Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

1. (Bachendri Pal) 

2. (Premlata Agarwal) 

3. (SantoshYadav) 

4. (Mt Everest)

Mt Everest was named after Sir George Everest’s name only is True.

Santosh Yadav (20 years)

Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Sherpa in 1953.

The world's highest peak  is Mt Everest is True.

Sir George Everest discovered Mt Everest in the year 1841.

Premlata Agarwal (48 years).

The mountaineers should not carry an oxygen cylinder with them is False.

Mt Everest is the world's highest peak.

(i) We should carry oxygen cylinder, Food cans, water bottles, ropes, hooks, plastic sheets, shoes, diary, towel, torch, soap, jacket, glucose, jaggery, grams, sleeping bags and other essential things, when we go for mountaineering. 

(ii) We should get our blood pressure checked, practice walking and take knowledge about the difficulties which might come in the mountainous areas.

Climbing a mountain is extremely difficult and risky. Many people lose their lives while climbing a mountain, due to its steep slopes, extreme cold weather, icy winds and difficulty in breathing due to low pressure at high altitudes. Sometimes landslides also takes place.

Mountaineers should have the capability to take risks and have patience and tolerance is True.

The pointed nails attached under the shoes protect them from slipping on the slopes.

Mountaineers always carry food cans, water bottles, raw food etc. with them. They make gas fire by stones and collect timber for cooking food on their own.

Mountaineers wear special hand gloves to protect them from snow and icy winds.

Mountaineers take pointed stick with them to climb comfortably and it also saves them from slipping.

Mountaineers face different types of difficulties while climbing such as steep slopes, extreme cold weather and icy winds, difficulty in breathing due to low pressure at high altitude.

Mountains are always covered with white snow. When sunrays fall on them, it radiates and directly come to the eyes. These rays are very harmful for the eyes and hence the mountaineers wear black glasses while climbing mountains.

No. / No. / No. / Yes.

It is necessary to wash clothes every time after wearing them to avoid skin diseases.

The chunni is smooth, soft, thin and light weight. Synthetic or artificial fibres are used to make this chunni.

Correct option is (b) Abraham Maslow.

Woolen fabric protect us from cold. Because wool is a poor conductor of heat. Air trapped in between the woolen fibres and our body prevents the flow of heat from our body to surroundings.

The main fuse in a house circuit is connected on the distribution board, in live wire before the main switch.

Correct option is (a) a physiological reaction that can occur when experiencing a culture for the first time

The trekkers can enjoy invigorating breaths of coffee. They favour to enjoy water s sports like river rafting, canoeing, rappelling and mountain biking. In the forests one can have the company of squirrels and langurs.

Following measures are adopted by the government to reduce unemployment: 

1. Government of India has started various schemes to increase self employment in rural as well as urban area for the youth. 

2. Easy loans are being provided to the people for starting production activity. 

3. Government has started skilled India mission to increase employ ability of youth. 

4. Education and health infrastructure is improved to increase productivity of labour.

Government can also adopt following measures to increase employ ability: 

1. Better coordination in wage and self employment program started by the government. To make sure that there are minimum leakages in the program. 

2. Education should be made more employment oriented and youth to be encouraged by the way of training and skill development for self employment. 

3. Increase in industrialization process to absorb the excess labour in agriculture sector. 

4. Effective planning is needed for better results.

Measures to remove poverty are as follows: 

1. Expansion of health and education services: Impairment of education leads to skill development and increase in productivity of labour. Expansion of health services too increase in productivity of poor people. Health and education converts labour into human capital. Because of human capital only countries like Japan has become economic power. 

2. Increase in employment opportunities: Unemployment leads to poverty. By increasing employment opportunities poverty can be eradicated. By developing skills of a person he can be taken out of vicious circle of poverty. 

3. Control over social evils: Social evils limit the opportunities of a person as a result he remains in the state of poverty throughout the life. Various social obligations like ceremonies at the time of birth death and marriage drag a person towards poverty.

Negative effects of inflation are as follows: 

1. Prices of necessary goods increases: Prices of pretty much starts rising as a result necessities of life such as medical services, education etc rises which makes life of poor and middle class miserable. 

2. Borrowing becomes costlier: With rise in inflation rate of interest also rises which makes borrowing costlier. Due to this producers or consumers are not to borrow more which affects the production capacity of the country. 

