Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

1. Sulphur dioxide gas 

2. Chlorine gas.

Yes. H⁺ ions are always present in basic solution. Concentration of Basic is more than OH^– ions.

1. (iii) Carbon dioxide

2. (iii) All of the above

3. (i) Organic compounds

4. (i) TRUE

5. (ii) FALSE

(i) Presence of diffused sunlight.

(ii) H₂ + Cl₂ ⟶ 2HCl

(iii) Hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas.

(iv) Hydrogen chloride gas.

Wrong Pair: Mahila Dakshata Samiti – Phulrenu Guha

Wrong Pair : Mahila Dakshata Samiti – Pune

Wrong Pair: Dr Phulrenu Guha – Laatne Morcha

The nails are fitted in a cork and are kept in a 100 ml beaker. Then these are connected to the two terminals of a 6 volt battery along with a bulb and a switch. Now some dilute HCl is poured in the beaker and current is allowed to pass through the circuit. The same experiment is carried out using glucose and alcohol solutions separately in place of HCl.

Observations

The bulb glows in HCl solution only. The reason is that HCl solution dissociates into H⁺ and Cl^– ions which help to conduct electricity while glucose and alcohol solutions do not dissociate into ions and so, do not conduct electricity. That is why we find the bulb glowing in HCl solution only.

Conclusions

The above activity proves that all acids contain hydrogen but not all compounds containing hydrogen are acids. Due to this reason compounds such as alcohols and glucose although contain hydrogen, but they are not categorized as acids.

Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H_2.

Ca(HCO₃ )₂ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + 2CO₂ + 2H₂O.

AgCl (because of formation of diammine silver chloride), a white precipitate is soluble in excess NH₄OH.

Ca(HCO₃)₂ + 2HCI → CaCl₂ +2H₂O + 2CO₂ ↑

1. (ii) NO

2. (i) Hydrogen ions

3. (ii) NO

4. (i) Carbonic

5. (iv) All of the above

A white ppt. of silver chloride is formed.

Dilute hydrochloric acid.

(i) Chlorine is water sterilizer.

(ii) Silver nitrate and hydrochloric acid forms white ppt. 

AgNO₃ + HCl ⟶ AgCl (White ppt.) + HNO₃ White ppt.

(iii) Hydro gen chloride (HCl)

NH₃ + HCl ⟶ NH₄Cl (Dens e white fumes)

Water for drinking purpose and in swimming pools is treated with chlorine because it sterilises the water. Due to its strong oxidizing action, it destroys bacteria, fungus and other microorganisms.

Na₂CO₃ + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H₂O + CO₂ ↑

Effervescence of CO₂ seen which turns lime water milky

(i) Wash the test-tubes and other glass apparatus thoroughly with distilled water, before use.

(ii) All solutions should be freshly prepared.

(i) A demonstration was held in New York on 8 March, 1857. It was the first demonstration by working women and its demands were for fewer working hours, proper remuneration, provision of creches, etc. 

(ii) On 8 March 1909 women went on strike for the very same demands. That is why, this day wdeclared as the Women’s Struggle Day at the Women’s Socialist International, a conference held in Denmark. 

(iii) The year 1975 was observed as the International Women’s Year and in 1977, 8 March was declared as International Women’s Day by a resolution passed in the General Assembly of the United Nations.as 

NaHCO₃ + HCl → NaCl + H₂O + CO₂ ↑

Action of dilute hydrochloric acid on sodium sulphide. 

Na₂S + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H₂S

We take antacids.

This is because anhydrous HCl does not contain any free ions. But when HCl is dissolved in water, it dissociates into hydronium ion (H3O ⁺) and chloride ion (Cl^–). Due to the presence of free ions, aqueous solution of HCl conducts electricity.

Tap water always contains some amount of dissolved sodium chloride. Thus when the solution of silver nitrate is prepared in tap water, it reacts to form curdy white precipitate of silver chloride.

AgNO₃ + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO₃

To prevent the above chemical reaction, the solution of silver nitrate is prepared in distilled water.

1. (ii) NO

2. (I) YES

3. (iii) Ions

4. (i) TRUE

5. (ii) FALSE

1. Testing of the evolved gas by using dry litmus paper first. Then with wet litmus paper. 

2. Use gaurd tube containing calcium chloride.

Sodium is not used to prepare hydrogen from acids because sodium metal is highly reactive. So, the reaction with acids is much exothermic and there are more chances of explosion. It is also very dangerous to handle sodium metal.

1. (ii) Acidity

2. (i) TRUE

3. (i) YES

4. (iii) Acid

The albatross was not afraid of human beings. It ate the food that the sailors gave to him. He kept on flying ‘round and round’ the ship. He followed the ship every day either for food or for play. The sailors hailed it in God’s name as he was the first living creature that was seen in the land of mist, snow and ice bergs.

(i) it was the first sign of life and therefore gave them hope that they might survive

1. (ii) Carbon dioxide

2. (i) Carbon dioxide

3. (iii) Turns milky

4. (iv) All of these

5. (iv) All of these

The killing of the innocent and auspicious bird brought a great deal of sufferings to all the mariners. The bird had brought a favourable south wind. After his death, the ship was stuck in the silent sea. The wind stopped blowing. The ship refused to move and was stuck at one point. The ocean seemed to be boiling and the water burnt like a witch’s oils. In their dreams they saw a spirit following them to avenge the death of the albatross.

