Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

The poem, ‘If I was a Tree’ is a social satire in which the poet makes a veiled and bitter attack on those who discriminate against untouchables, who are also members of the human society and are entitled to all the benefits and comforts given by the world of nature to mankind.

The speaker, by juxtaposing the human world with the world of nature, speaks in the persona of a ‘tree’ to express the anguish and humiliation suffered by an untouchable on those occasions in which the tree would come into contact with sunlight, cool breeze, raindrops and the Mother Earth.

On each of these occasions, the poet hypothetically places himself as an untouchable in place of the tree and expresses the likely comments the upper caste people would have made in the human world, even to let the untouchable to share the resources of nature for which he also has equal rights. First, the poet gives the example of the likely interaction between a bird and a tree. The bird would not ask the tree its caste if it wants to build its nest on the tree. On the contrary, an upper-caste would certainly ask the house owner, what caste he is before asking for shelter in his house.

The poet then cites the instances of the interaction between the tree and the elements of nature – the sunlight, the rain drops, the cool breeze and the Mother Earth.

It is quite natural for the sunlight to embrace a tree and the tree to cast its shadow on the ground. While this is accepted as ‘natural’ in the world of nature, in the world of human beings the upper caste people would feel that the shadow of the untouchable has defiled them.

Similarly, while the raindrops are meant to provide water to the Earth in order to quench everyone’s thirst, the upper caste people would refuse to share the resources of the Earth with the untouchables.

In the same way, in the world of nature the Mother Earth would support the tree to expand further from its roots, but in the world of human beings, if an untouchable attempted to expand his space and flourish, the upper caste people would flee to escape any contact with the untouchable and call for purification. Thus the speaker (as an untouchable) voices his anguish and humiliation for being denied the resources of nature though they also have equal rights to enjoy them.

The intersection of both the axis (X-axis and Y-axis) is called Origin (0)  of the graph.

Chart/ Graph are the visual representation of numerical data.

Doughnut chart Chart display in rings, where each ring represents a data series

1. It is a Doughnut chart 

2. Features of the doughnut chart 

• It displays data in rings 
• Each ring represents a data series 
• The first data series is displayed in the center of the chart

Charts can be prepared with three dimensional (3-D) effects. 3- D charts have a third axis. The third axis is called as Z-axis. So a 3-D chart has the following dimensions. 

1. Horizontal axis – Indicate the category – known as X-axis 

2. Vertical axis – Indicate the derived values – known as Y-axis 

3. Depth axis – Indicate the series – known as Z-axis

In 3D chart, the area is bounded by three axes ie X, Y, & Z

Legends specifices the colour, symbol or pattern used to mark data series.

The figure contain a Radar chart

1. Data Marker: Individual values plotted in a chart are called data marker or data point. 

2. Data Series: Data markers of the same colour or pattern is called data series.

Step 1. Click anywhere in the chart. 

Step 2. Click format 

Step 3. Click format selection 

Step 4. Select a category (Fill border, style, etc) 

Step 5. Select formatting options

1. Chart and graphs covey lots of business information in a visual format 

2. Different business Data variables plotted in charts and graphs show the trend of the business in an easy way

(a) 2D Chart 

(b) 3D Chart

Step 1. Select the plot area of the chart. 

Step 2. Click on the format tab. 

Step 3. Click on format selection. 

Step 4. Click on 3D Rotation and type a value of angle between 0° to 360° and then click close 

Step 5. Click on the chart area of the chart and click on format tab. 

Step 6. Click on shape effects and then click on Bevel and select a bevel option.

1. Column chart: column chart are used to compare values across categories 

2. Line chart: Line charts are used to display trends over time 

3. Pie chart: Pie charts display the contribution of each value to a total 

4. Bar chart: Bar charts are best suited for comparing multiple values 

5. Area chart: Area chart emphasis differences between several sets of data over a period of time. 

6. Scatter chart: (XY chart) This chart compares pairs of values. 

7. Radar chart: Display values relative to a center point.

8. Doughnut chart: It shows the relationship of parts to a whole. This chart display data in rings, where each ring represents a data series.

1. Column Chart: It is the most commonly used chart type. It shows a bar chart or bar graph with vertical bars. The X-axis shows the categories and Y-axis shows the value for each category. Column chart are used to compare values across categories. 

2. Line Chart: A line chart shows values in the Y-axis and categories in X-axis. The Y values of each data series is connected by a line. Line chart shows data changes for a certain period of time. 

3. Pie chart: A pie chart displays the contribution of each value to a total. It represents multiple subgroup of a single variable. It contains only one data series. A pie chart shows values as circular sectors of the total circle. Pie chart may be 

• Normal Pie chart
• Exploded Pie chart 
• Doughnut chart or Donut chart 
• Exploded Doughnut chart

 4. Bar Chart: This type of chart shows a bar graph or column chart with horizontal bars. The Y-axis shows categories and the X-axis shows the value for each category. It is suitable for comparing multiple values. 

