Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Everything in the world is new and strange for a new born baby. They have a puzzled look at anything and everything. They are curious about everything they see and hear around them. The world of the baby revolves around its mother.

(i) The first little house of the bird was small and round. It was made of a pale-blue shell.

(ii) The nest was a little one made up of straw. The bird thought that the nest was covered by its mother.

(iii) The world around the bird’s nest were the trees filled with leaves and the vast blue sky.

No, she was not right to settle into a comer especially near the door. The train was crowded and people were not able to stand safely. Space is less. If I was there, I adjust myself and go inside as much as possible.

The voices came from the passengers who stood at the door Of the train which was coming from the opposite direction.

Tea plants require tropical and sub-tropical climates. They need at least 100-125 cm of rainfall and acidic soils. They grow well on hill slopes at elevations of up to 1500 metres where they acquire a richer flavour at that height.

powdered green tea, bamboo whisk, milk, sugar, ginger, spices like cardamom, cloves, mace, jasmine, lemon.

1. acidic, beverage, evergreen, flavour. 

2. elevation, emperor, enable, establish

1. How and when did people first begin to drink tea?

2. We have three very distinct and different teagrowing regions in India.

Tea is made by brewing, that is by infusing tea leaves in boiling water.

French started their first factory insured in the year 1668.

In the changed circumstances, French made Salabath Jung, another son of AsafJha as the Nizam of Hyderabad. An officer named Bussi was stationed in Hyderabad for his protection by French. In Carnatic Chandsaheb was the Nawab with the help of French. Robert Clive of East India Company attacked Arcot, the capital city of Carnatic and defeated Chandsaheb. Chandsaheb was imprisoned and later killed in this war. In the place of Chandsaheb, the English named Mahammad Ali, the son of Anwaruddin, as the Nawab of Carnatic. The second Carnatic war ended with the Treaty of Pondicherry. French recalled Dupleix. This war brought laurels to English, while French suffered a political setback.

The Conditions of Subsidiary Alliance:

1. The Indian King had to keep the British Army in his kingdom. 

2. The concerned state had to bear the expenses of the army and the wages of soldiers, and also had to give certain revenue lands as well. The King has to have a British Resident in his Court. 

3. The King could not appoint any other European without the permission of the British. 

4. In order to enter any agreement or pact with any Indian Government, the permission of the Governor General was mandatory. 

5. In return of all these services, the Company would offer protection to the state from any internal or external aggression. 

6. The British could place Indian state under their control through this policy and the maintenance of the army became easy.

Dalhousie adopted Doctrine of Lapse policy whereby the adopted children of Indian Kings were refused of their right to throne. According to this policy, “If any Indian ruler dies without children, their adopted children had no legal right over the throne”. And such state gets merged with the British Empire. Princely states like Satara, Nagpur, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Jhansi, Jaipur came under this policy. As the Governor General knew the conditions of these states, he used this policy as a political weapon.

Constantinople.

United East India.

The combined forces of Mir Qasim faced the British army led by Hector Munro at Buxar in 1764. Mir Qasim got defeated and ran away from the battlefield. Sha Alam-II surrendered. The efforts of the combined forces to stop the British force failed completely.

Outcomes:

1. Sha Alam-II accorded the Dewani rights over Bengal to the British. 

2. Sha Alam-II gave away all the rights over Bengal to the British for an annual fee of rupees 26 lakhs. 

3. The Nawab of Awadh had to give away a fine of rupees 50 lakh for waging a war against the company. 

4. With the death of Mir Jaffar, the company paid pension to his son and took over the entire administration of Bengal.

Battle of Plassey (1757):Aliwardi Khan, the Nawab of Bengal died in 1756. His grandson Siraj-ud-Daula came to throne. The Plassey Battle took place between the young Nawab Siraj-ud-Daula and the British in 1757.

Reasons:

1. Misuse of Dastakaths: Siraj-ud- Daula was furious that the Dastakaths were misused by the officials of the company incurring losses to the government treasury. 

