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Ionic Solidsaresolidscomposed of oppositely chargedions. They consist of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions .WhenIonic Solidsare dissolved in water the cations and the anions separate, they become free to move about in the water allowing the solution to conduct electrical current.

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Glucose is acommon nutrient that is absorbed in the small intestine and reabsorbed by the kidney tubules. It isabsorbed( using Na-glucose co-transporters) in thesmall intestineby the surrounding blood capillaries so that it can be transported to different parts of the body.

Thebodyneeds a variety of the following 5nutrients- protein, carbohydrate, fat,vitaminsand minerals - from thefoodwe eat to stay healthy and productive. Protein - is needed to build, maintain and repair muscle, blood, skin and bones and other tissues and organs in thebody.

Food has nutrients in it—substancethat give our body many important things that we need. They provide us with energy and also help control the way our body grows.

Before nutrients can go to work food must be broken downso that they canpass into our body. This is called digestion. It starts when wechewthe food that we eat. When weswallow it it travels on to the stomach where it is mixed together with water and otherfluids. Then the food is passed on to theintestine. Nutrients escape through the walls of the intestine into our blood. From there they are carried to all parts of the body.

Most food leaveswastethat the body cannot use. Some of it goes to thekidney and turns intourine. The liver also filters out waste. What is left over passes through thelarge intestineand leaves our body.

Ionic Solidsaresolidscomposed of oppositely chargedions. They consist of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions .WhenIonic Solidsare dissolved in water the cations and the anions separate, they become free to move about in the water allowing the solution to conduct electrical current.

Ans :- Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH₃. The simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colourless gas with a characteristic pungent smell.

CN- 3NO 2.5CN+ 2CN 2.5

CN- 3CN 2.5NO 2.5CN+ 2

explain how it is dissolve

co-ordination compound doesn't breaks into their smalest elements or molecules

instead , then break into their cationic amd anionic spheres.

here [co(NH3)]²+ is cationic part and [cr(CN)6]³- is anionic part.they can't dissolve further.

i) NaCl ( Sodium chloride)

ii) Bromine

Thecellis made up of an outer zinc container, which acts as the anode

option b). hexagonal

Graphite is a good conductor of electricity because it contains free electrons.

In silver plating, the object to be plated (e.g., a spoon) is made from the cathode of an electrolytic cell. The anode is a bar of silver metal, and the electrolyte (the liquid in between the electrodes) is a solution of silver cyanide, AgCN, in water. When a direct current is passed through the cell, positive silver ions (Ag+) from the silver cyanide migrate to the negative anode (the spoon), where they are neutralized by electrons and stick to the spoon as silver metal:

Meanwhile, the silver anode bar gives up electrons to become silver ions:

Thus, the anode bar gradually dissolves to replenish the silver ions in the solution. The net result is that silver metal has been transferred from the anode to the cathode, in this case the spoon. This process continues until the desired coating thickness is built up on the spoon-usually only a few thousandths of an inch-or until the silver bar has completely dissolved.

In electroplating with silver, silver cyanide is used in the electrolyte rather than other compounds of silver such as silver nitrate, AgNO3, because the cyanide ion, CN-, reacts with silver ion, Ag+, to form the complex ion Ag(CN) -. This limits the supply of free Ag+ions in the solution, so they can deposit themselves only very gradually onto the cathode. This produces a shinier and more adherent silver plating. Gold plating is done in much the same way, using a gold anode and an electrolyte containing gold cyanide, AuCN.

Combustion is the most common example for oxidation reactions.

Rising of dough with yeast depends on oxidation of sugars to carbon dioxide and water.

Bleaching of coloured objects using moist chlorine.

Elevation of boiling point

It is known that a liquid boils only when its vapour pressure becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure. But when a non-volatile solute is added to the solvent, the vapour pressure is lowered. In order to boil the solution, the temperature has to be raised further so as to make its vapour pressure equal to atmospheric pressure.

The raising of temperature is known as elevation of boiling point (delta Tb). It depends upon the number of moles of the added non-volatile solute.

Thus,delta Tb directly proportional to m

delta Tb = Kb*m

Where Kb= molal boiling point elevation constant and ‘m’ = molality of the solute.

Solid ionic compoundsdo not conduct electricitybecause theionsare not mobile. Moltenionic compounds and aqueous ionicsolutions do conductelectricitybecause theionsare able to moveandcarry a current.