5. Area chart: The chart shows values as points on the Y-axis. The X-axis shows categories. The Y values of each data series are connected by a line. The area between each two lines is filled with a colour. 

6. Scatter chart: Scatter chart is also known as XY chart. In this type of chart, both axes display values. This chart is used to show the relationship among two variables.

7. Radar chart: It is also known as Net chart or Star chart. A radar chart has a separate axis for each category and the axes extend outward from the center of the chart. The value of each data point is plotted on the corresponding axis.

8. Doughnut chart: Chart display in rings, where each ring represents a data series. The first data series is displayed in the center of the chart.

Advantages in using Graph/Chart:

1. It summarises a large data set in visual form 

2. Charts or graphs can clarify trends better than do tables. 

3. It helps to estimate key values at a glance 

4. It shows each data category in a frequency distribution. 

5. It permits a visual check of the accuracy and reasonableness of calculations 

6. The charts and graphs allow the investigator to draw a valid conclusion.

1. Chart area: 

This is the total space that is enclosed by a chart. It is the background of the chart.

2. Chart wall: 

In 2D chart, the wall or area is bounded by the X and Y-axis. In the 3D chart, the wall is bounded by three axes X, Y and Z

In Area chart chart, the area below the plotted lines is solid

Advantages in using Graph/Chart: 

1. It summarises a large data set in visual form 

2. Charts or graphs can clarify trends better than do tables. 

3. It helps to estimate key values at a glance 

4. It shows each data category in a frequency distribution. 

5. It permits a visual check of the accuracy and reasonableness of calculations 

6. The charts and graphs allow the investigator to draw a valid conclusion.

Step 1: Click in the chart element that contains text to be changed. 

Step 2: Click on the format. 

Step 3: Click on word Art styles. 

Step 4: Choose suitable options related to text formating like text fill, text outlines, shadow, etc.

The above graph is a Bar Chart

The above Chart is known as Line chart

1. Graphs/charts are the pictorial representation of business data 

2. A chart represents tabular numeric data 

3. Dimensions in the data are often displayed on axes (X, Y, & Z)

X-axis – I^st Quarter, II^st Quarter, III^st Quarter, IV^st Quarter, 

Y-axis – Sales in I^st Quarter, Sales in I^nd Quarter, Sales in III^rd Quarter, Sales in IV^th Quarter

1. Chart is a graphical representation of data

2. They are visual representation of numerical data 

3. Charts can be read more quickly than the raw data 

4. A chart has at least two axes – X and Y

1. First select the chart by double-clicking on it. The chart should now be surrounded by a gray bonder 

2. Right-click on the chart and choose chart type. 

3. Select the replacement chart type. 

4. Click on [OK]

Correct answer is (c) Move here

• X-Axis Title 
• Y-Axis Title
• Data label 
• Main Title 
• Legend 
• X-Axis 
• Y-Axis 
• Data series

1. Bar Chart This type of chart shows a bar graph or column chart with horizontal bars. The Y-axis shows categories and the X-axis shows the value for each category. It is suitable for comparing multiple values. 

2. Pie chart A pie chart displays the contribution of each value to a total. It represents multiple subgroup of a single variable. It contains only one data series. A pie chart shows values as circular sectors of the total circle. Pie chart may be 

• Normal Pie chart 
• Exploded Pie chart 
• Doughnut chart or Donut chart 
• Exploded Doughnut chart

Auto shapes tool bar allows drawing a number of geometrical shapes, arrows; ow chart elements, etc.

Bar chart, Column Chart, Pie chart, Line chart, Area chart, Doughnut chart, etc.

Step 1: Enter the data in a worksheet with proper column and row titles 

Step 2: Select the range of data using the mouse 

Step 3: Click on Insert Tab → Object → Chart. Select a chart type from the “Choose a chart type” list in chart wizard window. 

Step 4: Naming chart, X-axis and Y-axis. Click on the chart → Right click → Insert titles (Names) → OK 

Step 5: Change the layout or styles of chart. 

Step 6: Show or hide a legend 

Step 7: Display or hide chart axes or gridlines 

Step 8: Move (resize) a chart

Step 9: Save a chart

1. Column Chart: It is the most commonly used chart type. It shows a bar chart or bar graph with vertical bars. The X-axis shows the categories and Yaxis shows the value for each category. Column chart are used to compare values across categories. 

2. Bar Chart: This type of chart shows a bar graph or column chart with horizontal bars. The Y-axis shows categories and the X-axis shows the value for each category. It is suitable for comparing multiple values.

The entire chart including all elements is termed as  Chart area

Correct answer is (c) Bar chart

Bar Chart chart is suitable for comparing multiple.

(d) Category, Value, Series

Line chart chart shows data changes for a certain period of time.

Correct answer is (c) Data labels

In XY Chart or Scatter diagram chart, both axes display values i.e they have no category axis.

Right statements a & b

Pie chart chart contains only one data series

(b) Dierent categories

Correct answer is (a) Anywhere

Correct answer is (c) Chart wall

Pie chart  chart shows values as circular sectors to the total circle.

Correct answer is (a) Column chart