Value Points :

• held him and his act responsible for their sufferings.

• had visions of the spirit following them for revenge

Detailed Answer :

The sailors cursed the Ancient Mariner for killing the albatross as they held him and his act responsible for their sufferings. They got stuck in the silent sea where there was misery all around. They were thirsty but had no water to drink. They were sure of having the visions the spirit following them for revenge.

Value Points :

• wind stopped

• sails dropped down

• stuck in the silent sea

• no strange occurrences

Detailed Answer :

The killing of the albatross brought ill luck to the mariners as the breeze stopped blowing and the sails also dropped down. The whole atmosphere was sad and depressing. Their ship was stuck in the middle of the hot and sultry silent sea. There was water everywhere but they couldn’t drink it. There were strange occurrences. They were under the state of a lot of physical and mental agony.

All the mariners reacted vehemently after the auspicious and innocent bird, the albatross was killed by the ancient Mariner. All said firmly that the old Mariner killed the bird ‘that made the breeze to blow’. “Ah wretch!” said they. They condemned this terrible act of the old Mariner with one voice.

(a) They held the Mariner responsible for all their miseries/sufferings.

(b) The Ancient Mariner shot the Albatross.

(c) It was hung round the Mariner’s neck as a constant reminder to him of his sin and guilt.

(d) It refers to the holy cross.

The sailors are very fickle-minded. First they welcomed the Albatross and considered him as a blessing and a good omen, which had caused the ice to split and the breeze to blow. Later they think that the Albatross was responsible for the coming of the fog and mist.

First they blamed him. Then they praised him. They thought that the killing of the Albatross had brought them great woe. When the sun rose they felt he had done the right thing. They did not judge the killing of Albatross by any standard of reasoning but by the change in the weather.

1. (iv) All of the above

2. (ii) Acid fell on the clothes

3. (i) Acid

4. (i) 0 - 7

C₆H₁₂ and C₆H₁₀ an decolourise bromine water since these are unsaturated hydrocabons.

C₆H₁₄ cannot decolourise bromine water since it is a saturated hydrocarbon.

Value Points :

icebergs split enabling helmsman to steer the ship out - South wind started to blow enabling them to move nothwards

Detailed Answer : 

The Albatross brought many blessings as the mariners had been trapped in the midst of ice-bergs and snow. The ice bergs split with a crackling and howling sound and a favourable south wind started blowing when the Albatross appeared there. The fog was also lifted making the weather clear enough for the ship to move ahead northwards.

After condemning the ancient Mariner for killing the innocent and auspicious bird, the mariners completely changed their stand. Now they supported the old Mariner because the albatross had brought fog and mist. They justified his act of killing such a bird. Their shifting stand shows that the mariners were fickleminded. They had no ideology or strength of conviction.

The mariners faced untold sufferings when the ship entered the silent sea. The auspicious bird, albatrors was killed. The sailors were now under a curse. The wind stopped blowing. The sun became ‘bloody’ hot and the sky became red like copper. Water was all around but the sailors did not have even a drop to drink. The ship got stuck at one point and refused to move ahead. It looked like a painted ship on a painted ocean. It presented a picture of decay and stagnation.

The three elements are—

the supernatural element, love for nature and the poetic form, i.e., the use of quatrain which rhymes a b c d and variation in the number of the lines in some of the stanzas and also the rhyme scheme. 

Value Points :

Ancient Mariner killed the Albatross got stuck in the Pacific Ocean / silent sea - motionless, no breeze - dying of heat and thirst cursed by all. The dead Albatross was hung around his neck signifying his guilt and sin no respite from the guilt for the rest of his life had to confess to expiate his sin (of killing the Albatross)

Detailed Answer :

The Ancient Mariner killed the Albatross and after the death Albatross the weather became unfavorable for the mariners to continue their journey. As the ship sailed into the ‘silent sea’, the breeze dropped down, making the sails drop down as well. The ship came to a standstill. The wind died, the sun intensified and there was not a drop of water to drink. Despite being surrounded by water, their tongues and throats were parched at the root with thirst. They were so heat stricken that it seemed to them that very soon they were going to die. The condition of the Mariners turned out to be very pathetic and frightening. They were extremely dismayed at being stuck in between the silent sea.

They spoke to each other only to break the silence of the sea. The condition of the Mariners turned out to be very pathetic. The Mariners felt that the absence of the Albatross was the reason for their suffering. They wanted to make him suffer for his crime. All eyes turned to him accusingly and the dead Albatross was hung round his neck in place of the holy cross as a cursed reminder, so that the thought could plague him for the rest of his life.

As we know that alkalis react with oil to form soap. As our skin contains oil so when we touch strong alkalis, a reaction takes place and soapy solution is formed. Hence we should wear gloves

The Mariner had shot the Albatross for no reason. The others blamed him for their predicament as all the problems they faced, occurred after the shooting of the Albatross. Hence, they hung it around his neck. It was a constant reminder of the sin that he had committed.