Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Rose and grapes.

The animals of the region also have thick fur to protect them from extreme cold. Some animals hibernate or sleep all through winters. The thick layers of fat under their skin proves useful during this period.

(i) Artificial methods of vegetative propagation like cutting are used to grow, rose plants.

(ii) Artificial methods of vegetative propagation like layering are used for growing jasmine plant.

Hibiscus and Bougainvillea.

Cool temperate east coast:

1. The cool temperate East coast experiences milder summer and winter due to the influence of the oceans.

2. The region receives abundant rainfall throughout the year, which is more than that received in the cool temperate climatic region.

West coast climates:

1. The cool temperate west coast type experiences summer warms and dry while winters are mild and wet.

2. Receive abundant rainfall throughout the year brought by the Westerly winds.

The various artificial methods of vegetative propagation in plants are: 

(a) Cutting: In this any part of the plant like the stem root or leaf is cut and buried in the soil which gives rise to a new plant as in rose, guava, grapes etc., 

(b) Layering: In plants like jasmine and strawberry a branch from the plant is brought down too the ground and covered with damp soil. After few days new roots are formed and the branch is cut from the main plant. 

(c) Grafting: In this the stem of a plant is given a cut and the other plant is fixed (with its stem) in it e.g., sugarcane, roses, grapes are grown for agricultural purposes. 

(d) By Roots: Plants like sweet potato show the growth of more plants from a root. 

(e) Stem: Plants like potato, ginger, onion, they show growth from their stems. 

(f) By Buds: Plant like Bryophyllum and potato grow small buds on them and a growth of new plant takes place.

Layering is used for the production of jasmine plants .

(i) Rose grows by means of cutting. 

(ii) Jasmine grows by layering

(a) The process of growing many plants from one plant by man-made methods is called artificial propagation of plants. 

(b) The methods used for artificial propagation of plants are: 

(i) Cutting 

(ii) Layering and 

(iii) Grafting 

(c) (i) Rose grows by means of cutting. 

(ii) Jasmine grows by layering

a) A tuber is the thickened, underground stem (or root) of a plant which is swollen with stored food. Stem tuber: Potato; Root tuber: Sweet potato. 

(b) Buds

(a) Vegetative propagation is an asexual method of reproduction in which new plants are  obtained from the parts of old plants (like stems, roots and leaves) without the help of any  reproductive organs.  

(b) Buds.  

(c) The fields have dry stems of the old grass plants all over them. These dry stems have buds  which are in the inactive state. By getting rainwater, the buds present on the dry grass stems  get activated and grow to produce new grass plants.

In vegetative propagation, new plants are obtained from the parts of old plants (stems, roots  and leaves), without the help of reproductive organs. Example ? Bryophyllum plant reproduces  from its leaves and money plant grows from its stem. 

Advantages of vegetative propagation:- 

 (i) Plants grow faster by the process of vegetative propagation. 

(ii) They need less care.

(a) The process of getting back a full organism from its body parts is called regeneration. The two animals which can regenerate fully from the cut body parts are ? Planaria and Hydra.

(b)In complex multicellular organisms, specialized cells makeup tissues; tissues makeup organs; organs makeup organs systems and finally organs systems makeup organisms. Since complex Multi cellular organisms have a high degree of organisation in their body, they cannot be reproduced from their cut body parts by the process of regeneration.

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is considered as the blueprint for making all basic design of an organism. 

The DNA is present in the nucleus of a cell in the form of a condensed structure called chromosome.

The DNA in the cell nucleus is the information source for making proteins.

The two basic events of reproduction are :

(i) Creation of a DNA

(ii) Additional cellular apparatus by the cell involved in the process.

(a) Asexual Reproduction 

(i) The offspring arises from a single parent. 

(ii) The production of new organism does not involve gametes Example:- Amoeba, Yeast. Sexual Reproduction 

(i) The offspring arises from two parents of different sexes. 

(ii) The production of new organisms involves the use of gametes. Example:- Fish, Frogs, etc. 

(b) (i) Sexual Method: Cats, Humans, birds. 

(ii) Asexual method: Amoeba, Hydra.

Cellular DNA is the information source of making proteins in the cell. 

The basic event in reproduction is copying of DNA so that the cells can further divide.

B) National Rural Employment Guarantee Act

The direction of the magnetic field at a point can be found by placing a small magnetic compass at that point. The north end of the needle of a compass indicates the direction of magnetic field at a point where it is placed.

(a) More the radius weaker the field.
(b) Field strength is directly proportional to the number of turns in the coil.

The first observation is wrong. Because as the distance from the conductor increases, the strength of the magnetic field will decrease. So the degree of deflection of the compass should decrease instead of increasing.