3. Hoarding increases: Due to rise in general price level people starts hoarding the commodities to earn more profit which further rises the inflation. 

4. Erosion of long term savings: Inflation erodes the savings of people. Long term savings are not able to give high returns to the people as value of money decreases.

First attempt to calculate poverty in India was taken by Dadabhai Naroji in 1868. After independence a team was formed by planning commission in 1962 to estimate poverty line and define poverty. In 1971, V.M.Dandekar and Nilkanth Rathi defined a criterion for poverty. In 1979, Y.K. Alagh committee presented a report on demand and minimum consumption required. It helped to determine poverty line in India. It was decided that people in rural area should get 2400 calorie per person per day and in urban area it should be 2100 calorie per person per day. Thereafter, a working committee was made under the Presidency of T.D. Lakadawala, Suresh Tendulkar and C. Rangrajan for estimating poverty by planning commission. In 1993-94 and 2004-05 poverty was estimated by Lakadawala formula.

Suresh Tendulkar and C. Rangrajan considered consumption expenditure as a basis of poverty. They created a poverty line basket to measure poverty line and estimated the required consumption expenditure as per market price. According to them 27 crore people were below poverty line in 2011-12. In 2011-12 C. Rangrajan used ? 972/person/month in rural area and 1407 ?/ person/month in urban area as a basis. According to it 29.5% people were below poverty line.

True.

Evaluative, self-opinion based

• In an effort to develop friendly relations, India and Pakistan have started a bus service called ‘Sada-e-Sarhad’ (Call of the border) between Delhi and Lahore when Atal Bihari Vajpayee was the Prime Minister. He also revived the train called Samjhauta Express (Friendship Express).
• Atal Bihari Vajpayee rendered help to the earthquake victims of Pakistan during the rule of Pervez Musharraf.
• In 1999, there was another war between India and Pakistan in the Kargil region over the Kashmir issue. India defeated Pakistan in this war as well. 
• Atal Bihari Vajpayee tried to establish a dialogue with Pakistan but was not successful.

1. (i) India got independence in 1947 and from then on wards India started shaping its Foreign Policy independently.

(ii) Article 51 among the Directive Principles of State Policy lay down the broad framework for Foreign Policy.

(iii) According to it, India should give priority to safeguard international peace and security, and resolve our international problems and disputes by peaceful means.

(iv) The objectives of our Foreign Policy should be to maintain friendly relations with other nations and respect international law.

2. (i) National interest implies the means through which the independence and sovereignty of our country can be safeguarded.

(ii) National interest also includes efforts to achieve our economic development and to take steps towards increasing our national power.

(iii) When decisions are taken after giving careful thought to what is beneficial and good for our country, we say that we are nurturing our national interest.

3. (i) World peace is an ideal state of freedom, peace, and happiness among and within all nations and people.

(ii) This idea of world non-violence provides a basis for peoples and nations to willingly co-operate.

(iii) Either voluntarily or by virtue of a system of governance, that prevents warfare.

(iv) India has been consistently supporting efforts for disarmament because it is India’s policy that there should be peace and security.

• Double coincidence of wants and mutual adjustment of wants refers to events where in two traders who wish to trade coincidentally need the item the other trader has and so the items they both have get mutually adjusted as barter.
• The Barter system assumes ‘coincidence of wants’ as a continuous process. This coincidence may not hold true always and the traders willing to exchange may not be in need of item that the other trader would like to exchange.
• For example, those who had rice to exchange for wheat did not need wheat but clothes for the barter. While on the other hand the one who had clothes did not want rice but wanted oil in exchange of clothes.

Movement of organic solutes or photo synthates from one part of the plant to the other is called translocation.

Munch used a model system to explain the translocation of solutes. Two Osmometers A and B were taken. ‘A’ filled with concentrated sugar solution and ‘B’ with dilute sugar solution. The Osmometers are made of semipermeable membranes. These are connected by means of a double bent tube ‘C’ containing water. The entire system is left in a trough D containing water. Water enters the osmometer A because of osmosis resulting in mass flow from A to C and finally B. The water from B is forced out because of pressure created due to mass flow.

