Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

(a) Germany, Austria Hungary, and the Ottomans

It was called Germany’s Kultur.

Ahmed Shah Abdali had defeated Marathas in the third battle of Panipat in 1761 and thrown them out of Punjab. However, by the end of the 18th century, they had again extended their sway in the,North India.

Daulat Rao Sindhia, the Maratha chief had established his control over Delhi. He started attacking the region of Satluj and Yamuna Doab. However, his advance was checked by the British, a new power on the political scene of India.

Warren Hastings was the Governor-General of the British Empire under the East India Company from 1772 to 1785. He checked the Marathas from extending their sway over Punjab by involving them in military engagements. However, the succeeding Governors-General, especially Cornwallis (1786 to 1793) and John Shore (1793 to 1798) an acting Governor-General) did not try to extend the territories of the British Empire under East India Company. In 1798, Lord Wellesley became the Governor-General. He was a soldier by training. He entered into subsidiary alliances with Hyderabad, Mysore, Carnatic, Tanjore, Awadh, etc. He also fought against the Marathas. The, Marathas were therefore not able to give attention to the Punjab. In 1803, the East India Company occupied Delhi after defeating Daulat Rao Scindia and brought it under the control of the British Empire.

The British agreement with France over the latter’s interest in Morocco was consented by Germany. So Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany intentionally recognised the independence of the Sultan and demanded an international conference to decide on the future of Morocco.

Correct Answer is: (c) Adowa

The Faizalpuria Misl was the first Misl which came into existence. The founder of this Misl was Nawab Kapur Singh. He had first occupied a village Faizalpur near Amritsar and named it Singhpur. It was, therefore, also called the Singpuria Misl.

In 1753, Nawab Kapur Singh died and his nephew Khushal Singh became the chief of the Faizalpuria Misl. By that time, the influence and dominance of the Sikhs had increased and Faizalpuria Misl extended its sway over a wide area. In 1796, Buddh Singh, son of Khushal Singh, became the chief of the Faizalpuria Misl. He was a brave and capable chief just like his father. In 1819, Maharaja Ranjit Singh annexecFFaizalpuria Misl to his kingdom.

Sada Kaur was the mother-in-law of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. She belonged to the Kanhaiya Misl. She was a woman of extraordinary courage and ability.

Khidrana was the earlier name of Muktsar.

On the Baisakhi Day in 1699 A.D. at Anandpur Sahib.

(a) In 1916, the Naval battle had taken place in the North sea called as Battle of Jutland.

(b) Germany started their Submarine warfare thereafter.

(c) The ship that bombarded Madras was the famous Emden ship.

(d) Lusitania, an American ship was torpedoed by a German Submarine.

The German colonies in western and eastern Africa were attacked by the Allies. As these colonies were quite far off from Germany they could not receive any immediate help, and therefore had to surrender to the Allies.

Banda Bahadur attacked Sadhaura to punish its ruler Usman Khan. Usman Khan was notorious for commiting atrocities on the Hindus. Usman Khan had also killed Buddhu Shah for having supported Guru Gobind Singh Ji in the battle of Bhangani.

Correct Answer is: (b) Japan

The Mughals were highly infuriated by the continuous victories of Banda Bahadur. Finally, in 1715, a large Mughal army attacked Banda’s army. Abdus Samad Khan was in command of that army. The Sikhs fought the Mughal army doggedly. However, they were forced to move to Haveli of Duni Chand at Gurdas Nangal, a place 6 kilometres west of Gurdaspur City. They again entrenched themselves in the mansion (haveli) of Bhai Duni Chand. In order to strengthen the defence of the Haveli, they dug out a moat around the building and filled it with water. In April 1715, the Mughal army landed near the haveli of Duni Chand and besieged it. The Sikhs put up a stiff resistance. The siege continued for eight months during which all the food supplies within the haveli were finished. Thus, compelled by the circumstances, the Sikhs accepted the defeat. Banda Bahadur and his about 1000 soldiers were arrested and taken to Lahore.

Wazir Khan was the Subedar of Sirhind place.

The founder of Karorsinghia Misl was Karor Singh. His Misl was named as Karorsinghia Misl after his name.

The Sikhs of Jalandhar Doab had risen in arms against Faujdar Shamas Khan. The Sikhs had removed the Mughal officers by force and replaced them by Sikh officers. As a result, the battle of Rahon was fought between the Sikhs and the Mughals.

