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(a) CREATE, It is a DDL command the others are DML commands

Second generation computers were transistor based machines. They used the stored program concept. Programs were written in assembly language. They were smaller in size, less expensive and required less maintenance than the first j generation computers. The computation time was j in microseconds.

The LIKE operator of SQL is used to match a pattern with the help of %. February 2009

And, Or, Not.

Like Operator

DISTINCT – This keyword is used to avoid duplicate values in a column of a table.

Unique – It ensures that no two rows have the same value in a column.

The constraint Auto increment is used.

Python program runs directly from the source code. Each type Python programs executed code is required. Python converts source code written by the programmer into intermediate language which is again translated into the native language/ machine language that is executed. So Python is an interpreted language.

The first generation of computers :

• The main component of the first generation of computers was a vacuum tube.
• The size of computers was very big.
•  Huge consumption of electricity (approx. 60 KW).
• It was a giant machine 30 x 50 feet long, weighed 30 tons, containing 20,000 values & 70,000 resistors.
• Programming language was the machine level. Example: ENIAC, UNIVAC-I, EDSAC etc.

The disadvantages of third generation computers are as follow :

1. Air conditioning is required in many cases.

2. The highly sophisticated technology required for the manufacturing of IC chips.

Third generation computers were characterized by the use of IC. They consume less power and required low maintenance compared to their predecessors. High-level languages were used for programming. The computation time was in nanoseconds. These computers were produced commercially.

Fifth generation computers are capable of learning and self-organization. These computers use SLSI chips and have large memory requirements. They use parallel processing and are based on Artificial intelligence. The fifth generation computers are still being developing.

The LIKE operator pf SQL is used to match a pattern with the help of %. February 2009

UPDATE command is used for this.

Syntax : UPDATE<table name>set<column name>

=  value where condition.

The candidate key that is not the primary key is called the alternate key. Here the candidate keys are Reg.No, Roll No.+year, Roll No. + name. If we set Reg.No. as the primary key then the other keys are alternate keys.

(c) SET. This clause is used with UPDATE.

Yes, Python allows you to assign a single value to several variables simultaneously.

SQL means Structured Query Language. It is a relational database language, not a programming language like other high-level languages. It provides facilities to create a table, insert data into a table, retrieve information from a table, modify data in the table, etc.

> > > a = [‘one’,’two’,’three’] 

>>> ‘,’.join(a) 

‘one,two,three’

yes Python variables have to be explicitly declared to reserve memory space ?

IOCS stands for Input-Output Control System.

The third generation of computers :

• The main component of third generation computers were integrated circuits(IC’s) known as chips.
• More reliable computers, less expensive and faster in comparison to previous generations. Examples: IBM-360 Series, ICL1900 Series, Honey well Model 316.

Fourth generation computers used microprocessors which were designed using the LSI and VLSI technology. The computers became small, portable, reliable and cheap. The computation time is in Pico-seconds. They became available both to the home user and for commercial use.

Correct answer is (a) LIKE

Answer is DDL

We can create a config file & store the entire global variable to be shared across modules or script in it. By simply importing config, the entire global variable defined. It will be available for use in other modules.

 For example we want a, b & c to share between modules. config.py : 

a = 0 

b = 0 

c = 0 modulel.py: 

import config 

config.a = 1 

config.b = 2 

config.c = 3 

• print ” a, b & c are : ” , config.a, config.b, config.c

Python has one special literal called ‘None’. The ‘None’ literal is used to indicate something that has not yet been created. It is also used to indicate the end of lists in Python.

Literals mean constants i.e. the data items that never change value during a program run. Python allow five types of literals :

1.  String literals

2.  Numeric literals

3.  Boolean literals

4.  Special literal (None)

5.  Literal collections like tuples, lists etc.

The fourth generation of computers :

• The main component for this generation computers is VLSIC (Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits), known as microchips consisting of a packing of about 50000 transistors.
• Computer cost reduced up to a great extent.
• Faster access facility and processing speed.
•  Many powerful operating systems were developed.
• Multimedia computers are in existence.