This working model is comparable to the actual process occurring in plants, a pressure gradient exists between the source (comparable to A) where sugar is loaded (leaves) using ATP and the sink (comparable to B) where sugar is unloaded (storage organs). In the leaves, sugar enters the sieve tubes from companion cells which lower the water potential which pushes the sugar solution through the sieve tube-like water being pushed through a hose. At the sink, sugar is actively unloaded with the use of ATP, which increases the water potential and water moves out.

This, however, is the accepted model of phloem transport. The theory fails to explain

• Bidirectional flow of organic substances.
• The role played by phloem.
• The resistance offered by plasmodesmata and sieve plates.
• It regards the process as purely physical 

merits

• Supply end always has a high sugar level 
• Turgor decreases in defoliated plants.

Electric generator is based on the principle that when a straight conductor is moved in a magnetic field, then current is induced in the conductor.

Correct option  (D) Zero

Explanation:

Magnetic field due to straight current carrying conductor is concentric circles which is parallel to the plane of the loop. Hence, required force is zero.

Strictly speaking electromagnetic induction is a process in which changing magnetic field produces electric current. Because electrons have their own magnetic field when an external changing magnetic field is applied to them they move. The movement of those electron produces current. Hence, we can say that the current will produce. But we are not able to measure it or find out about it for instance as soon as we connect it to the galvanometer circuit is closed which is not allowed in question. 

So, finally we will conclude that the current will not produce because: 

•We do not have any evidence about it i.e. we cannot find out about it. 

•A current will only flow through wire if the circuit is complete.

Relative motion between the coil and the magnet

(i) Deflection in the galvanometer needle will be more on right-side. 

(ii) Larger deflection in opposite direction as compared to the case (i) will be seen. (Hi) No deflection. 

The phenomenon involved is electromagnetic induction. 

(c) kilo joule per kilo gram

(i) Electromagnetic induction. 

(ii) The galvanometer gives a reading to the left. 

(iii) Large deflection to right occurs more quickly. 

No, excessive use of fossil fuel pollutes the environment, and fossil fuels are non-renewable source of energy. 

Can use car pool.

Associated Value: The learners will appreciate and adopt the idea of traveling in MRTs (Metro) and favour car pool so that they can also play a role in promoting eco-friendly life style.

(b) Water gas

The dead parts of plants and trees, and the waste material of animals are called biomass. It is the organic matter which is used as a fuel to produce energy. E.g., wood, agricultural wastes and cow dung. 

i. The deflection in the galvanometer occurs because of change in magnetic flux linked with the coil which results in formation of induced emf and further induced current due to the phenomena called electromagnetic induction. 

ii. The direction of current appears to be anti-clockwise from point A because at point A there is formation of North pole and at point B there is formation of South pole. 

iii. When the coil is moved away from north pole the direction of induced current gets reversed because point A now becomes South pole and point B now becomes North pole due to change in magnetic flux linked with the coil. So, the galvanometer will show deflection to the left side.

iv. There would be no observation change in galvanometer as the magnet and closed coil are moving with same speed and have no relative motion. For formation of induced emf, there must be relative motion between magnet and coil.

(i) Biogas. 

(ii) Methane, Carbon dioxide.

(iii) Values : 

(a) It has high calorific value.

(b) It burns without smoke.

(c) It does not leave any residue.

1. b. It is used to form a temporary magnet called electromagnet.

2. a. TRUE

3. b. Outside

4. c. It becomes halved

5. a. Inside

(i) The values displayed by Mr. Nair. Nikhil and Neha are as follows: 

1. Energy from renewable source of energy 

2. Energy production does not contribute to pollution. They all possess high degree of general awareness, helping nature and at the same they are nature conserver. 

(ii) The possible arguments are as follows:

1. Economic and cheaper way to generate fuel 

2. Use of your own organic and agricultural waste to generate fuel.

3. Efficient burning of biogas as compared to other fuels. 

4. The slurry from biogas plant can be used as fertilizer for the fields. 

5. Burning biogas does not pollute environment and also leaves no ash.

For the detection of leakage, a foul smelling substance called ethyl mercaptan is added to the LPG. In case of LPG leakage in the kitchen, following steps must be taken: 

1. The door and windows should be opened at once to allow the gas to escape. 

2. The source of gas leakage should be checked and then set right with the help of a gas mechanic. 

(d) mercapton