2. Mending of the fort without permission: The British repaired the fort of Calcutta and placed canons in them. This further angered Sirajud-Daula and he ordered the removal of canons from the court. The British refused to do this angering the Nawab further. 

3. Black Room Tragedy: Siraj-ud- Daula conquered the Fort William easily and imprisoned some of the British. He imprisoned 146 Englishmen in a small room in the fort, of which 123 died. This is called as the Black Room Tragedy. This enraged Robert Clive and arrived in Bengal with a large army.

Outcomes:

1. This war brought out the immorality, lack of unity among the Indians and the greed of Indian businessmen. 

2. Mir Jaffar became the Nawab of Bengal. 

3. The company gained exclusive rights to do business in-Bengal. 

4. Mir Jaffar had to pay rupees seventeen qorner and seventy lakh to as a relief to Sirja-ud-Daula’s attack on the Fort William. 5. The British projected Mir Jaffar as an inefficient Nawab and brought in his nephew Mir Qasim as the new Nawab.

1. Portuguese: Portuguese were the first to arrive at India for the trade and were also the last to leave India on the sea route. 

2. Dutch : Dutch are from Holland or Netherlands. They established United East India Company in 1602 with tie aim of doing business with eastern countries and entered countries like india, Java, Sumatra, Indonesia and Spices rich islands. 

3. English: In 1600, December 31, Queen Elizabeth issued a royal charter authorizing East India Company to trade with Eastern Countries for fifteen years. 

4. French: French East India Company started as a governmentowned company in 1664. It started its first factory in Surat in the year 1668. In this way Portuguese, Dutch, English and French were the Europeans who arrived at India to do business.

Lord Wellesly

Punjab became the dependent state of East India Company.

Vasco-da Gama.

Princely states like Satara, Nagpur, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Jhansi, Jaipur came under the Doctrine of Lapse policy.

Lord Wellesly

The trade and commerce between Asia and Europe were taking place through the city of Constantinople. In 1453, the Ottoman Turks captured the city of Constantinople. As a result all the trade routes connecting the city of Constantinople came under the control of Turks. The Turks started levying too many taxes on the goods passing through these roptes. As a result, the merchants felt that the trade was not profitable. Meanwhile, Spain and Portugal were attempting to break the monopoly of Italian traders. They started encouraging courageous sailors to find a sea route to India. The invention of Compass, Astrolabes, and Gunpowder provided further impetus to this venture.

At the end of First Anglo Marathawar, Salbai agreement was entered between Marathas and British.

Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-1818) The Maratha families tried their best to protect their independence and honour. Even the Peshwa attempted to free himself from the clutches of the Company. The Peshwa attacked the British Residency in Poona and brunt it down. Appa Saheb of Nagapur and Malhar Rao Holkar rebelled against the British and were suppressed ruthlessly. Finally, Peshwa Baji Rao II fought against the British at Koregaon and Ashti and later surrendered to the British. The British abolished the Peshwa post and granted a pension to BajiRao II. They installed Pratapa simha, the descendant of Shivaji as the ruler of Satara, a miniscule state, and named him as the traditional leader of Marathas and suppressed the Maratha resistance.

Between English and French 3 (three) Carnatic wars took place.

The Arab merchants carried the Asian Merchandise into Constantinople of Eastern Roman (Byzantium) Empire. Italian merchants would buy these goods and then sell in European countries. There was a great demand for Indian spices like pepper, cardamom, Ginger and many other spices in Europe. Like this, Constantinople was the center of international business and considered as the ‘Gate of European Trade’, while Arab merchants had gained a monopoly over the trade in Europe, the merchandise from Asia had brought good profits to Italian merchants.

