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Correct answer is (b) Monkey

The explanation is: Monkey is not AMONG the classification of apes, whereas it belongs to ANTHROPOIDS. CHIMPANZEE, GORILLA, and orangutan belong to the classification of apes.

The correct option is (a) SOUTH and Middle AMERICA

For explanation: Spider monkey and marmosets belongs to the new world monkeys. The new world monkey evolved from South and Middle America. They are CHARACTERIZED by a protruding NOSE with upward direction of NOSTRIL.

The correct option is (a) Anthropoids

To ELABORATE: Prosimians and Anthropoids are TWO SUB orders of PRIMATES. Humans, apes and monkeys belong to Anthropoids whereas Lemur, loris and TARSIERS belong to Prosimians.

Right answer is (b) tree SHREWS

The best I can explain: Tree shrews were the first real primates originated in palaeocene epoch. They have two PAIRS of mammary GLANDS, V-shaped JAW, shorter snout. Claws are absent and nails PRESENT on digits.

Right option is (b) False

For EXPLANATION I would SAY: It is a wrong statement. The order of humans is primates and they BELONG to the class mammalia. Their genus is Homo and SPECIES Sapiens.

The correct ANSWER is (b) Cenozoic

Best EXPLANATION: They ORIGINATED 80 – 100 million years ago. They belong to palaeocene epoch of coenozoic era. Primates originated from elephant SHREWS but they were not REAL primates.

Right answer is (C) the MAN’s place in nature

The explanation is: Origin of man was explained in Huxley’s BOOK called “The man’s place in nature”. It shows the connection of man with nature and how he adapted to survive in nature.

The correct option is (a) CAROLUS Linnaeus

Explanation: The first scientific name of man was given by Carolus Linnaeus. He called them Homo sapiens wiseman. He added wiseman to the name as it was the only organism with HIGH BRAIN CAPACITY.

The correct option is (B) Hominoidae

To explain I would SAY: Hominoidae is the SUPER family of man. Man belong to the family Hominidae. The order of man is PRIMATES and class is Mammalia.

Correct OPTION is (b) Pleistocene

Best explanation: Human APPEARED during the Pleistocene epoch. The appearance of the social life of man was also observed. Miocene is the golden age of MAMMALS. The apelike ANCESTOR of human appeared during Pliocene epoch. Holocene is known as the age of man.

The CORRECT answer is (a) ANTHROPOID apes

For explanation: Anthropoid apes evolved during the Oligocene EPOCH of animal evolution. These apes are said to evolve from monkeys and CROCODILES. It occurred at about 1.9 crore years ago during the Tertiary period.

Correct CHOICE is (b) EXTINCTION of dinosaurs

Explanation: Extinction of dinosaurs and primitive birds OCCURRED. First modern birds appeared during the Cretaceous period. ALSO, primitive placental mammals like insectivorous shrews also ORIGINATED. This all occurred 7.1 crore years ago.

The correct choice is (a) 5.4 – 5.9

To EXPLAIN: Evolution of toothed birds OCCURRED about 5.4 – 5.9 years ago. Birds like archaeopteryx evolved during this period. ALSO, marsupials evolved from PROTOTHERIANS. This all happened during the Jurassic period.

The correct ANSWER is (d) APES

Best explanation: Origin of first oviparous prototheria, mammals, dinosaurs, FLYING reptiles. It OCCURRED at about 3.5 CRORE years ago. Apes did not evolve during this period.

Right choice is (d) Devonian

Explanation: Appearance of first AMPHIBIANS were during the period of Devonian. Bony fishes and lungfishes also evolved during this period. It OCCURRED about 5 crore YEARS ago.

Right answer is (a) Lobefins were ancestors of modern-day frogs and salamanders

The explanation is: It is said to BELIEVE that modern-day frogs and salamanders EVOLVED from lobefins. AMPHIBIANS evolved into reptiles ALSO reptiles lay thick-shelled eggs. Reptiles of different shapes and sizes evolved during ANIMAL evolution.

Correct choice is (B) Lobefin

Explanation: Lobefin were the FIRST animals to be declared as amphibians. The first mammals resembled SHREWS whereas jawless fish EVOLVED around 350 million years ago. Ichthyosaurs were fish-like reptiles that EXISTED 200 million years ago.

Right option is (C) SEVEN lakhs

Explanation: It was 7 lakh years ago when HERBS and grasses increased in population. They belonged to the epoch PLEISTOCENE of the Quaternary period. They collectively occurred during the Cenozoic era.

The correct choice is (B) Oligocene

The best I can explain: Rise of monocots occurred during the epoch Oligocene. It occurred at about 1.9 crore YEARS AGO. They belonged to the Tertiary PERIOD of the Cenozoic era.

Right choice is (d) Angiosperms

Best EXPLANATION: Angiosperms APPEARED during the Cretaceous PERIOD about 7.1 crore years ago. Dicots also began their EVOLUTION during this period. They belonged to the Mesozoic era.

Right choice is (c) SPHENOPSIDS

For explanation I would say: Herbaceous LYCOPODS, arborescent lycopods, and zosterophyllum belong to the ANCESTRAL line of tracheophyte. They occurred during the period of JURASSIC, Permian, and SILURIAN respectively. Sphenopsids belonged to Psilophyton.

Correct answer is (a) Carboniferous

Best explanation: It was during the Carboniferous period when the FIRST seed PLANTS occurred. Ancestral gymnosperms, FERNS, and bryophytes ALSO originated during this period. It occurred at about 6.5 crore years ago.

