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Our family members use motorcycle to go to work.

1. The Communal Award declared by the British Prime Minister Ramsay Mac Donald provided separate electorates for the Dalits. 

2. This division of the society on the basis of caste was not acceptable to Gandhiji. 

3. Therefore, to protest against the Award, Gandhiji began fast unto death in the Yerawada jail.

The Non-Cooperation Movement dramatically affected the economy of the British. 

(i) The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921 and 1922, its value dropping from Rs.102 crore to Rs.57 crore. 

(ii) In many places, merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade. 

(iii) People began discarding imported clothes and started wearing only Indian clothes (Khadi). 

(iv) Production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up. But this movement gradually slowed down for several reasons. 

(i) Khadi cloth was more expensive than mass-produced mill cloth. It was not realistic for the poor Indians to afford it. 

(ii) Many elated people had left their jobs to support the Non-Cooperation Movement. But soon the problem of unemployment came before them because of the dearth of Indian institutions. So, students and teachers began turning back to government schools and lawyers joined back work in government courts.

Workers, industrialists, peasants, traders had inferred Gandhiji’s notion of ‘Swaraj’ differently. They started using violence to get their demands fulfilled. Gandhiji never approved violent means to achieve goals. Hence, he got disheartened. 

Khadi cloth was often more expensive than mass-produced mill cloth and poor people could not afford to buy it. Hence they could not boycott mill cloth for a long time.

The Battle of Buxar is more important than the Battle of Plassey in the history of India. As a result of this battle, the British became a great political force in India. It paved for them the way for the conquest of more territories in India. The English consolidated their position in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. The Nawab of Avadh Shuja-ud- daulah and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam came completely under the British control.

Correct option is (d) Battle of Seringapatam

The following are the causes of the Battle of Buxar :

1. The officials of the English Company were misusing the trade concessions allowed to them by the Nawab. It resulted in the decline in the income of the Nawab of Bengal.
2. Mir Qasim strengthened his army. He established an arms and ammunition factory and shifted his treasury from Calcutta (Kolkata) to Mungher. The English did not like the activities of Mir Qasim.
3. Mir Qasim also allowed Indian traders to trade without paying any tax like the English. It increased the animosity between the English and the Nawab.

Correct option is (b) Battle of Buxar

(b) Taj-ul-Ma’asir

(b) Kanchipuram

Dupleix was the Governor of French possessions in India. He had prepared a plan for enhancing the French influences in Southern India.

(c) Statement is wrong and reason is correct.

In 1802 A.D. and 1803 A.D. respectively.

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(d) Ibn Battuta

Dupleix was called back to France on account of the French defeat in the second Carnatic war.

1. True

2. False 

Correct statement: Tabakat-i- Akbari was authored by Nizam-ud-din Ahmad.

3. True

The Treaty of Paris was signed in 1763 A.D. between France and England. The Third War of Carnatic in India also came to an end by this treaty.

1. iii 

2. i 

3. iv 

4. ii

(d) He knew only Arabic

(c) Thoothukudi

a – ii 

b – iv

c – i 

d – v 

e – iii

Tipu Sultan died in 1799 A.D. while fighting fourth war of Mysore against the British.

The First War of Carnatic come to an end in 1748 A.D. The English got back the region of Madras (now Chennai) as a result of the peace treaty.

Hyder Ali was died in 1782 A.D. After him, his son Tipu Sultan became Sultan of Mysore.

First Mysore war took place in 1767-1769 A.D. Hyder Ali emerged victorious out of this war.

Tipu Sultan was the son of ruler of Mysore, Hyder Ali. He became ruler of Mysore in 1782 A.D. after the death of his father, Hyder Ali. At that time, second Mysore war was going on. Tipu carried on the war. In the beginning, he got some success but he was defeated in 3rd battle of Mysore (1790-92). He was forced to surrender some part of his kingdom to the British. He wanted to take revenge of his defeat and that’s why he again declared war against the British. Tipu Sultan died in this war (1799) and most of the part of his kingdom was annexed into the British empire. Remaining part of the Mysore was given to Prince Krishna Rao.

Tuzk-i-Jahangiri

William Hawkins and Sir Thomas Roe.

The following were the three main causes of animosity between the two powers :

1. England and France had been the enemies of each other for a long time.
2. There was a trade competition between the two countries in India.
3. Both the countries wanted to establish their political power in India.

Actually, whenever there was a war between England and France in Europe, a conflict between the two powers also started in India.

The following causes were responsible for the success of the British against the French:

1. Powerful Navy of Britain: The English navy was more powerful than that of the French. The British had large ships to bring soldiers and war material from England to India.

2. Sound Financial Condition of the British: Economic condition of the British was very sound. Their trade activities continued even during the war days. But as the French usually kept themselves involved in politics, they therefore, lacked financial resources.

3. British Victory over Bengal: Bengal, a rich state of India, came under the control of the British after the battle of Plassey. Need of money for winning a war is very great. The British trade in Bengal continued even during the war days. The money they earned from this trade was utilised by them for their wars in the south.

4. Efficient infantry and able army commanders: The infantry wing of the British army was better trained and organised than that of the French army. English commanders like Robert Clive, Sir Ayercoote and Major Lawrence were very capable persons. On the other hand, the French army commanders like Dupleix, Lally and Bussey were not so capable and efficient persons. This factor also contributed to the success of the British.

Till 1772 A.D., Chief of Marathas, Peshwa, remained very powerful. After this, Maratha Chief Nana Fadnavis kept Maratha power in one way or the other. During this age, most important Maratha chiefs were Scindhia, Bhonsle, Holkar and Gaikwad. But Peshwas and different chiefs were defeated one by one by the British.

