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This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 401. |
Which of the following glands are present in the brain?A. Parathyroid gland and thyroid glandB. Pituitary gland and thymusC. Hypophysis and pineal glandD. Pineal gland and thymus |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 402. |
Which of the following is synthesised in both the brain and endocrine glands?A. ACTHB. CortisolC. OxytocinD. Somatostatin |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D Somatostatin is an inhibitory hormone which is secreted by hypothalmus in the brain and pancreas. Somatostatin from hypothalamus inhibts the secretion of growth hormone from the anterior lobe of pituitary. Somatostatin from pancreas inhibits the release of other hormones from pancreas like insuliin and glucagon. |
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| 403. |
Brain sand occurs inA. thymusB. pinealC. thyroidD. pituitary |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 404. |
Injury to adrenal cortex is not likely to affect secretionoA. Androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosteroneB. AdrenalineC. CortisolD. Aldosterone |
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Answer» Correct Answer - B Injury to adrenal cortex is not likely to affect secretion of adrenaline |
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| 405. |
Endemic goiter is a state ofA. Increased thyroid functionB. Normal thyroid functionC. Decreased thyroid functionD. Moderate thyroid function |
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Answer» Correct Answer - C |
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| 406. |
The anterior lobe of pitutary affectsA. Protein metabolismB. Fat metabolismC. Carbohydrates metabolismD. all of the above |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D |
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| 407. |
Which of the following is the largest endocrine gland ?A. PituitaryB. PancreasC. ThyroidD. Testis |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 408. |
Which of the following is the largest endocrine gland ?A. thymusB. liverC. thyroidD. pancreas |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 409. |
Who is known as father of endocrinology ?A. R.H. WhittakerB. PasteurC. EinthovenD. Thomas Addison |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 410. |
Which is not a secondary messenger?A. CAMPB. `IP_(3)`C. CalciumD. Sodium |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D Hormones which interact with membrane-bound receptors normally do not enter the target cell, but generate secondary messengers (e.g., cyclic AMP, CGMP DAG, IP3, Caetc.) which in turn regulate cellular metabolism. |
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| 411. |
Who is the "Father of Endocrinology"?A. WhittakerB. EinthovenC. PasteurD. T.Addison |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D |
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| 412. |
List the hormones secreted by the following : (a) Hypothalamus , (b) Pituitary , (c ) Throid, (d) Parathyroid (e ) Adrenal, (f) Pancreas, (g) Testis , (h) Ovary (i) Thymus, (j) Actrium , (k) Kidney, (I) G-I Tract (M) Transmission of a nerve impulse across a chemical synapse |
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Answer» (a) Hypothalamus Hormones secreted by the hypothalamus include Releasing Hormones. These hormones stimulate the secretions of the pituitary hormone. Examples of these hormones are : Gondotrophin-releasing hormone Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone Somatotropin-releasing hormone Adrenocorticotrophin-releasing hormone Inhibiting Hormones inhibits the secretions of the pituitary hormone. Examples of these hormones are : (b) Pituitary : The pituitary gland ha two component i.e., adenophypophysis and neurohypophysis. Hormones secreated by the adenohypophysis are : Growth hormone (GH) Prolactin Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH ) Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) Luteinzing hormone (LH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) Hormones secreted by the neurohypophysis are : Oxytocin Vasopressin (c) Thyroid : The thyroid glands secretes 3 hormones namely, thyroxin, triiodothyronin and calcitonin (t3 t4) (d) Parathyroid : Secretes a hormone known as parathyroid hormone. (e ) Adrenal: The adrenal gland is divided into 2 parts, the outer adrenal cortex and the linner adenal medulla. Hormones of adrenal cortex include the following : Mineralocorticoids: Secreted is known as aldosterone. Glucocorticoids: secretes is cortisol. Hormones of adrenal medullla are adrenaline and nor-adrenalin. (f) Pancreas insulin and glucagan . (g) Testis: tetosterone, (h) Ovary: estrogen and progresterone. (i) Thymus: Hormones secreated by the thymus and thymosins, (j) Atrium: The walls of the atrium secrete atrial natriuretic factor. (k) Kidney: erythropoietin. (I) G-I tract: Gartrin, secretion, chlecystokinin (CCK), and gastruc ihibitoary peptide (GIP). |
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| 413. |
The chemical nature of hormone secreted by `alpha` and `beta` cells of pancreas isA. GlycoproteinB. SteroidC. PolypeptideD. Glyeolipid |
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Answer» Correct Answer - C Chemical nature of hormones secreted by o and B cells of pancreas is polypeptide/protein |
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| 414. |
The chemical nature of hormones secreted by `alpha and delta` cells of pancreas isA. GlycolipidB. GlycoproteinC. SteroidD. Polypeptide |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 415. |
Mastergland, pituitary has a non - functional part in humansA. Anterior pituitaryB. Pars intermediaC. NeurhypophysisD. Pars nervosa |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 416. |
5 Inflammatory responses can be controlled by a certain steroid. Name the steroid, its source and also its other important functions . |
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Answer» Glucocorticoids, particularly cortisol, produce anti-inflammatory reactions and suppress the immune response. The source for glucocorticoids is the middle zone, which is the widest of three zones. in adrenal cortex called zona fasciculata. The functions of glucocorticoids as the name suggests they is that they affect carbohydrate metabolism and metabolism of proteins and fats. They stimulate gluconeogenesis, lipoiysis and proteolysis. They also inhibit cellular uptake and utilisation of amino acids. Cortisol is also called stress hormone as it copes with stress. |