Correct answer is (d) Chlorophyte

The BEST explanation: Bryophytes belonged to chlorophyte ANCESTORS. Bryophytes ORIGINATED about 6.5 crore years ago. Bryophytes FLOURISHED during the tertiary period.

The correct choice is (b) Ordovician

For explanation I WOULD SAY: Marine plants were abundant during the Ordovician period. Plants also reached FRESH WATER during this period. It occurred about 6 to 7 crore years AGO during the Palaeozoic era.

Right answer is (c) Marine multicellular algae EVOLVED

For explanation I would SAY: Marine bacteria evolved. ALONG with this, colonial multicellular filamentous algae evolved in OCEANS during the Cambrian period. This occurred about seven crore years ago.

Right option is (a) 1.5 BILLION

Explanation: Prokaryotic form of life was FORMED. Also, blue-green algae originated about 1.5 billion YEARS ago. They evolved during the ARCHAEOZOIC ERA.

The correct answer is (d) Formation of NEW species

For EXPLANATION: Some species travel to new places. This changes the allele frequency totally and makes them different species. So, the original species that migrated BECOME FOUNDERS. HENCE the name Founder effect.

Correct answer is (a) by chance

To explain: Gene flow occurs when gene migration occurs many or MULTIPLE TIMES. When this occurs by a chance, a process called gene drift occurs. It cannot occur spontaneously, slowly or DUE to a disaster.

Correct answer is (b) Gene migration

For explanation I would say: Gene migration or gene flow occurs when some SPECIES migrate from ORIGINAL to a new place. This changes the ALLELE frequency in the OLD as well as a new place. So, new genes or ALLELES are being added to the new population and removed from the old one.

The correct answer is (d) Five

The explanation is: Hardy Weinberg stated that there are SIX factors affecting this principle. They are Gene migration or gene flow, genetic DRIFT, mutation, genetic recombination, and NATURAL selection. Each factor plays a MAJOR ROLE in evolution.

The correct choice is (a) True

To elaborate: It is a correct statement as ALLELE FREQUENCY is the main trigger to EVOLUTION. When the frequency changes in a population either due to migration or other factors, this results in EVOLUTIONARY change.

Right answer is (d) frequency of ALLELE A and a

The BEST explanation: Individual frequencies can be REPRESENTED as p and q. But for a diploid organism, p and q explain the frequency of allele A and allele a. p^2 REPRESENTS AA whereas q^2 represent aa.

The correct option is (b) P^2 + 2pq + Q^2 = 1

To EXPLAIN: The Hardy Weinberg EQUATION is p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1. Here, p^2 denotes the allele of AA and q^2 denotes the allele aa. This shows that p, q,and A, a are related in multiplication. So, 2pq represent Aa.

Correct choice is (a) one

Easiest EXPLANATION: According to Hardy Weinberg principle, the total sum of all the frequencies of the allele is one. It SHOWS that the gene pool remains the same or constant, i.e. one. Hence, it can be also TERMED as GENETIC EQUILIBRIUM.

Correct answer is (c) Allele FREQUENCY varies from species

The best I can EXPLAIN: Allele FREQUENCIES does not vary from species to species. In a population, the frequency always REMAINS fixed or constant according to Hardy Weinberg principle. The alleles and total genes in any population remain constant and hence stable.

The correct choice is (d) Intermediate COLORED limpets were PREYED

Best explanation: Limpets shell has a CONTINUOUS pattern with COLOR ranging from pure white to dark TAN. They either attached to white gooseneck barnacles or to tan colored rocks. The light-colored limpets camouflaged with white barnacles while tanned limpets camouflaged on tan-colored rocks. But, the limpets with intermediate shell patterns were conspicuous and were preyed by predatory shorebirds.

Right answer is (a) Limpets

Explanation: Marine mollusca is also KNOWN as limpets. They are aquatic SNAILS with a conical shaped shell with a MUSCULAR foot. They are MEMBERS of the family Gastropoda. Their shell pattern shows disruptive SELECTION.

Correct choice is (B) Two

For explanation I would say: In disruptive selection, most of the individuals get the periphery values at both ENDS of the CURVE given in the graph. The population gets divided into two different groups. HENCE, they have two peaks which resemble a two-humped camel.

The correct choice is (d) Members of both extreme are selected

The best explanation: In disruptive selection, the members of both extreme are selected. The average gets REJECTED. Most of the INDIVIDUALS GET values other than the mean character value. The naturally selected members are shown by two PEAKS.

The correct choice is (b) False

For explanation I WOULD say: It is a wrong statement. In DIRECTIONAL selection, the peak of the graph shifts in ONE DIRECTION. It favors one extreme value and eliminates the other extreme and average value. Whereas in STABILIZING selection, the peak gets higher and narrower.

Correct choice is (b) Progressive selection

The best explanation: DIRECTIONAL selection is ALSO KNOWN as progressive selection. This selection always OPERATES in a CHANGING environment. After this natural selection, mean value always changed.

The correct choice is (C) Stabilizing selection

The explanation is: Mortality in babies is an example of stabilizing selection. It is all depended on the baby’s birth WEIGHT. The OPTIMUM birth weight is 7.3 pounds which favor this selection. Newborn infants with less than 5.5 pounds and more than 10 pounds have the highest mortality RATE.

The correct choice is (a) OPERATES in a constant environment

Explanation: Stabilizing SELECTION operates in a constant environment. It favors the average or complex phenotype and eliminates the EXTREME values. The mean value NEVER changes. Also, the PEAK gets higher and narrower.