Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

(D) Kandukuri Veeresalingam

Answer is (B) Aligarh

Phyllode is helpful to a plant as it reduces transpiration.

Answer is (C) 1829

In the first General Elections, congress won 364 seats out of 489.

Answer is (B) 1829

1. In the first election Congress won 364/489 seats as per expectations. 

2. The Communist Party next to Congress won only 16 seats. 

3. Congress scored higher in state elections also except Travancore-Cochin (Kerala), Madras and Orissa. 

4. Hence, country ruled at national and state level both by declaring Pt. J.L. Nehru as the first Prime Minister of India. 

5. In second and third elections also, Congress maintained the same position in Loksabha by winning of three fourth seats in the years 1957 and 1962 respectively.

The first general election was the first big test of democracy in a poor and illiterate country. Till then democracy had existed only in the prosperous countries. By that time many countries in Europe had not given voting rights to all women. In this context India’s experiment with universal adult franchise appeared very bold and risky. India’s general election of 1952 became a landmark in the history of democracy all over the world. It was no longer possible to argue that domocratise elections could not be held on conditions of poverty or lack of education. It proved that democracy could be practized anywhere in the world. The next two general elections strengthened democratic set-up in India.

The Chipko Movement

a. It raised the issues of economic and ecological exploitation by private companies in forest land.

b. The villagers protested against the practices of commercial logging permitted by the government.

Anti-Arrack movement

a. The women in Karnataka wanted to halt the rise of alcoholism and alcohol mafia.

b. They protested against the decline in the village economy and rise in domestic conflicts due to alcohol abuse by men.

Narmada Bachao Andolan

a. Narmada Bachao Andolan associates its opposition to Sardar Sarovar Project with larger issues concerning the nature of on-going developmental projects.

b. It demanded the relocation of the people that suffered from the construction of dam and compensation for loss of livelihood.

The slogan of the anti-arrack movement was – prohibition on the sale of arrack.

The first general elections had to be postponed twice and finally held from October 1951 to February 1952: 

1. These elections were referred to as 1952 elections because most parts of country voted in January 1952. 

2. It took six months for campaigning, polling and counting to be completed. 

3. Elections were competitive because there were on an average more than four candidates for each seat. 

4. The level of participation was encouraging to vote out in the election. 

5. The results were declared and accepted as fair even by losers to prove critics wrong.

These elections were successful: 

1. The losing of the parties was also accepted as fair. 

2. These elections became a landmark in the history of democracy. 

3. It was no longer possible to argue that democratic elections could not be held in conditions of poverty or lack of education. Instead, it can be practized anywhere in the world.

Yes, it was a women’s movement because it was spearheaded by women and it focused on issues like dowry, domestic violence, etc.

The role of women in various mass movement and agitations were:

(i) The Chipko Movement was a cause as the villagers protested against the allotment of forest land to a company by the government. The women began to embrace the trees of the forest to prevent loggers from cutting them.

(ii) The movement ‘Anti-arrack’ grew against the rise of alcoholism and the negative impact on families and village economy by it. The women began to combat alcohol mafia and pressurized the government to take action against them.

1. Prohibition on the sale of arrack.

2. Provided a platform to discuss private issues of domestic violence.

(i) The fifth general elections to Lok Sabha were held in February 1971. The electoral contest appeared to be loaded against Congress (R). After all, the new Congress was just one faction of an already weak party. Everyone believed that the real organizational strength of the Congress Party was under the command of Congress (O). To make I matter worse for Indira Gandhi, all the major non-Communist, non-Congress opposition parties formed an electoral alliance known as the Grand Alliance. Yet the new Congress had something that its big opponents lacked. it had an issue, an agenda, and a positive slogan. The Grand Alliance did not have a coherent political programme. Indira Gandhi said that the opposition alliance had only one common programme Indira Hatao (Remove Indira). In contrast to this, she put forward a positive programme captured in the famous slogan: Garibi Hatao (Remove poverty).

(ii) Indira Gandhi focussed on the growth of the public sector, the imposition of ceiling on rural land holdings and urban poverty, removal of disparities in income and opportunity, and the abolition of princely privileges. Thus, the slogan Garibi Hatao and the programmes that followed it were part of Indira Gandhi’s political strategy of building an Independent nationwide political support base. As a result, she won 352 seats with about 44 percent of the popular votes on its own in the Lok Sabha elections of 1971. 

(iii) Soon after the 1971 Lok Sabha election, a major political and military crisis broke out in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The 1971 elections were followed by the crisis in East Pakistan and the Indo- Pak war leading to the establishment of Bangladesh. These events added to the popularity of Indira Gandhi. Even the opposition leaders admired her statesmanship.

Because: 

1. Socialist credentials became main projects during this period. 

2. Indira Gandhi campaigned to implement land reform legislation and land ceiling legislation. 

3. She ended her dependence on other political parties by strengthening her party’s position and recommended the dissolution of Lok Sabha in December’ 1970. 

4. The crisis in East Pakistan and the Indo- Pak war to establish Bangladesh as an independent one, also enhanced the popularity of Indira Gandhi. 

5. Indira Gandhi’s government was not accepted only as a protector of the poor and underprivileged but as a strong government also. 

6. Congress became popular among different social sections and restored dominance again.

(i) The Anti-Arrack movement had touched upon larger social, economic and political issues of the region that affected women’s lives.

(ii) A close nexus between crime and politics was established around the business of arrack. 

(iii) Groups of local women tried to address these complex issues in their agitation against arrack. Their movement for the first time provided a platform to discuss private issues of domestic violence.