The children of Rama Rao wait for him with eager faces that he will come back home with some magic fulfilment

रामा राव के बच्चे उसके लिए उत्सुक चेहरे से इन्तजार करते हैं कि वह कुछ चमत्कारिक पूर्ति के साथ घर वापिस आयेंगे।

Rama Rao wants to do something useful in Madras with that money.

रामा राव उस पैसे से मद्रास में कुछ उपयोगी कार्य करना चाहता है।

Rama Rao demands money from his wife so that he can invest it for the puzzles.

रामा राव अपनी पत्नी से पैसा माँगता है ताकि वह इसे पहेलियों में लगा सके।

(a) Rama Rao

Due to the falling cost of overseas involvement

Explanation: The US dollar could not maintain its value in term of gold. This led to an end of the fixed exchange rate system and the introduction of a floating exchange rate system.

A series of circumstances in the world of trade, commerce, banking and politics is responsible for the unstable world of commerce. The gramophone company automatically collapses when a bank in Lahore crashes which is itself the result of a Bombay financier’s death. The financier is driving downhill when his car flies off, sideways and comes to rest three hundred feet below the road. It is thought that he has committed suicide because the previous night his wife eloped with cashier.

व्यापार, वाणिज्य, बैंकिंग तथा राजनीति की दुनिया में घटित हुई परिस्थितियों की एक लम्बी श्रृंखला वाणिज्य के असन्तुलित संसार के लिए जिम्मेदार है। ग्रामोफोन की कम्पनी, स्वाभाविक रूप से ठप्प हो जाती है जब लाहौर का एक बैंक ठप्प हो जाता है, जो स्वयं बम्बई के एक पूँजीपति की मृत्यु का परिणाम है। यह पूँजीपति पहाड़ी से नीचे की ओर गाड़ी चलाकर आ रहा है कि उसकी कार बगल की ओर जा गिरती है तथा सड़क से तीन सौ गज नीचे जाकर रुकती है। ऐसा सोचा जाता है कि उसने आत्महत्या की है क्योंकि पिछली रात उसकी पत्नी उसके खजांची के साथ भाग गई थी।

The tenants who are living in the Extension bungalow, want to buy it.

किरायेदार जो एक्सटेंशन वाले बंगले में रह रहे हैं, उसे खरीदना चाहते हैं।

(a) the door

After his business gets ruined, Rama Rao starts investing his money in the crossword puzzles.

अपना व्यवसाय बर्बाद हो जाने के बाद, रामा राव अपना पैसा वर्ग पहेलियों में लगाता है।

(c) a gramophone company

After Rama Rao has got money by selling the house, he decides to start something useful in Madras.

रामा राव घर को बेचने से प्राप्त पैसे मिलने के बाद मद्रास में कुछ उपयोगी शुरू करने का निश्चय करता है।

It happened so because his blunders were numerous. He had nothing to earn money.

ऐसा इसलिए हुआ क्योंकि उसकी गलतियाँ बहुत सारी थीं। उसके पास पैसा कमाने के लिए कुछ नहीं था।

Rama Rao had a little money in the bank and some stock on hand. Therefore, he could not understand the full significance of the collapse of the company.

रामा राव के पास बैंक में थोड़ा-सा पैसा तथा हाथ में बचा हुआ स्टॉक था। अतः वह कम्पनी के ठप्प होने का पूरा अर्थ नहीं समझ सको।

The Bombay financier died in a road accident. It was thought that he committed suicide because his wife had eloped with his cashier.

बोम्बे को पूँजीपति सड़क दुर्घटना में मरा । ऐसा माना गया कि उसने आत्महत्या की थी क्योंकि उसकी पत्नी उसके खजांची के साथ भाग गयी थी।

A series of unfavorable circumstances in the world of trade, commerce, banking and politics was responsible for it.

व्यापार, वाणिज्य, बैंकिंग एवं राजनीति में घटित विपरीत परिस्थितियों की एक श्रृंखला इसके लिए जिम्मेदार थी।

Rama Rao earned enough money to keep his wife and children in good comfort and also build a bungalow in the Extension.

रामा राव अपनी पत्नी एवं बच्चों को आराम से रखने एवं एक्सटेंशन में एक बंगला बना लेने जितना पर्याप्त पैसा कमा लेता था।

When Rama Rao sat down to eat his wife said ‘Our tenants in the Extension bungalow came in the evening to ask if you would sell the house. They are ready to offer good cash for it immediately.’ She added quietly, “I think we may sell the house’. He replied that it was an excellent idea. She could keep some cash with her and run the house. He could do something useful in Madras.

