Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Correct Answer is: (b) Liver

Primary role of vitamin-E is to serve as an antioxidant as it prevents oxidation of certain materials (i.e., it inhibits peroxide formation and thereby prevents damage of membrane lipids and thus maintains normal membrane structure). Thus vitamin E keeps skin healthy.

Marasmus is the deficiency disease Protein.

Stomatal periodicity is the rate of opening and closing of stomata during day and night. Stomata usually open during day and close during night. 

There are three categories of stomata : 

(i) Barley or cereal type : They are dumb-bell shaped. The stomata usually open during the day for a few hours. 

(ii) Leuceme or alfalfa type : They open during day and close during night under mesophytic conditions. In succulents, the stomata remain closed during the day. They open only during night. 

iii) Potato Type : Under mesophytic conditions, the stomata can remain open through day and night but close down for different periods and at various times under less water availability.

Phellogen, phellem and phelloderm constitute periderm.

Based on the life-span, plants are classified into 

• Annuals – plants which complete their life-cycle in one season eg: mustard, sunflower
• Biennials- plants which complete their life-cycle in two seasons eg: radish, beetroot
• Perennials – plants which live for a number of years and produce flowers and fruits at specific seasons every year eg: mango, termarind. 

1. Growth rings are formed due cambial activity during favourable and non-favourable climatic conditions. 

2. During favourable conditions, spring wood (early wood) is formed which has broader xylem bands, lighter colour, tracheids with thin wall and wide lumen, fibres are less in number, low density. Whereas, during unfavourable conditions, autumn wood (late wood) is formed which has narrow xylem band, darker in colour, lumen is narrow and walls are thick with abundant fibres, high density. 

3. Spring wood and autumn wood that appear as alternate light and dark concentric rings, constitute an annual ring or growth ring.

1. The cambium present between the primary xylem and primary phloem of a vascular bundle is called intrafascicular cambium.

2. With the onset of favourable season, meristematic cells of intrafascicular cambium become active. 

3. Simultaneously, the ray parenchyma cells, both fusiform initials and ray initials become meristematic. This is known as dedifferentiation. 

4. These form patch of cambial cells (meristematic cells) in between the adjacent bundles and produce interfascicular cambium. 

5. Both intrafascicular and interfascicular cambium join and form a complete ring, known as the cambial ring. This is possible because they lie in one plane.

Angiosperms can be classified into following types based on habitat: 

1. Hydrophytes – Growing in aquatic habitat e.g. Hydrilla 

2. Xerophytes – Growing in regions with scanty or no rainfall like desert e.g. Opimtia 

3. Psammophytes – Growing in sandy soil e.g. Elymus 

4. Lithophytes – Growing on rock e.g. Couchidium, Cladopus, Dalzellia, Paphiopedilum orchids, rock felt fem. 

5. Halophytes – Growing in saline soil e.g. Mangrove plants like Rhizophora

(D) Flaccidity of bulliform cells

Grass leaves curl inwards to the minimize water loss.

(B) Annual rings are not prominent in trees of temperate region.

Annual rings are formed due to activity of cambium. The activity of cambium is under the control of many physiological and environmental factors. In temperate regions, the climatic conditions are not uniform throughout the year due to this, annual rings are formed.

The correct answer is (B) dicot stem

(C) Phellem

Cork cambium (phellogen) cuts off cells on both the sides. The outer cells differentiate into cork or phellem. The cork is impervious to water due to suberin deposition in the cell wall.

a. Commensalism 

b. Brood parasitism 

c. Mutualism

(D) intercalary meristem

Intercalary meristems occur in grasses at the base of intemode, which regenerates the grass damaged due to grazing.

The correct answer is (D) Endodermis

(C) It conducts water and minerals efficiently

1. Pest insects act as prey to predator birds or frogs. 

2. The biological control method consists of releasing the predators in the farms so that they can control the pest population in the natural way. 

