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On the eve of the war of the Mahabharata, when Arjuna saw the two armies getting ready for battle, he raised profound doubts about the correctness of his action. He was worried about the bad consequences of the battle. He was sad to think that his action of fighting the battle would bring about great slaughter and misery to his own kin.

महाभारत के युद्ध के अवसर पर जब अर्जुन ने दोनों सेनाओं को युद्ध के लिए तैयार होते हुए देखा तो उसने अपने कार्य के औचित्य पर गहरे संशय व्यक्त किये। वह युद्ध के दुष्परिणाम के विषय में सोचकर चिन्तित था। वह यह सोचकर दुखी था कि उसके युद्ध करने से उसके अपने सम्बन्धियों के वध होंगे व उनके लिए दु:ख उत्पन्न होगा।

Jaisalmer is the least populated district in Rajasthan according to 2011 census.

Kota district of Rajasthan has the highest literacy rate.

Answer is: (a) Kota

The Child Sex Ratio is defined as the sex ratio of the age group 0-6 years in a human population.

The sex ratio refers to the ratio of males to females in a population.

(i) Krishna Menon was India’s Defence Minister from 1957 to 1962. He led the Indian delegation to the United Nations, and on 23 January, 1957 delivered an unprecedented 9 hour speech defending India’s stand on Kashmir.

कृष्णा मेनन 1957 से 1962 तक भारत के रक्षा मन्त्री थे। उन्होंने संयुक्त राष्ट्र गये भारत के प्रतिनिधिमण्डल का नेतृत्व किया था, और 23 जनवरी, 1957 को उन्होंने भारत के कश्मीर सम्बन्धी पक्ष के बचाव में एक अभूतपूर्व नौ घण्टे को भाषण दिया था।

(ii) The famous Bhagwad Gita, which is one small section of the Mahabharata, presents a tussle between two contrary moral positions Krishna’s emphasis on doing one’s duty, on one side, and Arjuna’s focus on avoiding bad consequences (and generating good ones), on the other.

प्रसिद्ध भगवद्गीता, जो महाभारत का एक छोटा-सा अंश है, दो परस्पर विरोधी नैतिक पक्षों के बीच संघर्ष को प्रस्तुत करती है – एक ओर, कृष्ण का अपने कर्तव्य को करने पर जोर, और दूसरी ओर, अर्जुन को बुरे परिणामों से बचने (और अच्छे परिणाम उत्पन्न करने) पर ध्यान।

Many women in India have participated prominently in the country’s argumentative tradition. Many of the dominant political parties in India national as well as regional are currently led by women and have been so led in the past. In ancient India, Gargi and Maitreyi were the two prominent names that took part in arguing combats.

भारत में बहुत-सी महिलाओं ने इस देश की तर्क करने की परम्परा में प्रमुख रूप से भाग लिया है। वर्तमान में भारत में बहुत से प्रभावशाली राजनीतिक दलों – राष्ट्रीय व क्षेत्रीय दोनों – की नेता महिलाएँ हैं और अतीत में भी रही हैं। प्राचीन भारत में, गार्गी और मैत्रेयी दो प्रमुख नाम थे जिन्होंने शास्त्रार्थों में भाग लिया।

In fact, the very deeply-ingrained features of public debate and intellectual pluralism in the Indian tradition have shaped the character of Indian, and to an extent, oriental school of thought which has in turn produced the most ancient civilisation in the world. Be it the epic ‘Mahabharata’, where the contrasting arguments of Krishna and Arjuna create the most exhaustive discourse in human history; or the highly intellectual battles of thoughts and concepts between numerous interlocutors in the spiritual, political and religious realms – each one of these are jewels in philosophical endeavour, as well as in the practice of day-to-day human existence.

वास्तव में भारतीय परंपरा में गहन रूप से जड़ित सार्वजनिक तर्क-वितर्क एवं बौद्धिक विविधता की विशेषताओं ने भारतीय विचारधारा, व कुछ सीमा तक पूर्वी विचारधारा को आकार दिया है – जिसने विश्व की सबसे प्राचीन सभ्यता को जन्म दिया। चाहे वह महाकाव्य ‘महाभारत’ हो, जहाँ कृष्ण व अर्जुन के विरोधाभासी तर्क हों जो मानव इतिहास में सबसे विस्तृत व्याख्यान है; या फिर विचारों और मुद्दों का अनेक वार्ताकारों के मध्य आध्यात्मिक, राजनीतिक व धार्मिक क्षेत्रों में श्रेष्ठ बौद्धिक शास्त्रार्थ हों – प्रत्येक दार्शनिक प्रयत्न तथा मानव-जीवन की दैनिक आचरण-शैली का रत्न है।

(b) 121.06 crore

Jaipur district is the mostly populated in Rajasthan.

