Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Maldives.

South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) was signed by SAARC members in 2004 with the following features: 

1. Formation of Free Trade Zone for whole south Asia. 

2. To sustain mutual trade and cooperation among SAARC members.

1. Nepal and Bhutan, as well as Bangladesh and Myanmar, have the disagreement over the migration of ethnic Nepalese into Bhutan and Rohingyas into Myanmar. 

2. Bangladesh and Nepal bear some differences over the future of Himalayan river water.

SPA stands for Seven Party Alliance to protest against the monarchy in Nepal.

India and Nepal enjoy the following agreements: 

1. Allow their citizens to travel and work without visas and passport. 

2. India is the largest aid giver to Nepal to provide financial and technical assistance in areas of trade, scientific cooperation, common natural resources, and electricity generation.

Bangladesh was created by the support of India because: 

1. West Pakistan did not allow Awami League, an East Pakistani Party to form the government despite winning all the seats. 

2. East Pakistanis rebelled against and were suppressed by the army of West Pakistan, resulting from large-scale migration into India. 

3. This created a huge refugee problem for India. 

4. Hence, India supported the demand of East Pakistanis financially and militarily. 

5. In December 1971, a war took place between India and Pakistan and ended with the surrender of Pakistani forces by forming Bangladesh as an independent country.

1. Transformed into a republic with a presidential form of government in 1968. 

2. In June 2005, parliament voted unanimously to introduce the multi-party system. 

3. Democracy strengthened after 2005 elections.

Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Sri Lanka

a. Nepal 

b. Nepal 

c. Sri Lanka 

d. Pakistan 

e. India 

f. Maldives 

g. Bangladesh 

h. Bhutan

The former name of Sri Lanka is Ceylon.

1. Bhutan

2. India

3. Maldives

4. Nepal

5. Pakistan

Sri Lanka has maintained a democratic political system along with a considerable economic growth i.e. Sri Lanka is one of the first developing countries to control population growth rate, liberalized economy and bears highest per capita Gross Domestic Product despite ongoing conflicts.

Since the amount of debenture is considered as loan debenture is a debt of the company and the debenture holders are the creditors of the company.

• Convertible debenture holders are considered as the creditors of the company. They get fixed interest till the debentures are converted into shares. So, in the beginning these debentures exist as creditors.
• When the debentures get converted into shares, the debenture holder gets all the rights that an equity share holder enjoys. They can attend general meetings and enjoy voting rights. They also get dividends.
• Hence, convertible debentures come into existence as creditors, but their re-birth is like owners.

Correct option is (C) Creditors

Correct option is (C) Preference share holders

Each bit such as eofbit, badbit, etc., are associated with the function that handles appropriate errors. Such function are called error handling functions. For example, eof() function.

A stream is a sequence of characters that move from the source to the destination. The streams generally used for file I/O is input stream, output stream, and error stream.

Correct option is (A) Equity share holder

Correct option is (D) Dividend paid to equity share holders

Equity share holders take a very high risk by investing in equity. They are not sure whether they will get dividend or not or how much will they get, the prices of shares may go down anytime. Moreover, during liquidation they are the last to receive their capital back.

The use of eof() function helps in detecting the end of file.

The use of seekg() function to move the get pointer to a specified location from the beginning of file.

The input streams are sequence of characters that move from input devices like a keyboard to the program/computer.
The output streams are sequence of characters that move from program/computer to an output device like a monitor.

The member functions belonging to ofstream class are open () with default output mode and inherits put(), write(), tellp() and seekp() from ostream.

Equity shares issued by a company to its directors or employees at a discounted price or for consideration other than cash for their specialized knowledge and skills that they provide to the company are known as sweat equity shares.

Correct option is (D) Debentures holders

Correct option is (D) Both (B) and (C)

The member function belonging to fstream class is open() with default input mode.

Correct option is (A) Equity share holder

The various file modes are ios::app, ios::ate, ios::binary, ios::in, ios:out etc.,

This class supports input operations on files and is derived from istream class.

The methods of opening file within C++ program

• Opening a file using constructor
• Opening a file using member function open() of the class Opening a file using constructor:

The syntax for opening file for output purpose only is ofstream obj(“filename”);
Example:
ofstream fout(“results.dat”);

The member functions belonging to ifstream class are open() with default input mode and inherits get(), getline(), read(), seekg() and tellg() from istream.

The use of getline() function is to read a whole line of text.

Correct option is (D) Debenture

Three major techniques of principles of scientific management are discussed below:

1. Time study:

• The scientific study of time required for completion of a task is called time study.
• The time decided on the basis of the study to finish this work under normal circumstances is called standard time for that time i.e. whenever a task will be done in that unit, it will be done within this standard time.
• As per Taylor, a task should be finished within the standardized time.
• Time study is very important for making optimum use of production equipment and achieving objectives on stipulated time.

