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(c) Rajasthan

Township Development Scheme was planned to construct a film city, an elephant village, etc.

Jaipur, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur and Udaipur districts.

Delhi, Agra and Jaipur.

Planning is important in a developing country like India for the following reasons: 

1. To eliminate poverty. 

2. To increase the national and per capital income of the country. 

3. To reduce the inequality between income and prosperity. 

4. To increase employment opportunities.

5. For multifaceted development. 

6. To secure self dependence.

Bill Clinton visited Nayla Village of Rajasthan.

The priorities of planning change with time, however the foremost objective of planning is development, modernization, self dependence and social justice.

National Planning Council is organised for each plan at the time of the formulation of the plan. The council consist of famous engineers, scientists, economists, social scientists and other experts.

The Bedas of Hulagali village of Belgaumdistrict rebelled against the British.

Shivalingappa.

Rayanna of Kittur state belonged to Sangolli village.

The Amara Sulya rebellion was basically a Farmer’s rebellion.

Surapura is at fifty kilometers from the present day Yadgir. Venkatappa Nayaka came to throne at an early age. His ascendance to throne was opposed by Krishna Nayaka’s brother Peddanayaka. This resulted in internal struggles. The British interfered in the affairs of Surapura. In 1842, they appointed Medes Taylor as their political agent and gained proxy power over Surapura.

In 1857, it came to the notice of government that the representatives of Nana Saheba were present in Surapura. The British appointed an officer named Campbell to report on the various activities of the King. The officer submitted a report to the resident of Hyderabad that the King is involved in misadministration. The British army captured Surapura in 1858. The war continued, there are confusions regarding Venkatappa Nayaka’s end.

Colonel Deak.

British entered an agreement with Hyder Ali through Madras treaty.

After the death of Aurangzeb, Moghul empire was weakened. As a result the Moghul lost political control over South India. A lot of political struggles took place in Carnatic region. Before this, the death of Chikkadevaraj wodeyar in 1704 created the various political challenges in Mysuru state. His death created the problems of succession and administration. All these developments Cloded the politics of Mysuru. Hyder Ali gained prominence in this scenario of uncertainty that clouded over the Mysuru and carnatic region. He joined Mysore Army as an ordinary soldier, but was known for his shrewd political moves. He came into prominence during the siege of Devanahalli and militaiy action against Nizam of Arcot.

Dondiya started his career as a cavalry soldier in Hyder Ali’s army and grew to the position of military general. He built his own private army and fought along with Tippu Sultan. Due to differences with Tippu, he was imprisoned. The British released him from the prison after the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War. He built a small army and started his operations. He organized the army with the unhappy soldiers of Tippu’s army and the feudatory rulers who had lost power. He captured Bidanoor and Shivamogga forts and made unsuccessful attempt to capture Chitradurga fort. Lord Wellesley tried check this rebellion.

An attack was organized on Shivamogga, Honalli, Harihara and other places under the control of Dondiya. Dondiya lost his base. After the capture of Shikaripura, Dondiya ran away towards Gutti, which was under the control of Nizam of Hyderabad. When Nizam’s army attacked Gutti, Dondiya had to run towards the regions of Maratha. The Maratha army attacked him and captured most of his horses, camels and arms. In spite of these, he continued his war fare. When he was caught in between Maratha Army and Nizam’s army, the British attacked him near Yelaparavi and killed him at Konagal.

Following are the conditions of Srirangapatanam treaty:

1. Tippu was forced to. part with half of his Kingdom, was forced pay three crore rupees as war damage fee. 

2. He had to pledge two of his children as a guarantee against the payment.

3. He was also forced to release the Prisoners of War.

Correct option is (b) Lord Dalhousie

The Second Anglo-Mysore was started in 1780. Hyder Ali was defeated in a battle held in Port Novae by the British. This increased the confidence of the British and also changed the direction of the battle. But they suffered financial setbacks in Pulieat and Soliungur. Meanwhile, by entering ‘Salbai Agreement’, the British were successful in winning over the Marathas and Nizam of Hyderabad to their side. Hyder Ali died due to illness during the war. The British tried to take advantage of Hyder Ali’s death by invading Mangalore and Bidanoor. They also tried to instigate the rulers of Calicut and Malabar regions against Tippu Sultan. Tippu Sultan defeated the British. The “Treaty of Mangalore” ended the Second Anglo-Mysore War in 1784.

Fourth Anglo-Mysore War took place between Tippu Sultan and British in 1799. The British were able to destroy the strong fort. Tippu died while fighting the British in 1799. With the death of Tippu Sultan, the British were happy as if the whole India came under their rule. Most of the territories under Tippu’s rule was shared among the British, Marathas and Hyderabad Nizam. A small territory was handed were to the royal representative of Mysore Wodeyars. This region came to be known as Mysore Princely State.

Srirangapatna.

Hyder ali and British.

Most of the provisions in the Indian Constitution are based on this act. This act allowed the formation of fully responsible government by Indians. This act was applicable both to the Indian principalities and also to the British India regions. 