The essay touches on the history of India, right from the down of human civilization, to the present. It speaks about the ‘Mahabharata’, and the Vedic Age with its caste differentiation. It traces the origin and spread of Buddhism and Jainism – among the oldest religions of the world. It moves on to the Bhakti Movement in the Middle Age and finally discusses modern India and its socio-political features. In doing so, the essay also defines India’s identity, its character, its uniqueness, its age-old and yet evolving philosophy and its message to all humanity. The essay thus, reveals the very soul of India.

यह निबन्ध मानव-सभ्यता के उदय से लेकर, भारतीय इतिहास के वर्तमान को वर्णित करता है। यह ‘महाभारत’ एवं वैदिक युग व उसकी वर्ण-व्यवस्था, की बात करता है। यह विश्व के प्राचीनतम धर्मों में मान्य बौध व जैन धर्म की उत्पत्ति व विस्तार को चिन्हित करता है। यह निबन्ध मध्यकालीन भक्ति आंदोलन’ की ओर बढ़ता है वे अंततः आधुनिक भारत व उसकी सामाजिक-आर्थिक विशेषताओं की चर्चा करता है। ऐसा करते हुए यह निबन्ध भारत की पहचान, उसका चरित्र, उसकी अनुपमता, उसकी युगों-पुरानी, तद्यापि सततः विकसित होती दार्शनिक सोच एवं मानव जाति के लिए उसके संदेश को परिभाषित करता है। इस प्रकार, यह निबन्ध भारत की आत्मा को उजागर करता है।

Answer is: (c) 382

A person who helps in developing his nation along with his own development is known as Human Resource or human development.

Arunachal Pradesh.

75.13% percentage of population resides in rural areas in Rajasthan.

On 1st April, 2010.

Quantitative Aspect of human Resources : 

• Size and Growth of population in Rajasthan : The highest impacting factor in developing the human race of a particular country or state is the size and growth of population there. If the population is not controlled or remains to grow at a high rate, then the state lags behind in building a capable citizen base. The economy is negatively impacted if human capital does not grow according to its expectations. Therefore, the study of size and growth of population becomes necessary.
• Population density : This is a list of countries and dependent territories ranked by population density, measured by the number of human inhabitants per square kilometer. According to the 2011 census, the population density of Rajasthan was calculated at 200 person per sq. km while population density of India has been 382. Highest population density is 1106 in Bihar and lowest is 17 in Arunachal Pradesh. Population density in Rajasthan was 165 in the year 2001. 
• Urban and Rural population in Rajasthan : The population is divided on 2 bases- Urban and Rural. Because huge difference is found in the structure, density, distribution, standard of living, problems, etc. of rural and urban population. A clear line of demarcation cannot be drawn easily between rural and urban population, because migration continuously takes place between these two. 
• Sex- Ratio : The sex ratio refers to the ratio of males to females in a population. As per 2011 census, the sex-ratio in Rajasthan was 928 and for India it was 943. Therefore, the sex ratio of Rajasthan was lower than that of India. But in 2001, it was 921, thus an increase of 7 points. Pratapgarh has the highest sex ratio of 994 and Dholpur has the lowest sex ratio of 846.

Answer is: (c) 2

As per 2011 census, 943 is the sex-ratio of India.

Answer is: (a) Jaipur

8th is the position of Rajasthan in India with the point of view of population.

Additional income.

Kerala (1084) .

Answer is: (a) Barmer

Following are the reasons for increase in size and growth of population :

• Child marriage : People in the state of Rajasthan get married at a a very early age. Consequently, they have children at an early age, hence the population increases. Legal age for marriage is 21 and 18 years for boys and girls respectively. 
• Poverty and low standard of living : Since ancient times, Rajasthan has been economically backward. Population is used both as a power and means. Therefore, people wanted to increase population both for power and means. Due to this, population increased rapidly. In current time, people of lower sections treat an additional child as an additional source of income.
• Lack of education : The standard of education in Rajasthan has been low. Due to illiteracy, people are not aware of their future. The conditions of female literacy is miserable in comparison to male literacy in Rajasthan. 
• Economic backwardness : Along with economic development, the population growth declines. Rajasthan is backward from the point of view of economic development. 
• Hot climate : Due to hot climate, people get mature early, due to which population growth rate increases.
• Failure of family planning programs : Lack of desire among people, carelessness of the employees and inadequate awareness towards the programs of family planning are the main reasons for no decline in population growth rate. 
• Difference in birth and death rate : The population growth in Rajasthan remains very high due to huge difference in birth rate and death rate. As per the economic survey of 2014-15, the birthrate per 1000 in 2012 was 25.9 ,and at all India level, it was 21.6. Compulsion of marriage and less age at the time of marriage is the major reason for this. 
• Population migration : In the planning phase, lot of people from neighbouring countries as well as other states migrated to Rajasthan.