(c) (ii) and (iv) are wrong

Correct Answer is: (c) Railways

Sayyid Jalaludin, the executioner of Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji, lived in Samana. The other two executioners of two young Sahibzadas, namely, Jalad Shasal Beg and Jalad Bhagal Beg were also inhabitants of Samana. Due to this reason, Banda Bahadur attacked Samana.

(a) Both A and R are correct

The aim of the capitalistic countries was to produce more and more. The surplus wealth that was produced was used to build more factories, railways, steamship and other such undertakings.

Germany surrendered in 1918.

The two main objective of the League of Nations was 

(i) To avoid war and to maintain peace in the world, 

(ii) To promote international co-operation in economic and social affairs.

Wazir Khan was appointed as the Subedar of Sirhind by the Mughals. He fought a battle with Banda Bahadur at Chapparchirri.

Third battle of Panipat was fought in 1761 between Ahmad Shah Abdali and Marathas.

1. Russian Revolution 

2. USA 

3. Cecil Rhodes 

4. Association 

5. Portsmouth 

6. Kultur 

7. Rivals

8. Austria and Serbia 

9. London 

10. Tannenburg 

11. Marne 

12. Brest Litovsk 

13. 1916 

14. Naval 

15. Lusitania 

16. Self determination 

17. Home Rule 

18. Pound sterling 

19. Kemal Pasha 

20. Russian communist

1. False

2. False

3. True

4. True

5. True

6. True

The fall of monarch in February 1917 and the events of October are known as the Russian Revolution.

The ‘Sphere of influence’ was adopted by the European countries in China.

Banda Bahadur attacked Samana on October 26, 1709. The cause of the attack on Samana was that the executioner who had martyred Guru Teg Bahadur Ji and bricked the two young Sahibzadas in a wall at Sirhind belonged to Samana. The fight continued in the streets of Samana for many hours. It is said that the Sikhs killed nearly ten thousand Muslims. They also razed to the ground numerous buildings. The families of the executioners were completely liquidated. Banda Bahadur looted a large amount of money from Samana.

Banda Bahadur was arrested along with about one thousand Sikh soldiers in 1715 and taken to Delhi. There, the Mughal tormentors plucked out his flesh with hot iron rods. In this manner, Banda Bahadur was martyred.

The brief description of the main military achievements of Banda Bahadur is as follows:

1. Looting of Samana and Kapuri: Banda Bahadur made his first attack on Samana and looted it badly. Then, he stormed Kapuri. He also ravaged the town of Kapuri.

2. Attack on Sadhaura: The ruler of Sadhaura was ill-treating the Hindu inhabitants of Sadhaura. Banda Bahadur attacked Sadhaura to punish its ruler Usman Khan. He massacred the Muslims in such a large number that the place came to be known as Qatalgarhi.

3. Victory over Sirhind: The two young Sahibzadas of Guru Gobind Singh Ji were bricked alive in a wall at Sirhind. Banda Bahadur massacred the Muslims of Sirhind to avenge the heinous crime. The Subedar of Sirhind, Wazir Khan, was also killed in the battle.

4. Conquest of Jalandhar Doab: The’icontinuous victories of Banda Bahadur encouraged the Sikhs of Jalandhar Doab to rise against the Mughal subedar. They revolted against its Faujdar Shamas Khan and sought the help of Banda Bahadur. A fierce battle took place between the Sikhs and the Muslims at Rahon. The Sikhs won the battle of Rahon and occupied the region bf Jalandhar and Hoshiarpur.

The nephew and heir to Franz Joseph, Emperor of Austria-Hungary. The Arch duke Franz Ferdinand was killed by Princip a Serbian of Bosnia. This was the immediate cause as Austria got help from Germany and Serbia got help from Russia. Thus the war began in 1914.

(a) Lenin was bom in 1870 near the middle Volga to educated parents.

(b) Lenin believed that the wav for freedom was through mass action.

(c) He was arrested in 1895 and kept in Serbia for encouraging the ideas of Marxism to the factory workers in St. Petersburg.

(d) Lenin gained the support of small majority called Bolshmstvo known as Bolsheviks which later became the Bolshevik party.

Banda Bahadur and his Sikh soldiers were made prisoners at Gurdas Nangal. They were taken first to Lahore and then to Delhi. Banda Bahadur was paraded in the market places of Delhi and publicly insulted. Finally on June 9, 1716, the Mughal government passed the orders for the execution of Banda Bahadur. He was badly tortured before his execution. His son was cut into pieces before his eyes. His flesh was plucked out with red-iron rods. In this manner, Banda Bahadur was martyred. About 740 of his followers were also executed at Delhi.