The following are the important features of this act:

1. A federal system of Indian Principalities, British governed regions and dominion states was formed. 

2. Reserve Bank of India was established. 

3. Diarchy was established at the Centre. 

4. Diarchy was canceled at the regional level and autonomy was granted. 

5. The Federal Court was established.

Superintendent of Police (SP).

The restrictions imposed in Regulating Act are : 

1. Before the implementation of the act, there were three presidencies under British rule. They are Bengal, Madras, and Bombay. All these three were independent administrative units. Under Regulating Act, the Bengal Presidency gained control over the other two presidencies.

2. The Governor of Bengal became the Governor-General of all the three Presidencies. 

3. The Governor-General was authorized to direct, exercise control and to supervise over the other two presidencies. 

4. The Bombay and Madras presidencies could not declare, war on anyone or enter into peace agreements without prior approval of the Governor General of Bengal Presidency and the Board of Directors of the Company. Only during acute emergencies, they were entitled to act independently. 

5. According to this Act, ‘Supreme Court of Judicature’ was established in Calcutta. In this central court, one Chief Justice and three ordinary judges were there.

The following are the important features of this act:

1. Act formulated Bi-Cameral legislative body. Lower House and Upper House were formed. 

2. Diarchy was allowed at regional governments. 

3. An high commissioner was appointed for India. 

4. Promised to improve local self government. 

5. Provincial budget was separated from central budget. 

6. Separate Electoral College’ was extended for Muslims, Sikhs, Anglo- Indians and Europeans.

Warren Hastings.

The Military.

The traditional education of Indians was in practice continuously. Certain changes occurred in the traditional education system during the rule of Muslim kings during the middle, ages. Later, new changes occurred during the British rule during the 18th century. New schools were started for the children of British and Europeans living in India. Since these facilities were never extended to the locals, it was of no use for them. Warren Hastings facilitated the expansion of modern education in India. In 1781, he started ‘Calcutta Madarasa’. Jonathan Duncan, a British individual started Sanskrit College in Banaras in 1792. But, it was Charles Grant who pressed for the universalization of British’ education in India. 

It effects are :

1. Indians could develop modernity, secularism, democratic attitudes and rationality along with Nationalistic ideals. 

2. The impetus was received for the local literature and languages. This facilitated unity in thinking process among the educated class. 

3. Periodicals started emerging. These scrutinized the policies and. working of the government which in turn enabled the Indians to have critical opinions on various issues. 

4. New social and religious reformation movements emerged. 

5. The thoughts of thinkers like J.S. Mill, Rousseau and Montesquieu brought fresh thinking in the mind of educated youth of India. 

6. The freedom struggles that were taking place across the globe influenced the Indians also. 

7. Indians could understand and appreciate their rich tradition. Like this, the new thinking and cultural perception that emerged due to the British Education System created a new generation of Indians with progressive attitudes.

Following are the effects of British Land Tax System: 

1. A new class of Zamindars who exploited the farmers was created. 

2. The farmers who were subjected to the exploitation of the Zamindars became landless slowly. 

3. Land became a commodity. Loans could be raised by mortgaging the lands. 

4. Many Zamindars also had to mortgage their lands in order to pay the land taxes. 

5. The Agriculture sector became commercialized and had to grow raw materials needed by industries back in England. 

6. The money lenders became strong.

War, Negotiation

(d) none of these

The answer is (c) Fe

The answer is (c) Fe³⁺

The answer is (b) Zn²⁺

The answer is (d) + 3

The answer is (a) Ce

(i) Decreases (ii) Increases

Detailed Answer : 

(i) On moving across a period, nuclear pull increases due to the increases in the atomic number and thus the atomic size decreases. Hence, elements cannot Iose electrons easily. The metallic nature decreases across a period, moving from left to right. 

(ii) On moving down a group, the atomic size increases and the nuclear charge also increases. The effect of an increased atomic size is greater as compared to the increased nuclear charge. Therefore, metallic nature increases as one move down a Soup.

(a) due to presence of Ca²⁺ & Mg²⁺ions in hard water that result in scum formation with soap.

(b) it gets decomposed at high temperature.

(a) Salvarsan is an antimicrobial agent. 

(b) It is used for the treatment of syphilis.

1. Tissue culture can be carried out in any season to produce plants. 

2. Plants which do not produce viable seeds and seeds that are difficult to germinate can be propagated by tissue culture. 

3. Cells can be genetically modified and transformed using tissue culture.

(c) Both the statements are correct.

Hofmeister described the structure of pollen tetrad

Individuals developed by asexual reproduction are morphologically and genetically identical. Such individuals are called as clones.

(b) The plant which is used for graft is scion.

1. Stolon – E.g.: Fragaria 

2. Sucker – E.g.: Chrysanthemum

(a) 1 – (iii), 

2 – (i), 

3 – (iv), 

4 – (ii)

The genetic ability of a plant cell to produce the entire plant under suitable conditions is said to be totipotency.

(c) Diaspores