining nourishment in endomychorrhiza
eg:
Ectomychorrhiza – Laccaria, Hebeloma, Psilocybes
Endomuchorrhiza – Sclerocystis, Gigaspora, Glomos.

The president of the USA, Monroe declared that if any of the Europeans interfere anywhere in America, it would be equal to waging a war against the Americans. This threat frightened the European powers. By 1930, the whole of South America was free from European domination. This was called the Monroe Doctrine.

“No Taxation without Representation” was the slogan of the American war of independence.

• Yes. Women need to have equal status with men. 
• They need to educate themselves, participate in active politics. 
• Yes, the political activities of French women during the revolutionary years were kept alive as an inspiring memory

• A Bill of Rights was adopted guaranteeing the freedom of speech, religion and rule of law were enacted. 
• This paved way for the establishment of the United States of America.

a. The Judiciary, the Executive and the Legislature are the three bodies among which the powers are distributed.

b. The Active Citizens were entitled to vote.

c. There were 745 members in the National Assembly.

d. No, he was under the control of the National Assembly.

e. The citizens with no voting rights were the passive citizens.

• The period from 1793 to 1794, in France, is referred as the Reign of Terror. 
• Robespierre followed a policy of severe control and punishment. 
• A lot of restrictions on food items were imposed. 
• Robespierre pursued his policies so relentlessly that even his supporters began to demand moderation. 
• Finally, he was convicted by a court in July 1794, arrested and on the next day sent to the guillotine.

Huynh Phu So was a revolutionary leader who started an anti-French movement known as the Hoa Hoa. He was declared the “Mad Bonze” and put in a mental asylum by the French. He performed miracles and helped the poor; condemning unnecessary expenses, gambling, intoxication and the sale of child brides. Interestingly, he was declared sane in 1941, but was exiled to Laos after the doctor treating him also became his follower.

Carbon is C 

Chlorine is Cl 

Calcium is Ca 

Cobalt is Co 

Copper is Cu 

Argon is Ar

(a) Stock and flow-

(b) Gross and net investment-

(i) Gross Investment – Increase in the value of capital goods during a specific period is called gross investment. Examples of gross investment are new machine, new building, new dam, new canal, new equipment for generation of electricity and electricity lines, etc. Already in use machines, old houses, old dams and expenditure on repairs’of old canals are also included in gross investment.

Gross investment = Net investment + Depreciation

(ii) Net Investment – To calculate net investment we deduct depreciation on physical capital goods from gross investment. If depreciation of physical capital goods i.e., depreciation is deducted from gross investment, it will give us net investment. Production and productive capacity improves only along with increase in net investment.

Net investment = Gross investment – Depreciation.

Between net investment and capital, net investment is stock and capital is a flow.

Surface feeders mean an organism, usually a fish, which takes its food from the air/water interface, or feeds just below the water surface. This feeds on zooplanktons. For example: catlas. 

Rohu are column feeders which are omnivores (flesh eaters). Mrigals and common carps are omnivorous which feed both on zooplanktons and other marine animals and hence are called bottom feeders. 

Hence correct answer is B.

Oats is grown as livestock feed in the form of grain, silage, hay and pasture. Oats have adequate soluble carbohydrates to make good silage. The oat grain is a good source of protein, starch, fats and vitamins. The fat content of oats increases the energy content of animals. Oats prevent allergies and do not irritate the intestine. Since oats can be rations when fed in mixtures with other grains. While millets, sorghum and lentils are usually grown for hay or silage often as a short-season emergency hay crop.

White Revolution focused on dairy products. It was initiated to assist rural dairy farmers to develop as it created a grid where the farmers and consumers from across the world were connected directly. It leads to more production of milk. 

Blue revolution refers to the remarkable emergence of aquaculture as an important and highly productive agricultural activity. 

And sustainable agriculture is the production of food or other plant or animal products using farming techniques that protect the environment, public health, human communities, and animal welfare. Hence all the statements are correct.