1.Carbon, in the form of carbon dioxide, is used in the manufacture of many fizzy and carbonated drinks. 2.It is also used in fire extinguishers. 3.Dry ice, which is the solid form of carbon dioxide, is used as acooling agent. 4.Freon, is used in cooling systems and devices like refrigerators and air conditioners.

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Thermoplastics

The Kjeldahl method is used to determine the amount of nitrogen present in an unknown sample. Classically, this method is used to estimate the protein content of food and the amount of nitrogen in soil samples. The method depends on the conversion of ammoniacal compounds like amines and amides into free ammonia gas by digestion with strong solutions of NaOH. This ammonia gas is then bubbled by distillation through a known amount of a standard acid solution which neutralizes some of the acid. The amount of ammonia produced is then determined by back titration of the remaining acid with a standardized NaOH solution. The formula you seek is just the math required to do a back titration.

If HA is the standard acid used to trap the ammonia and the concentration and volume of a standardized solution of NaOH used in the back titration are known, then:

(MHA)(vol. of HA) – (Mof NaOH)(vol. of NaOH) = moles of NH3 produced

moles of NH3 x 1 mol N/1 mol NH3 x 14.01 g/mol N = grams of nitrogen in sample

grams of nitrogen/grams of sample x 100% = percentage of nitrogen in the unknown sample

It should be noted that compounds containing oxidized nitrogen (NO3- or NO2), or nitrogen found in ring structures are not determined by the Kjeldahl method

In this process, benzene sulfonic acid is reacted with aqueous sodium hydroxide. The resulting salt is mixed with solid sodium hydroxide and fused at a high temperature. The product of this reaction is sodium phenoxide, which is acidified with aqueous acid to yield phenol.

Initial conditions: T1= 220 degree C = 493 K, P1= 3 atm, V1= 1.65 LFinal conditions: T2= 40 degree C =313 K, P2= 0.7 atm, V2= 1.00 LNow,n1= P1V1/RT1 = 3 x 1.65/R x 493

n2= P¹V¹/RT20.7 x 1/R x 313

Fraction of gas remaining, n2/n1= (0.7 x 1 x 493)/(3 x 1.65 x 313)

= 345.1/1549.35 = 0.22

Fraction of gas escaped = 1-0.22 = 0.78 = 78%

Thus, 78% of nitrogen gas should be allowed to escape.

wrong

hello I am not sure what happened

Hydrogen Carbon Chlorine mass 4.07 24.27 71.65 RAM 1 12 35.5no. of moles 4.07/1 24.27/12 71.65/35.5 4.07 2.02 2.02divide by the 4.07/2.02 2.02/2.02 2.02least no 2 1 1

Empirical formula therefore is H2CCl

the molecular formula is (EF)n=MF

(1+1+12+35.5)=49.5......98.96/49.5=2 n=2

(H2CCl)2=H4C2Cl2

therefore the molecular formula is C2H4Cl2(dichloroethane)

I don't know please like 👍

total mass = 98.96 , assume it to be 100 for easy calculation

now mass of H = 4% = 4g = 4/1= 4 molesmass of C = 24% = 24g = 24/12 = 2 molesmass of Cl = 71% = 71g = 71/35.5 = 2 moles

so molecular formula = C2H4Cl2

and emperical formula =CH2Cl

Number of Moles of H = 4.07/1 = 4 (almost)Number of Moles of C = 24.27/12 = 2(almost)Number of Moles of Cl = 71/35.5 = 2​(almost)RatioC:H:Cl = 2:4:2 = 1:2:1Empirical Formula = CH2ClEmpirical Formula Mass =12+2+35 = 49n = 98.96/46 = 2(almost)Molecular formula = n x empirical formula = C2H5Cl2

Number of Moles of H = 4.07/1 = 4 (almost)Number of Moles of C = 24.27/12 = 2(almost)Number of Moles of Cl = 71/35.5 = 2​(almost)RatioC:H:Cl = 2:4:2 = 1:2:1Empirical Formula = CH2ClEmpirical Formula Mass =12+2+35 = 49n = 98.96/46 = 2(almost)Molecular formula = n x empirical formula = C2H5Cl2

Third carbon being sp hybridized will have the maximum electronegativity.

concept:

Electronegative of hybrid orbitals depend upon %of s charater, asElectronegativityis a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.Hence more the s character more is the electronegativity.

how to identify a character in the given question

s character??