2. Motion study:

• The study done to understand the motion of man and material during the given task is called motion study.
• Motion study is done to remove wastage of resources that occurs due to unnecessary and unproductive movement of men and material.
• For example, due to flaws in the method or design of the unit or. flaw in the assembly line the worker or material might be moving more than necessary. This causes fatigue among workers and wastage of resources such as electricity, fuel, etc.
• By performing motion study systematically, the fatigue of workers can be removed by removing wrong process of movement and productivity can be increased.

3. Differential wage-rate study:

• A referential wage-rate system is a method of wage payment in which after tests a standard time for any task is being set. The worker gets a high wage- rate for completing the job within the allotted time and lower wage-rate for / completing the job beyond the allotted time.
• Frederick Taylor favored this motivational wage method.
• Each worker working in factory has different work efficiency. Considering this fact, efficient worker should get more wages whereas workers having less efficiency should get lower wages.

Thoughts of Neo-Classical Theory:

• By the end of 19th century, formats and size of industries started growing due to industrial revolution. The classical theory proved to be less effective , on these large industries and so there rose a need for changes in these principles.
• So, to remove some limitations of classical theory, some management experts made changes to the existing principles and established new approaches. These new approaches or principles were called thoughts of Neo-Classical Theory.
• In the start of 201h century, Australian Industrial psychologist Elton Mayo gave the concept called the ‘Hawthorne Effect’ based on the study that he did in Hawthorne Works, America.
• This theory gave a new birth to behaviour oriented thought. Hence, Elton Mayo is called promoter of Thoughts of Neo-Classical Theory’:
• Thoughts of neo-classical theory emphasizes on behavioural approach and group behaviour.
• Later, certain additions were made to the thoughts of neo-classical theory.
  Keeping in mind the concepts of classical theory, certain additions were made in the neo-classical theory which included informal organization, human behaviour, human relations, inspiration, etc.
• Elton Mayo, Herzberg, Rensis Likert, Chris Argyris, McGregor and Maslow are main contributors to these thoughts.
• The thoughts of neo-classical theory especially focus on human relations or human behaviour thoughts, thoughts of social mechanism and social arrangement.

The text file and binary file are the two types of files in C++.

Text file:

A text file also called as ASCII file is a stream of characters that can be sequentially processed in a forward direction by the computer. In text files, each line of text end with a EOL (End of line) character and each file ends with a special character called the EOF (End of file). The file can be edited using text editors like C++ editor, notepad, vi editor in UNIX.

The methods of opening file within C++ program:

• Opening a file using constructor
• Opening a file using member function open() of the class

Opening a file using constructor:

The syntax for opening file for output purpose only is ofstream obj(“filename”);
where ofstream is a class and obj is a object of type ofstream and “filename” is any valid name of a file to be opened for output purpose only.

Opening file using open():

The syntax for opening file for output purpose only ofstream object.oper>(“filename”);
where ofstream is a class and object is of ofstream class type and filename is any valid file to be opened for output purpose only.

The advantages of saving data in binary form:

• Stores the data in binary form.
• Files can be either processed sequentially or randomly.
• No delimiters are used for a line.
• No internal translation takes place.
• It takes less space to store data. For example, the integer 4564 occupies 2 bytes in memory.

The advantages of saving data in text form:

• Stores the data in ASCII characters.
• Files processed sequentially in the forward direction.
• Delimiter EOL is used for End of line and EOF is used to mark the end of file.
• Internal translation takes place during EOL and EOF.
• It takes more space to store data. For example, the integer 4564 occupies 4 bytes in memory.

The stream classes supported by C++ for file input and output:

• fstreambase class provides facilities for file operations.
• Ifstream class supports read operations and consists of open () with default input mode.
• ofstream class supports output operations and consists of open() with default output mode.
• fstream() class supports both input and output operations. It contains open() with default input mode.
• filebuf class sets the file buffer to read and write.

#code

f = open ('Poem, txt','r')

c_to = θ    # count of 'to'

c_the = θ  # count of 'the'

for line in f:

c_to += line.count ('to')     # count ( ) function counts the occurrences of the word 

c_the += line.count ('the')  # 'the' otherwise it would count words like 'soothe'

print (c_to)

print (c_the)

True 

Application software refers to the programs that perform operations for a specified task of a user.

(d) Railway reservation system is an example of application software whereas, rest all are software utilities.

Two utilities of the cash book are as under :

1. It is not necessary to open a separate Cash account in the ledger.
2. The benefit of division of labour can be obtained.

(a) Drum is a medium size scanner which has rolling drum to scan your documents.

File manager is a software program that provides a user interface to work with the file system.