Super Computers: Supercomputers are the most powerful computers among digital computers. A supercomputer consists of several processors running together making them immensely faster and powerful. These computers are capable of handling ’v 2 amounts of data for calculation and storage A supercomputer has the capacity equal to that of 40,000 microcomputers. 

These computers are mainly used in areas like weather forecasting, nuclear science research, aerodynamic modeling, meteorology etc. 

Examples: CRAY X-MP/14, CDC – 205, ETA GF – 10, NEC SX – 2, PARAM, ANURAG. 

PARAM and ANURAG are supercomputers produced by India and exported to many European countries.

Select * from CUSTOMER where RATING <=100 and Place= ‘Kochi’

Using ALTER TABLE command he can modify the width of field so that it can accommodate more than 20 characters.

Python allows two string types :

1.  Single line strings : Strings that are terminated in single line. For example : 

str = ‘Oswal Books’

2.  Multiple strings : Strings storing multiple lines of text. For example : 

str = ‘Owal \ 

Books’ 

or str = ” ” ” Oswal 

Books 

” ” “

Python allows three types of integer literals :

1.  Decimal (base 10) integer literals.

2.  Octal (base 8) integer literals.

3.  Hexadecimal (base 16) integer literals. For example, decimal 12 will be written as 14 as octal integer and as OXC as hexa decimal integer. (12)10 = (14)8 = (OXC)16. (as hexa decimal

their time complexity. The primary difference is that a Python list can contain objects of many different types. The array module also provides methods for creating arrays of fixed types with compact representations, but they are slower to index than lists. Also note that the numeric extensions and others define array-like structures with various characteristics as well.

He would have used the ALTER TABLE command.

Syntax, ALTER TABLE <name>ADD/MODIFY (<column>);

He would have used the ALTER TABLE command. Syntax: 

ALTER TABLE ADD/MODIFY ();

DROP TABLE is not in the sequence

Yes, Python support data type conversion. To convert between built-in types, programmer simply use the type name as a function. There are several built-in functions to perform conversion from one data type to another. These functions return a new object represting the converted value.

Using Single Quotes (‘) 

You can specify strings using single quotes such as ‘Quote me on this’. All white space i.e. spaces and tabs are preserved as it is. 

Using Double Quotes (”) 

Strings in double quotes work exactly the same way as strings in single quotes. 

An example  is “What’s your name?” 

Using Triple Quotes o(”’ or ” ” “) 

You can specify multi-line strings using triple quotes. You can use single quotes and double quotes freely within the triple quotes. An exampl is 

"‘This is a multi-line string. This is the first line. This is the second line. 

“What’s your name?,” I asked. 

He said “syed saif naqvi.”

The "-" operator subtracts right hand operand from left hand operand.

No, DROP TABLE removes a table entirely from the database whereas DELETE command deletes only records from an existing table.

1. DELETE 

2. All others are DDL commands

1. DELETE 

2. All others are DDL commands

The 7/” operator results is the quotient in which the digits after the decimal point are removed.

1. DDL – Create Table, Alter Table, Drop Table. 

DML- Insert Into, Delete, Update, Select. 

2. DDL – DDL means Data Definition Language. It is used to create the structure of a table, modify the structure of a table and delete the structure of a table. DML -DML means Data Manipulation Language. It is used to insert records into a table, modify the records of a table, delete the records of a table and retrieve the records from a table.

1. NOT NULL: it species that a column can never have null values, i.e., not empty 

2. UNIQUE: it ensures that no two rows have same value in the specied column. 

3. PRIMARY KEY: it declares a column or a set of columns as the primary key of the table. This constraint makes a column NOT NULL and UNIQUE. 

4. DEFAULT: it sets a default value for a column when the user does not enter a value for that column. 

5. Auto_increment: This constraint is used to perform auto increment the values in a column. That automatically generates serial numbers. Only one auto-increment column per table is allowed.

Correct option is  (B) Data model

1. True

2. True

Which component of DBMS provides interfaces with programming Languages DML.