जब रामा राव खाने पर बैठा तो उसकी पत्नी बोली, ‘हमारे एक्सटेंशन वाले बंगले के किरायेदार शाम को आये थे, यह पूछने कि क्या मकान बेचना चाहेंगे। वे इसके बदले अच्छी रकम तुरन्त देने को तैयार हैं।’ उसने चुपचाप यह बात जोड़ दी, ‘मैं सोचती हूँ, हम मकान को बेच सकते हैं।’ उसने जवाब दिया कि यह एक शानदार (बढ़िया) विचार था। वह कुछ नकदी अपने पास रख सकती थी और घर चला सकती थी। वह मद्रास में कुछ उपयोगी कार्य कर सकता था।

On the fateful day of results Rama Rao opened “The Captain and the correct solution stared him in the face. His blunders were numerous. There was no chance of getting back even a few annas now. He moped about till the evening. The more he brooded over this the more intolerable life seemed. All the losses, disappointments and frustrations of the life came down on him. Then he decided to end his life lying on a railway track

परिणामों के आने के महत्त्वपूर्ण दिन रामा राव ने ‘द कैप्टिन’ पत्रिका को खोला और सही उत्तर उसके चेहरे में घूरने लगा। उसकी गलतियाँ बहुत सारी थीं। अब कुछ आने की रकम भी वापस मिलने की सम्भावना न थी। वह शाम तक उदास रहा। वह जितना अधिक इस बारे में गहराई से सोचता, जीवन उतना ही अधिक असहनीय प्रतीत होता । सभी हानियाँ, निराशाएँ एवं जीवन की हताशाएँ उस पर हावी होने लगीं। तब उसने रेलवे पटरी पर लौटकर अपने जीवन को खत्म करने का निश्चय किया।

One day the good journal announced a special offer of eight thousand rupees. It excited Rama Rao’s vision of a future tenfold. After sending away the solution of the puzzle, he built elaborate castles in the air. He would send away his tenants, take his wife and children back to the bangalow in the Extension. He would leave all the money in his wife’s hands. He himself would take a hundred and go away to Madras and seek his future there.

एक दिन उसी भली पत्रिका ने आठ हजार रुपये का विशेष प्रस्ताव घोषित किया। इसने रामा राव के भविष्य के स्वप्न को दस गुना उत्तेजित कर डाला । पहेली के उत्तर भेजने के बाद, उसने हवा में विस्तृत किले बनाये। वह अपने किरायेदारों को निकाल देगा, अपनी पत्नी एवं बच्चों को एक्सटेंशन वाले बंगले में ले जायेगा। वह सारा पैसा अपनी पत्नी के हाथों में रख देगा। वह स्वयं एक सौ रुपये लेकर मद्रास चला जायेगा और अपना । भाग्य वहाँ आजमायेगा । 

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂Br + (aq KOH) → CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH 

Dihydrogen gas reacts with dioxygen gas as,

2H₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2H₂O(g)

Thus, two volumes of dihydrogen react with one volume of dihydrogen to produce two volumes of water vapour. Hence, ten volumes of dihydrogen will react with five volumes of dioxygen to produce ten volumes of water vapour.

Baking powder; When baking powder mixes with water, then sodium hydrogen carbonate reacts with tartaric acid to evolve carbon dioxide gas which gets trapped in the wet dough and bubbles out slowly making the cake soft and spongy.

Plaster of Paris.

Here, j = -0.60 x̄ = 60 s = 10

Mode:

j = \(\frac{\bar x−M_o}{s}\)

∴ – 0.60 = \(\frac{60−M_0}{10}\)

∴ -0.60 × 10 = 60 – M₀

∴ -6 = 60 – M₀

∴ M₀ = 60 +6 = 66

Therefore, mode = 66.

Median:

M₀ = 3M – 2x

∴66 = 3M – 2 (60)

∴ 66 = 3M – 120

∴ 66 + 120 = 3M

∴ 3M = 186

∴ M = \(\frac{186}{3}\)

Therefore, median = 62

In the transuranic elements, elements from atomic number 93 to 103 are actinoids and from atomic number 104 to 118 are called postactinoid elements.

• The man-made elements heavier titan Uranium (Z = 92) in the Actinoid señes are called transuranic elements. 
• These are synthetically or artificially prepared (man-made) elements starting from Neptunium (Z= 93). 
• Transuranic elements arc generally considered to be from Neptunium (Z = 93) to Lawrencium (Z = 103). 
• Recently elements from atomic number 104 (Rf) to atomic number 118 (Og) or (Uuo) in 6 d series have also been identified as transuranic elements. 
• All transuranic elements are radioactive. 

Calcination is a process in which the ore is heated to a high temperature below the melting point of the metal in the absence of air or limited supply of air in a reverberatory furnace.

It is generally used for carbonate and hydrated oxides to convert them into anhydrous oxides.