Reaction with sodium carbonate:Ethanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate to give sodium acetate ,carbon dioxide and water2CH3-COOH + Na2CO3→2CH3COO-Na++ CO2+ H2OReaction with sodium hydrogen carbonate:Ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate to give sodium acetate ,carbon dioxide and water.CH3-COOH + NaHCO3→CH3COO—Na++ CO2+ H2O

In the above reactions formation of Salt and water, release of Carbon dioxide gas confirmes acidic nature of CH3COOH.Reaction with base:Ethanoic acid reacts with bases to give salt and water.Example:Reaction of ethanoic acid with sodium hydroxide to form sodium acetate and water.CH3-COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O

In the above reactions formation of Salt and water confirmes acidic nature of CH3COOH.Reaction with sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodiumhydrogen carbonate and reaction with bases are useful to the acidic nature of ethanoic acid (CH3COOH).

Zinc can be beaten into thin sheets because zinc is a metal rest of them are non metals.

(a) is correct option

zinc can be beaten into thin sheets

The reaction is A3 <----> 3A ..... initially the no. of moles/lt of A is "a".given x is the degree of dissociation mean xa moles have dissociated. so A₃ <=> 3A at equilibrium (a)(1-x) <=> 3ax

now total no..moles are a-ax +3ax = a+2ax.

so , option D. is correct.

also you can check that if the dissociation is 100% (x =1) that if all the A₃ dissociates to 3A , then total no. of moles will be 3a.

so on putting x = 1 in (a+2ax) we get 3a. that is true.

Oxygen is far more electronegative than carbon and so has a strong tendency to pull electrons in a carbon-oxygen bond towards itself. One of the two pairs of electrons that make up a carbon-oxygen double bond is even more easily pulled towards the oxygen. That makes the carbon-oxygen double bond very highly polar.

So, In CH3CHO +I group is present which has a tendency to withdraw electrons, so that the negative charge on carbonyl oxygen becomes increases and positive charge on carbonyl carbon decreases and reaction becomes more difficult and makes it less reactive towards nucleophillic addition reaction while in HCHO,+I group is not there to withdraw electrons. so it will react with HCN very easily.

b)Chloroacetic acid is strong acid then acetic acid because in chloro acetic acid, chlorine atom attached to acetic acid due to its high electronegativity weakens the O-H bond and Also stabilizes the anion making H+ to go in easy maner but in case of acetic acid it is hydrogen hence it is not possible to donate H+.

PKa = - log10 Ka

PKa value depends upon the strength of acid. If acid is strong than PKa value would be less and vice versa.So PKa-acetic acid is 4.23 and chloroacetic acid is 2.3.

c)Alpha hydrogeninaldehydesis more acidicbecause of 2 reasons: 1-Strong electron withdrawing effect of carbonylgroup,which makes release ofalpha hydrogeneasier. Inaldehydes other than an alkyl group there is a hydrogenatom bonded tocarbonyl carbon.

butan-1,4-aldehyde

(a)Butanal(b)septanal

option c is the answer

This can be explained on the basis of z/e, where as z/e ratio increases, the size decreases and when z/e ratio decreases the size increases.

z is atomic number and e is number of electrons.

For Li+, z/e = 3/2 = 1.5

For F-, z/e = 9/10 = 0.9

For O2-, z/e = 8/10 = 0.8

For B3+, z/e = 5/2 = 2.5

The correct option is O2-

down the group ionic radius increases..then Cs has highest ionic radius

Explanation:

Cl2→2Cl⋅

ΔH=+242xkJ/mol

I will work out the energy required to dissociate1molecule ofCl2:

E=242×1036.022×1023=4.0186×10−19xJ

Now I use the Planck Expression:

E=hf=hcλ

∴λ=hcE

λ=6.63×10−34×3×1084.0186×10−19xm

λ=4.949×10−7xm

λ=495xnm

Louis de Broglieproposed that matter also has a dual character as wave and as particle.

second shell to 3 she'll after return back to 3 to 2.so the ans is 9:4

Ans :- Option (d) is correctThe pH of milk of magnesia isabout 10.5. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.

K = +1 O = -2 1+Mn+4*(-2) = 0 1 + Mn - 8 = 0 Mn = 7

71/3 × 3/71 = 1

=> 71×3/(3×71) = 1

This is an example of multiplicative inverse.

METALSAs the temperature increases, the molecular vibrations increase (in turn decreasing the mean free path of molecules). So, they obstruct the flow of free electrons, thus reducing the conductivity.SEMI-CONDUCTORSAs the temperature increases, the atoms in the material (both metal and semiconductors) vibrate more and more and scatter the free carriers more and decrease the mobility. The decrease in mobility is not as much as the increase in the density in the case of a semiconductor. So its conductivity increases.

right answer bhai ji