The Russian Revolution fired people’s imagination across the world. In many countries, communist parties were formed. The Russian communist government encouraged the colonies to fight for their freedom and gave all support to them. Debates over key issues, land reforms, social welfare, workers’ rights, and gender equality taking place in a global context.

(a) Based upon the fourteen points of the American President Woodrow Wilson.

(b) Germany surrendered Alsace and Lorraine to Europe.

(c) In Germany, Russia, Austria and Turkey.

(d) Czechoslovakia and Poland.

A wave of enthusiasm spread among the common people because of continuous victories won by Banda Bahadur. The people became hopeful that Banda Bahadur would free them from the tyranny of the Mughals. So many Hindus and Muslims started embracing Sikh religion. The inhabitants of Muslim villages like Unarasa were converted to Sikh religion.

The Faujdar of Jalalabad did not tolerate it. He imprisoned many Sikhs of that village. Banda Bahadur, on getting this report, set out towards Unarasa to get the Sikhs released.

1. Attack on Saharanpur: The Sikhs attacked Saharanpur after crossing the river Yamuna. The Faujdar of Saharanpur ran away to Delhi on the arrival of Sikhs. His subordinates tried to resist the attacks of the Sikhs but were badly defeated. The Sikh army occupied a major portion of Saharanpur. They changed the name of Saharanpur to Bhagnagar.

2. Battle of Bihat: After Saharanpur, Banda Bahadur marched towards Bihat. The Pirzadas of Bihat were commiting atrocities on the Hindus. They used to slaughter cows at public places. Banda Bahadur put many Pirzadas to sword. It is said that only one Pirzada escaped the sword of Banda Bahadur because at that time he was away to Bulandshahr.

3. Attack on Ambeta: After Bihat, Banda Bahadur attacked Ambeta. The Afghans (Pathans) of Ambeta were very rich. They did not oppose the Sikh army. The Sikh army acquired a lot of money from them.

4. Attack on Nanota: The Sikhs attacked Nanota on July 21,1710. The Sheikhzadas of Nanota were experts in archery. They gave a tough fight to the Sikh army. The fight spread over to the streets and market of the town. Finally, the Sikh army won the victory and three hundred Sheikhzadas were killed.

5. Attack on Unarasa: After the victory of Nanota, Banda Bahadur turned to Jalalabad and Unarasa, which were his main targets. Banda Bahadur sent the message through his representative to Jalal Khan to ask him to immediately release the imprisoned Sikhs and quietly accept the suzerainty of Banda Bahadur. Jalal Khan refused to accept the orders of Banda Bahadur. He even insulted the representative of Banda Bahadur. Banda Bahadur now stormed Unarasa. A fierce battle took place and the Sikhs won it. Jalal Khan and his nephews Jamal Khan and Pir Khan were killed.

Victory of Sirhind.

(b) (i) and (ii) are correct

1. All the central powers were directed to pay war indemnity especially Germany was to pay heavy amount for the losses suffered. 

2. Germany had to pay 6,600 million pounds as per the Reparation Commission, but can be paid in installments. 

3. The Germans should not have submarines and airforce, but can have a small navy and an army of one lakh men. 

4. Austria and Germany separated and Austria was given independence. 

5. All German colonies came under the mandated territories of League of nations. 

6. Germany had to give up all her overseas possessions, rights and titles to the allies. 

7. Germany surrendered Alsace-Lorraine to France. 

8. She signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Russia and the treaty of Bucharest with Bulgaria. 

9. Rhineland was to be occupied by the allies. East of Rhineland area was to be demilitarised.

10. Poland was recreated with a corridor to Baltic containing the port of Danzig of Germany

Madho Dass called himself a Dass (a humble servent) or Banda (a reliable follower of Guru Sahib).

(b) (i) and (ii) are correct

(d) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct

(a) Capitalism inevitably led to the concept of Imperialism.

(b) According to Lenin, imperialism is the highest stage of Capitalism.

(c) The colonies served as a market for goods and also vast suppliers of raw materials like cotton, Rubber etc.

(d) The logic behind Imperialism apart from colonisation was, total militarisation and total war.

“All power to the soviets” and “Bread, Peace and Land” were the slogans raised by Lenin that attracted the soviet people who were devastated by war time shortages.

A. (iv) 

B. (v) 

C. (i)

D. (ii) 

E. (iii)

(a) Adam Smith