All of these are required for solving the food problem of the country. Production can be increases by various cropping patterns and animal husbandry practices. Food should be available to every part of the country at cheaper rates, then only each and every person will be able to feed itself. Hence all of these points are correct.

Proper cleaning is required so that fungus or other bacteria’s don’t grow on stored grains. Complete drying is necessary to prevent moisture from spoiling the grains. Fume forming pesticides also aid in food grain storage protection.

It’s a farming system in which use of chemicals such as fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides etc are reduced. 

It involves the use of following components:

(a) Organic manure

(b) Recycled farm waste

(c) Bio-agents such as culture of blue green algae in preparation of bio fertilizers

(d) Bio pesticides such as leaves of neem or turmeric for grain storage

(e) Healthy cropping patterns such as mixed cropping, intercropping and crop rotation which will also help in controlling growth of weed, pest and insects.

False 

Animal feed includes carbohydrates, proteins, fats various groups of nutrients, minerals and trace-elements. They all are required for proper growth of animals. For example: The cattle feed consists of two component- roughage and concentrate. 

(a) Roughage: It largely contains fibres such as green fodder, silage, hay and legumes like berseem, cowpea. 

(b) Concentrates: It is low in fibres but contains relatively high proteins and other nutrients. It includes cotton seeds, oilseeds, oats, barley, gram and their by-products like wheat, beans and molasses etc.

Organic farming is an environment friendly farming system. Organic means use of only eco-friendly products to keep the plants healthy. It will maintain the plant hygiene and also increase the yield without any harmful effect. 

It is practice of raising unpolluted crops through the use of manures, bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides with healthy cropping systems that provide optimum nutrients to plants and keep the pests as well as weeds under control. 

In organic farming can be done in ways like: .

● Controlling chemicals usage- There is little or no use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides. Therefore, there is no toxicity due to pollution of crop plants, soil, water or air. 

● Soil management- Bio-fertilizers include the nitrogen fixing organism and mineral solubilizing bacteria. 

● Weed management- Bio-pesticides are organism or their extracts which repel or kill weeds, insects and other pests. 

● Crop diversity- Healthy cropping includes mixed cropping, inter-cropping and crop rotation.

Animal feed needs to meet the requirements of the animal. For all animals it must contain dry matter, various groups of nutrients, minerals and trace-elements and should not be mixed with dirt and soil nor contain poisonous ingredients (for example pesticides or herbicides). 

Generally, animals must have a ration containing: 

● Energy (from carbohydrates and fats) to maintain the body and produce products (milk, meat, work). The carbohydrates and fats not needed for production are converted to fat and stored in the body. 

● Protein is needed for body building (growth) and maintenance as well as milk production. Without protein there would be no body weight gain nor milk production. Excess protein is converted to urea and fat 

● Minerals help in body building as well as in biological regulation of growth and reproduction. They are also a major source of nutrients in milk. 

● Vitamins help regulate the biological processes in the body and become a source of nutrients in milk 

● Water helps all over in body building, heat regulation, biological processes as well as a large constituent of milk production as well as eggs. 

The cattle feed consists of two component- roughage and concentrate. 

(a) Roughage: It largely contains fibers such as green fodder, silage, hay and legumes like berseem, cowpea. 

(b) Concentrates: It is low in fibers but contains relatively high proteins and other nutrients. It includes cotton seeds, oilseeds, oats, barley, gram and their by-products like wheat, beans and molasses etc. 

Cattle need balanced rations containing all nutrients in proportionate amounts. Besides such nutritious food material, certain feed additives containing micronutrients promote the health and milk output of dairy animals. 

When Jim came home and reached his flat above, Della would call him as Jim and hugged him greatly. It was the way of Della welcoming Jim.

जब जिम घर आकर अपने फ्लेट पर ऊपर जाया करता था तो डेला उसे जिम कहकर पुकारती तथा उसे जोरदार तरीके से आलिंगन करती। यह जिम के स्वागत का डेली का तरीका था।

Water conservation is the national problem which must be considered and dealt with on national lines. Unbelievably, large quantities of the precious fluid are not conserved. Our rivers, mostly run to waste and harnessing it is vital.