The Marathas instilled Sha Alam-II back on the throne of Mughal Empire in Delhi. Sha Alam-II was under the care British after the defeat in Buxar war. Now, the Emperor gave Kora and Allahabad to Marathas, which he had earlier given them to the British. This resulted in the enmity between Marathas and the British. During this period, the death of Maratha strong man Madhav Rao Peshwa was a major setback to Marathas. Though, his brother Narayanrao came to power, he was murdered by his uncle Raghobha (Ragunatha Rao). This resulted in the infighting for the Peshwa post. The Maratha federation brought MadhavRao II of NarayanaRao to the post of Peshwa. Upset with this development, Raghobha approached the British for support. The British thought of exploiting this situation in their favour. Initially, though Marathas gained upper hand, later they had to lose Allahabad to the British. The Maratha federation unable to sustain the war with the British finally entered ‘Salbai Agreement’ and ended the war.

The Hyderabad Kingdom was established in 1724 by Asaf Jah..

Robert Clive.

Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta.

Dual-government.

Shah Alam-II accorded the Dewani rights over Bengal to the British

English started their first warehouse of a factory at Surat.

(a) Heating of an iron rod.
(b) Baking of chapati.
(c) Formation of ice from water.
(d) Formation of salt solution.
(e) Mixing of cement and water.

Hint: Different kinds; former can be reversed while the later cannot be reversed.

The CPU of a computer system in which thousands of integrated circuits are built onto a single silicon chip is called a microprocessor.

The working principle of an analog computer is by measuring rather than counting.

The working principle of a digital computer is counting.

High-performance, single-user computers typically used for graphics, CAD, software development and scientific applications.

It is a general-purpose computer contained in a single panel in which a touch screen is used as the input device.

Personal Digital Assistants.

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator.

Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer.

If the loop appears inside the body of another loop is called a nested loop.

अत्यधिक शाखित अपमार्जक।

औषधों को विभिन्न प्रकार से वर्गीकृत करने के अनेक लाभ हैं। उदाहरणार्थ, फार्माकोलोजिकल प्रभाव के आधार पर वर्गीकरण डॉक्टरों के लिए लाभदायक है क्योंकि इससे उन्हें किसी रोग विशेष के उपचार के लिए उपलब्ध सभी औषधों की जानकारी मिलती है। इसी प्रकार जैवरासायनिक प्रक्रम पर प्रभाव के आधार पर वर्गीकरण से वांछित औषध के संश्लेषण के लिए सही यौगिक के चयन में सहायता मिलती है। अणु लक्ष्यों के आधार पर वर्गीकरण से केमिस्टों को किसी विशेष ग्राही स्थल के लिए सर्वाधिक प्रभावी औषध के निर्माण में सहायता मिलती है। स्पष्ट है कि प्रत्येक प्रकार के वर्गीकरण की अपनी उपयोगिता है।

औषधों को विभिन्न प्रकार से वर्गीकृत करने के अनेक लाभ हैं। उदाहरणार्थ, फार्माकोलोजिकल प्रभाव के आधार पर वर्गीकरण डॉक्टरों के लिए लाभदायक है क्योंकि इससे उन्हें किसी रोग विशेष के उपचार के लिए उपलब्ध सभी औषधों की जानकारी मिलती है। इसी प्रकार जैवरासायनिक प्रक्रम पर प्रभाव के आधार पर वर्गीकरण से वांछित औषध के संश्लेषण के लिए सही यौगिक के चयन में सहायता मिलती है। अणु लक्ष्यों के आधार पर वर्गीकरण से केमिस्टों को किसी विशेष ग्राही स्थल के लिए सर्वाधिक प्रभावी औषध के निर्माण में सहायता मिलती है। स्पष्ट है कि प्रत्येक प्रकार के वर्गीकरण की अपनी उपयोगिता है।

औषध सामान्यत: जैविक वृहदाणुओं जैसे-कार्बोहाइड्रेट, लिपिड, प्रोटीन, न्यूक्लीक अम्ल के साथ अन्योन्यक्रियाएँ करते हैं जिन्हें औषध लक्ष्य कहते हैं।