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Fishing is not the only occupation of the people in Bhavanapdu village. They cultivate the land to grow crops and also rear animals and birds. The village soil is mainly loamy and rice is the principal crop grown on it. They don’t grow any commercial crops.

a) Tata Rao purchased the boat from Markonda in Odisha.

b) Because he had no fixed assets.

c) From Middlemen.

d) He invested Rs. 6 lakhs and a minimum of Rs. 5000/- per trip for diesel, wages, and other things.

e) No. He had no option but to sell the day’s catch of fish to the middleman.

Nets are of different types based on different sizes of the Kannulu (Rings) and the layers of the net. Recently a net known as Ring Net which helps in getting a better catch is being increasingly used by the fishermen. This has helped to reduce migration from the village. Earlier there were nets made up of cotton thread. Now cotton nets have almost been replaced by plastic, nylon and other synthetic, materials. A net lasts for 4 – 5 years. Nets are purchased by weight and the type of rings they contain. Nets cost around Rs. 250-300 per kg. Ring nets weigh around 500 kgs.

High tide: The bulge of seawater is high tide. 

Low tide: The level of the seawater reduces. It is low tide. High tides and low tides occur twice each day.

71% of our Earth is covered with water. 

a) Out of the total water on earth, 97% is saline water and 3% is freshwater. 

b) Out of the total freshwater, icecaps and glaciers are 68.7%, groundwater 30.1%, surface water is 0.3% and other is 0.9%. 

c) Out of the total fresh surface water, lakes are 87%, swamps are 11% and rivers are 2%.

The oceans are useful to us in many ways

1. We get salt from the ocean water. 

2. Seas abound in mineral wealth. 

3. Oceans provide us with large quantities and a variety of marine foods such as fish, shrimp, oysters, and crabs, etc. 

4. The oceans serve as water transport systems from one continent to another continent. It is cheaper to transport heavy cargo through navigation. 

5. Pearls are found in oysters.

(B) like earth’s surface

Answer is (A) Fishing

I supported the following statement. The life of fishermen is tied up With seas, why because he doesn’t know any other work. From childhood days onwards he depends on the sea to catch the fish and continue his life. He earns money for his family through fishing only. He has no capacity to live in either village or town because he has no assets and large lands. His main occupation is fishing only. He felt that the sea or Ocean is god and world to him also.

Ocean currents are of two types. They are: 

1) Warm currents: They flow from the equator towards poleward regions. 

Eg: The Gulf stream and the Atlantic drift. 

2) Cold currents: They flow from poleward regions towards the equator.

Eg: The Labrador current, The Greenland current.

(C) Both A & B

Answer is (D) two

(D) the Pacific Ocean

1. Ocean water is saline. It contains several mineral salts’ dissolved in it. 

2. The oceans are the main source of rainfall. 

3. Oceans are storehouses of fish and other seafood. 

4. They are the main source of salts. 

5. Oceans provide natural highways for international trade. 

6. Oceans regulate the temperature of the coastal regions. 

7. Oceans are necessary for the balance of the ecological systems. 

8. Pearls are found in oysters. 

9. Some fish like cod and shark provide us with liver oil which is used as a tonic. 

10. Oceans provide us with large quantities and a variety of marine foods such as fish, shrimp, oysters, and crabs, etc.

The vast body of salt water that covers a considerable portion of the earth s crust is called the ocean. There are three major oceans in the world. They are the Pacific, the Atlantic, and the Indian ocean. Apart from these three, waters of the Arctic and Antarctic are also described as oceans.

The number of major oceans is 5

(D) All the above

Answer is (D) 71%

Answer is (A) Waves

Saluva Narasimha Raya, Immadi Narasimha Raya.

Sri Krishna Devaraya, Atchutarayalu etc

(ii) The Pole Star indicates the direction to the North

The Sun, eight planets, satellites and some other celestial bodies known as asteroids, comets and meteoroids form the solar system.All have their own gravity of different strengths which help them to hold in place in the solar system

A galaxy is a huge system of billions of stars, and clouds of dust and gases.Millions of such galaxies make up the universe.

    (iii) Venus known as the “Earth’s Twin”

(ii) Earth is the third nearest planet to the Sun

Conditions favourable to support life are probably present only on Earth. The Earth is neither too hot nor too cold. It has water and air, which are very essential for our survival. The air has life-supporting gases like oxygen. Because of these reasons, the Earth is a unique planet in the solar system.

A huge system of stars is called a galaxy.

The Moon is the closest celestial body to our Earth.

Planets do not have their own heat and light.

The Earth is spherical in shape.It is slightly flattened at the North and South Poles, and bulges at the equator due to the outward force caused by the rotation of the Earth. This shape of the Earth is described as a ‘geoid’, that is, ‘an Earth-like shape’.

The area between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn is known as the Torrid Zone. The mid-day Sun is exactly overhead at least once a year on all the latitudes in this area; hence, this area receives maximum amount of heat.

(ii)The value of the Prime Meridian is 0º

The Standard Meridian of India is 82 1/2º  E.

In London, the Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is followed. The Indian Standard Meridian is located 82 1/2º east of the Prime Meridian. Thus the Indian Standard Time(IST) is 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of GMT. So, when it is 12 noon in London, it is 5.30 in India

Correct option is: 90° S

Answer is: Parallels

Correct option is: (iii) 23° 30′

(B) Antarctic Circle, Tropic of Capricorn, Equator, Tropic of Cancer, Arctic Circle

Tropic of Cancer (23° 30′ N)

Answer is: Semicircular

Parallels and meridians can be drawn on a globe though not on the earth. That is why parallels and meridians are imaginary lines on the earth.

Answer is: Graticule

Correct option is: (i) Arctic Circle

To become a ham, one should qualify in 

1) Morse code 

2) communication procedure and 

3) basic electronics.

Disaster management becomes imperative in public places, business centres and road junctions etc. Large number of people move around in such areas.

1. The pictures are of Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela. Both of them are world class leaders. They sacrificed their lives for their countries. They exhibited excellent human qualities in their movements. They remain forever as models for leadership and humanity.

2. Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela have a lot of similarities in their lives. In fact, Mandela derived inspiration from Gandhi. Both are coloured. Both suffered at the hands of the whites. Both of them fought for their countries. They sacrificed their personal lives for their movement. Both of them spent a lot of time in jails. People regard both of them as their greatest leaders.

The latitude of the North Pole would be 90°N. All the meridians of longitudes pass through the North Pole. So the North pole would be 0° longitude.