1. Decline of Peshwa: After the death of fourth Peshwa, Madhav Rao, in 1771 A.D. his son Narayan Rao became next Peshwa. But he was killed by his uncle Raghoba. At this moment of problem, Nana Fadnavis took charge of Marathas. He declared son of Narayan Rao as next Peshwa and declared himself as his guardian. He fought a long battle with the British but did not accepted the Subsidiary Alliance. But Maratha chiefs were divided after his death. Peshwa was afraid by Maratha chief Holkar. That’s why he came under the protection of the British in 1802 A.D. and accepted Subsidiary Alliance under the treaty of Bassein.

2. End of Power of Scindhia and Bhonsle: Scindhia and Bhonsle didn’t like the acceptance of subsidiary alliance by the Peshwa. They considered it as a disrespect of the whole Maratha community. They declared war against the British to take revenge of this disrespect. Gaikwad gave his support to the British. Lord Lake defeated Scindhia and captured Delhi, Agra and Aligarh. Areas of Cuttock and Balasor also came under occupation of the British. In the end, Scindhia and Bhonsle both accepted the Subsidiary Alliance.

3. End of Power of other Maratha Chiefs: The Peshwa, once again tried to create unity among Marathas. In 1817 A.D., Lord Hestings defeated the forces of Peshwa, Bhonsle and Holker. Peshwa was given pension and his title was abolished. Whole of his kingdom was annexed into the British empire. After this, other Maratha chiefs also accepted the subordination of the British. In this way, all the Maratha kingdoms were annexed into the British empire.

Gorkhas of Nepal captured some of the border areas of the British. That’s why Lord Hastings send a huge army to suppress the power of Gorkhas. It was send under Aukhterloani. Gorkha’s were defeated in this war. That’s why they were forced to give many areas to the British. Except this, they also agreed to keep a British resident in Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal.

Primary sources and Secondary sources are the two different types of sources for the study of history

Correct option is (c) Tipu Sultan

(d) Devadana

Dooma and Dupleix.

From 1823 till 1848 A.D., the British empire in India was expanded by Lord Emerhest, Lord William Bentick, Lord Auckland, Lord Allenbrough and Lord Harding.

It’s description is given below :

1. Lord Emerhest won the First Anglo Burmese war (1824-26 A.D.) and annexed the states of Arakan and Assam into the British empire.
2. After this, Lord William Bentick captured Kutch, Mysore and Kurg. He made a Trade treaty with amirs of Sindh in 1832. It led to stoppage of expansion of Maharaja Ranjit Singh in this direction.
3. Lord Auckland made a subsidiary alliance with amirs of Sindh in 1839 A.D. and expanded the British empire.
4. Charles Napier captured Sindh in 1843 A.D. during the tenure of Lord Allenbrough and annexed it into British empire.
5. Lord Harding defeated the Sikhs in first Anglo-Sikh War. As a result, Jalandhar, Kangra and Kashmir were captured by the British.

19 States of Rajasthan came under the subordination of the British during the tenure of Lord Hastings. Jaipur, Jodhpur, Udaypur and Bikaner were four main states out of those 19 states.

The following Indian powers got themselves involved in the Second Carnatic War :

1. Claimants to the throne of Carnatic.
2. Claimants to the state of Hyderabad.

French were defeated in the Second Carnatic War. It increased the power and prestige of the British Company in India.

The French supported Nasir Jang the ruler of Hyderabad and Chanda Sahib, the ruler of the Carnatic. The English could not tolerate this so they gave recognition to their opponents and waged a war against the French in 1751 A.D.

On a visit to a library nearby I found that it had primary and secondary sources.

I found historical documents, statistical data, pieces of creative writing, speeches and art objects. Interviews, surveys, field work also are available here. I also could see and sources like articles in news papers, popular magazines, book a movie views and articles in journals

Correct option is (a) Tipu Sultan

(d) Inscriptions

1. Khafi khan

2. Rajendra Chola

3. Shalabhoga

4. Sekkizhar

5. Tariq or Tahquiq.

6. Devagiri (Daulatabad).

1. Copper – Plate 

2. Rajput 

3. Chola 

4. Portraits

1. Devaram composed by Appar, Sundarar and Sambandar 

2. Compiled by Nambiyandar Nambi.

Lord Wellesley, Lord Hastings and Lord Dalhousie.

Lord Welleslly came to India as Governor-General in 1798 A.D. He wanted to spread the British empire in India. He adopted a number of methods of fulfil this objective and captured many Indian states.

In short, he used following methods to spread the British empire in India:

1. Through Wars: Lord Welleslly defeated Tipu Sultan in fourth Mysore war in 1799 A.D. and captured lot of his territory. He also defeated Marathas in 1802 A.D. and captured Delhi, Agra, Cuttock, Balasor, Bharoch, Buftdelkhand to spread British empire. Wellesley also captured Indore, which was the capital to Maratha king Jaswant Rao Holker.

2. Through Subsidiary Alliance: Welleslly also adopted the policy of Subsidiary Alliance to spread the British Empire. It was made between the company and native rulers. The company promised to give military help to the rulers who entered into subsidiary alliances with it in case of any internal or external trouble. But in that case local ruler was not allowed to make war or any treaty with any ruler without the permission of the company.

First of all, this alliance was accepted by Nizam of Hyderabad in 1798 A.D. Even he gave some of his areas to the British. After Nizam, this alliance was also accepted by Nawab of Awadh. Even he gave area of Ruhelkhand and Doab of Ganga-Yamuna to the British for the expanses of military which was kept in its state.

3. Through Pensions: Wellesley gave pension to King of Surat- in 1800 A.D. and included Surat in the British empire. Nawab of Karnataka died in 1801 A.D. He fixed pension for his son and included his state in the British empire.

In this way Lord Welleslly expanded the British empire, to a great deal, in India.