3. This also eliminates the use of chemical pesticides. 

4. Frogs are natural predators of locust, therefore the population of this hazardous insect is controlled by frogs and the produce from agricultural farm can be saved.

Protocooperation:

1. Protocooperation is a type of population interaction where two species interact with each other.

2. Both are benefited but they have no need to interact with each other. 

3. They can survive and grow even in the absence of other species. 

4. Therefore this interaction is purely for the gain that they receive in such type of interaction. 

5. The interaction that occurs can be between different kingdoms.

(B) tissue located below the phloem bundles and a portion of pericycle tissue above protoxylem

(C) Secondary xylem

In dormancy seed is not showing any metabolic activities. It can come back to life if and only if it gets suitable moisture and sunlight. Hibernation is suspended state, in which metabolic reactions do take place but at a very reduced pace. Animal arouses on its own after the winter sleep is over. This arousal is spontaneous and depends upon the ambient temperature. Dormant seed does not show such change unless it is planted or thrown in to moist place.

The cambium present between the primary xylem and primary phloem of a vascular bundle is called intrafascicular cambium.

1. Epistomatic leaf – Lotus

2. Hypostomatic – Nerium. 

3. Amphistomatic – Grass

Gonorrhoea and syphilis.

The microbes in the body fluid is Lymph.

LSD—Lysergic acid diethyl amide obtained from Ergot fungus. It is a hallucinogen and causes temporary well being.

Hepatitis-B and AIDS are the two STDs which can be transmitted through contaminated blood.

The time period between infection and appearance of symptoms is called incubation period. Incubation period in AIDS may vary from a few months to many year

Monocytes and helper T-lymphocytes.

Colostrum provides passive immunity, because the infant gets antibodies from the mother’s body directly for protection. 

Vaccinations provide active immunity because in this case microbes are injected into the body do develop immunity slowly.

(a) The plants with desired characteristics can be vegetatively propagated by this technique.

(b) Some plant can be vegetatively propagated by using stem cuttings. Stem cuttings when sown in the soii gives rise to roots and shoots and soon grow into a new plants which are exactly identical to the parent Plants.

(c) Sugarcane and banana are the other plants which are propagated by stem cutting.

(d) Seema exhibits the value of awareness and keen observations.

(a) Yeast multiplied very fast. Therefore,only a small amount was added for getting the desired effect in the batter.

(b)  Yeast multiplies asexually by the process called 'Budding'.

(c) The process that take place on in the batter is called fermentation.

(d) Geeta and her mother exhibit scientific aptitude and temperament,awareness and the power of keen observation.

Vacuole – Stores water, salts, and waste materials.

Mitochondrion – Power house of the cell, helps in the production and storage of energy.

Endoplasmic Reticulum – Pathway inside the cell. Provide rigidity and shape to cells.

Golgi Complex – Encloses enzymes, hormones & mucus in small vesicles.

Curd – Contains Lactic Acid Bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Answer is (b) CO₂

Bacteria can be grown and multiplied on nutritive culture media in aseptic conditions to form colonies which can be transported from the home to biology laboratory where these can be demonstrated under a microscope. In homes easily available source of microbial culture is curd. It is with Lactic acid bacteria.

1. Bio control refers to the use of biological methods for controlling plant diseases and pests.

2. Chemicals like insecticides and pesticides are toxic and extremely harmful to human beings and animals. They also pollute the environment. Use of bio control measures reduce the dependence on toxic chemicals.

3.

• Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
• Trichoderma

The correct answer is B) Do they have good durability?

(d) both a and c

Streptokinase is the clot buster and its microbial source is Streptococcus.

Streptokinase produced by the bacterium Streptococcus and modified by genetic engineering is used as a ‘clot buster’ for removing clots from the blood vessels of patients who have undergone myocardial infarction leading to heart attack.

(c) during decomposition, it produces antibiotics

Answer is (d) Lignin

In curd Other Applications are,

1. Increases nutritional quality

2. Checking disease causing microbes

1. Strep to cocus

2. Strep to kinase. It is a clot-buster