(iv) They ran a campaign against the system of dowry and demanded personal and property laws based on the norms of gender equality.

The main issues of the anti-Arrack movement were: 

1. The main of this movement was to prohibit the sale of arrack.

2. Its demand affected a broader section of society, economy and politics which were also related to crime and politics.

3. It gave women a platform to openly discuss the issues of domestic violence, sexual violence and dowry.

The anti-arrack movement drew the attention to:

1. The movement originated from the adult literacy drive, where women complained about the increasing consumption of the locally brewed alcohol by the men of their families.

2. There were protest organised by the women of Nellore against the arrack and there was a forced closure of the wine shops. Slowly this movement spread to other states.

3. In this movement, the rural women of Andhra Pradesh protested against alcoholism, government and mafias.

1. Anti-arrack movement was the movement of rural women in Andhra Pradesh to protest against alcoholism, mafias, and government. 

2. This movement had its roots in “adult literacy drive” where women complained of increased consumption of locally brewed alcohol arrack by men in their families to effect on the rural economy also. 

3. Women in Nellore came together in spontaneous local initiatives to protest against arrack and forced the closure of wine shop. 

And this movement spread slowly all over the state Issues relating to movements: 

1. The Anti-arrack movement aimed at the prohibition on the sale of arrack. 

2. Its demand touched upon a larger section of social, economic and political issues which had established a close nexus between crime and politics. 

3. Women openly discussed the issues of domestic violence like dowry, sexual violence etc. 

4. Anti-arrack movement provided a platform to discuss private issues of domestic violence.

Correct option is A) 1993

B) Both A, R are correct, R is not correct explanation for A.

A) Basin irrigation

P.A.U. has played an important role in the field of games. Three students of the university remained captain of Hockey team for Olympics.

They work as a link between agricultural specialists and farmers through mobile phone and internet.

P.A.U. has developed following agricultural techniques zero tillage, leaf colour chart, tension meter, happy seeder and laser leveler etc.

University developed linkage with ‘maize and wheat development centre (CIMMYT) of Mexico and ‘International rice research institute’ (IRRI) Manila (Phillipines) for research on rice.

Hybrid of Bajra H.B.I., single cross hybrid Paras of maize, first hybrid of gobisarson (P.G.S.H. -51).

161 varieties uptill year 2017

Capsicum, Tomato, Brinjal

• Wheat-Kalyan Sona, W.L. 711
• Rice-P.R. 106.
• Maize-Vijay.

These varieties of wheat, rice and maize helped in bringing green revolution.

Correct answer is Wheat

Correct answer is In 1967

Dr. Gurdev Singh Khush.

Dr. Norman E. Borloug.

Kalyan Sona, W.L. 711.

P.A.U. has developed 730 varieties of various crops, flowers, fruits and vegetables up to the year 2013. Out of these, 130 varieties are recommended at national level.

(b) Dr. Norman E. Borloug

1. rice

2. bajra

3. Dr. Prem Nath Thapa

4. 1955-56

1. True

2. False

3. True

4. False

5. True

• Chandragupta Maurya defeated the Nandas and established the Mauryan dynasty.
• In the text of Mahavamsa, Chandragupta is referred to as ‘the emperor of Jambudvipa i.e. emperor of Bharatvarsh’. 
• The Mauryas created a huge empire by conquering the big and small states in the northwest, north, and southern regions. 
• As a consequence, the boundaries of the Mauryan Empire extended to the Hindukush in the northwest. 
• The Mauryan Empire extended from Hindukush to the Bay of Bengal in the east and Gujarat in the west, as well as the Himalayas in the north to the Krishna river in the south. 
• Thus, the war between Chandragupta and the Greek King Seleucus was very important.

1. Tess was eight years old. Andrew was her little brother.

2. Andrew was very sick and he needed some operation to be alive. That was the problem with her brother.

3. Tess’s parents did not have enough money for the treatment because they were poor.

4. Tess’s parents were very poor. They couldn’t afford to stay in the present house after paying the doctor’s bills. So they were moving to a smaller house.

5. Tess’s parents were very poor. They couldn’t afford to spend money for the operation on Andrew. So they lost their hopes and gave up their efforts to save Andrew.

Correct option is  (b) Bimbisara

Correct option is (c) Haryanka

Correct option is  (a) Pataliputra

(a) Mahabharata

Correct option is  (d) Bhasa

• Literature of the Mauryan period not only reflects the thought process of the people but also the political, social, economic, and religious conditions of the period. 
• During the Mauryan period along with literature in the Sanskrit language, Pali and Ardhamagadhi were also used. 
• Jain and Buddhist Literature were created in the Prakrit language. The Prakrit language includes Pali, Ardhamagadhi, Shaurseni, Maharashtri, etc. 
• Panini’s Ashtadhyayi, Bhasa’s Swapnavasavadattam, Kautilya’s Arthashastra were some of the important works of this period. 
• Along with Sanskrit literature, many texts were written in the Prakrit language. The orders of Asoka inscribed on rocks and pillars are in Prakrit.
• The famous Buddhist ‘Tipitakas’ were edited during this period. Abhidhammapitaka was composed after the 3rd Buddhist council. 
• Jam literature too flourished during this period for e.g., texts like ‘Dashavaikalika’, Upasakadashanga Bhagvati Sutra were composed during this period.

Correct option is (c) Chakravarti

Correct option is (b) Greek ambassador who visited India during the period of Chandragupta Maurya – Megasthenes

(d) Mahapadma