The surface area of Rajasthan is 10.4% percent of the total surface area of India.

32.5% was population growth rate in Barmer.

Answer is: (a) Bihar

Increase of 7 basis points (921-928).

To develop various social and economic aspects of the country and make people more prosperous and happier.

Following are the reasons behind low literacy rate in Rajasthan : 

1. Prior to reorganization of states, no attention was paid towards literacy in Rajasthan. 

2. Different governments also did not pay much heed towards development of literacy. 

3. Social and economic causes affected literacy. 

4. Poor financial condition of the state served as an impediment in achieving literacy. 

5. There was scarcity of resources of education and schools.

Primary Education.

Uttar Pradesh.

Answer is : (b) 6.85 crore

Answer is: (b) 928

Humid Climate.

The sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population. As per 2011 census, the sex- ratio in Rajasthan was 928, and for India it was 943. Therefore, the sex ratio of Rajasthan was lower than that of India. But in 2001, it was 921, thus an increase of 7 points. Pratapgarh has the highest sex ratio of 994 and Dholpur has the lowest sex ratio of 846.

Dholpur (846).

According to the 2011 census, 72.99% was the literacy rate in India.

Hospitals, number of doctors, nutrition and facility of potable water are included in the healthcare services.

Efforts made by Rajasthan Government in the field of Education- Till 2014-15, there were 41,525 primary, 37,573 upper primary and 27,155 secondary/higher secondary schools operating in Rajasthan, where 60.75 lakh students were enrolled. A programme named “Education For All” is being run to educate children in the age group of 6-14. Right to free and compulsory education has been enforced in the state under the Right to Education Act of 2009 since 1st April 2010 . Under this, 25 per cent seats are reserved in private schools for children from weaker section.

To promote girl education, 200 Kasturba Gandhi Girls Schools and 10 Mewat girls Residential Schools are operated. To increase the quality of education, self employment drive has been initiated from 2012-13 and development of physical resources has been emphasised upon in schools. With the objective of making Net Enrollment Ratio as 100 per cent till 2017 and Stability Rate as 100 per cent till 2020, National Secondary Education Mission (NSEM) plan is being run.

Efforts made by Rajasthan Government in the field of health : Hospitals, number of doctors, nutrition and facilities of potable water are included in healthcare services. Till 2014, total number of allopaethic medical centers was 17543, in which there were 113 hospitals, 194 dispensaries and 14408 sub health care centers. At present, 118 ayurvedic hospitals, 3577 ayurvedic dispensaries and 3 yoga and natural hospitals are operating in the state. There was 46669 beds available for patients in the state. As compared to other states, there is lack of healthcare facilities in the state.

Chief Minister Free Medicine plan was enforced on 2nd October 2011. The objective of this plan is to provide benefits to all those patient who come to the government hospital. This plan is providing maximum medicines to the patients free of cost.

Apart from this, Mother-Child security Scheme, National Children Healtha Program, Chief Minister A PL Security Fund Plan, Janini express, Dhanvantri 108 toll free Ambulance plan etc. are being run as well.

1. Infant mortality rate 

2. Population and labour force 

3. Rate of capital formation 

4. Standard of income 

5. Ratio of per capital land 

6. Details of income 

7. Standard of living 

8. Standard of exchange 

9. Size of production, productivity and environment.

“Education For All” programme.

In 1921 was the population density negative in Rajasthan.

Poverty is the reason for low literacy in Rajasthan.

200 persons per sq. km.

Jalore (38.5%) .

52.10 per cent.

Sex ratio of age group of 0-6 is considered as child sex-ratio. In Rajasthan, the child sex- ratio decreased to 888 in 2011, which was 909 in 2001. This is a subject of serious concern in Rajasthan. The surface area of Rajasthan is 10.4 per cent of the surface area of India and 50% of the total population resides over here.