When the Dillingham was prosperous, it was complete name as “Dillingham” but when the income shrunk, the letters of Dillingham looked blurred. It looked as though they were thinking seriously of contracting to a modest and unassuming D.

जब डिलिंघम परिवार सम्पन था तो यह पूरा नाम था “Dillingham” लेकिन जब आमदनी कम हो गईं तो Dillingham के अक्षर धुंधले दिखाई देने लगे। ऐसा लगता था मानो वे गम्भीरतापूर्वक सीधी-सादी सहज D में बदलने की सोच रहे हों।

In the vestibule below there was a letter-box into which no letter would go. There was an electric button which could not be pressed to ring. And there was a card bearing the name, “Mr James Dillingham Young.”

प्रवेश कक्ष में नीचे एक पत्र पेटिका थी जिसमें कोई पत्र नहीं जा सकता था। एक बिजली का बटन था जिसे बजाने के लिए दबाया भी नहीं जा सकता था। और वहाँ पर एक कार्ड था जिस पर लिखा था श्रीमान डिलिंघम यंग”।

Raman tries to bring about the importance of water, which has a unique power of maintaining animal and plant life. Water, the elixir of life, is the commonest of all liquids. Without water the land will be barren like the deserts in Egypt. On one side it is a sea of sand. On the other side laid one of the greatest, most fertile, densely populated areas the valley of Nile.

It is separated by the river Nile flowing down thousands of miles away. The entire soil is the creation of river Nile. Egypt, in fact was made by its river. Water is the basis of all life. Every animal and plant contains water in its body. Water is essential for the body, moisture in the soil is equally important for the life and growth of plants and trees. The conservation and utilization of water is fundamental for human welfare.

She saved one dollar and eighty-seven cents by bargaining very closely with the grocer, the vegetable seller and the butcher until one’s cheeks become red with imputation.

उसने किराना-व्यापारी, सब्जी-विक्रेता और माँस-विक्रेता से सतर्कता से इतने मोल-भाव करके एक डॉलर और सत्तासी सेन्ट बचाये थे कि दोषारोपण से गाल लाल हो जाएँ।

1. Dr. C.V. Raman is a great scientist. His explorations are mainly in the field of optics. “Raman Spectra” is one of the greatest explorations in science field invented by him. Water has more importance for us. Unless the water, it is impossible to live in a proper way. Water is the elixir of life.

2. Dr. C. V. Raman gave an important task on the water that water gives beauty to nature such that when the sun shines or sets, that rays in the pond or river give beautiful, tremendous vision to us. Mainly, water adds beauty to the countryside. In South India, all tanks are filled with rain water with cheering sight.

3. Dr. C.V. Raman also suggested to humankind that the conservation and utilization of water is fundamental for human welfare. The precious fluid known to be water is lost if the water is not controlled.

4. Like this Dr. C.V. Raman gave an elaborate note of the unique power of the elixir of life, called water. When water carries silt or fine soil, water takes the color of the soil with which makes the land fertile. This flow of water makes a beneficial role in the formation of the earth’s surface. If we neglect this water, this water can, swept away the silt and finally destroy agriculture.

5. In the absence of plain water, it makes a land a dry and lifeless desert, but the presence of water then it turns the land most fertile.

Della had saved the money by bargaining hard about prices with the grocer, the vegetable man, and the butcher.

Della had beautiful hair but she had not got combs for her hair. She worshipped for long to get the combs. In the same way, Jim had a beautiful watch but no chain. Thus it can be said that both the gifts were a perfect choice.

डेला के सुंदर बाल थे लेकिन उसके पास अपने बालों के लिये कंघियाँ नहीं थीं। वह लम्बे समय से कधियों को पाने की प्रार्थना किया करती थी। इसी प्रकार से जिम के पास एक सुंदर घड़ी थी लेकिन चेन नहीं थी। इस प्रकार से यह कहा जा सकता है कि दोनों ही उपहार सही पसंद थे।

Jim needed a new overcoat and he was without gloves.

(b) 20 dollars