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| 417. |
Nor epinephrine is secreted fromA. Zona glomerulosaB. Zona fasciculataC. Zona reticularisD. Medulla of adrenal |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D |
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| 418. |
Old people have weak immune system. What could be the reasons? |
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Answer» The thymus gland is a lobular structure located on the dorsal side of the heart and the aorta. it is derived from the endoderm of the embryo. Thymus secretes a hormone named thymosin which stimulates the development of White Blood Cells (WBCs), involved in producing immunity. Thymus is degenerated in old individuals, resulting in decreased production of thymosin. As result the immune system becomes weak. in old people. |
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| 419. |
Thymosin stimulatesA. Milk secretionB. ErythrocytesC. T-lymphocytesD. Melanocytes |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 420. |
Which gland is concerened with salt equilibrium in bodyA. Anterior pituitaryB. PancreasC. AdrenalD. Throid |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 421. |
Which gland is concerened with salt equilibrium in bodyA. Anterior pituitaryB. PancreasC. AdrenalD. Thyroid |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 422. |
Which of the following takes part in salt balancing? A. Mineralocorticoid B. Glucocorticoid C. Somatotropin D. Follitropin |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A Mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) takes part in salt balancing |
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| 423. |
What is the function of calcitonin?A. it increaes calcium level in blood.B. It decreases calcium level in bloodC. It stimulates steroid synthesi.D. In increases absorption of water in kidney tubules. |
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Answer» Correct Answer - B Calcitonin is a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland. It lowers the calcium level in the blood by suppressing the release of calcium ions from the bones. |
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| 424. |
Endocrine gland responsible for immunity is A. Pineal B. Thymus C. Pituitary D. Adrenal |
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Answer» Correct Answer - B Thymosins play a major role in the differentiation T-lymphocytes, which provide cell-mediated immnity. In addition, thymosins also promote production of antibodies to provide humoral immunity |
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| 425. |
Match the gland, hormone and function.A. Corpus luteum-Estrogen-Supports pregnancyB. Thyroid-Thyroxine-Regulates blood calcium levelC. Anterior pituitary-Oxytocin-Constriction of uterine muscles during child birthD. Posterior pituitary- Vasopressin Stimulates reabsorption of water in distal tubules |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 426. |
Identify blanks a, b and c (i) a-Oestorgen-Maintenance of secondary sexual characters (ii) `alpha`-cells of islets of Langerhans-b-Raises blood sugar level (iii) Anterior pituitary-c-Oversecretion leads to gigantismA. `{:(A,B,C),("Placenta","Insulin","Vasopressin"):}`B. `{:(A,B,C),("Ovary","Insulin","Calcitonin"):}`C. `{:(A,B,C),("Placental","Glucagon","Calcitonin"):}`D. `{:(A,B,C),("Ovary","Glucagon","Growth horome"):}` |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D Ovary produces two steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone. Oestrogens produce wide ranging actions such as stimulation of growth and activities of female secondary sex organs, development of growing ovarian follicles, appearance of female secondary sec charracter (e.g. high pitch of voice, etc.) mammary gland development. Oestrogens also regulate female sexual behaviour. Alpha cells of islets of Langerhans of the endocrine pancreas secrete a hormone called glucagon. It is a peptide hormone and plays an important role in maintaining the normal blood glucose levels. It acts mainly on the liver cells (hepatocytes) and stimulates glycogenolysis resulting in an increased blood sugar (hyperglycemia). The pars distalis region of pituitary, commonly called anterior pituitary, secretes Growth Hormone (GH). Over secretion of GH stimulates abnormal growth of the body leading to gigantism and low secretion of GH results in stunted growth resulting in dwarfism. |
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| 427. |
Match the gland, hormone and function.A. `{:("Source gland","Hormone","Function"),("Posterior pituitary","Vasopressin","Stimulates resorption of water in the distal tubules in the nephron"):}`B. `{:("Source gland","Hormone","Function"),("Corpus luteum","Oestrogen","Supports pregnancy"):}`C. `{:("Source gland","Hormone","Function"),("Thyroid","Thyroxine","Regulates blood calcium level"):}`D. `{:("Source gland","Hormone","Function"),("Anterior pituitary","Oxytocin","Contraction of uterus muscles during child birth"):}` |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A The pituitary gland is located in a bony cavity called sella tursica and is attached to hypothalamus by a stalk. It is divided anatomically into an adenohypophysis and a neurohypophysis. The neurohypophysis latter is also called pars nevosa or posterior pituitary. It stores and releases two hormone called oxytocin and vasopressin which are actually synthesised by the hypothalamus and are transported axonally to neurohypophysis. Vasopressin acts mainly at the kidney adn stimulates reabsorption of water and electrolytes by the distal tubules in the nephron and thereby reducing the loss of water through urine (diuresis). Hence, it is also called as Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH). |
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| 428. |
Endocrine gland responsible for immunity is A. PinealB. ThymusC. PituitaryD. Adrenal |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 429. |
The hormones controlling secondary sexual characters includeA. ThyroxineB. FSH and LHC. GH and FSHD. Testosterone and estrogen |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 430. |
Which pituitary hormone is responsible for enhancing the arterial blood pressure by causing the narrowing of arterioles ?A. ACTHB. SomatotropinC. ADHD. LTH |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 431. |
Identify blanks a, b and c (i) a-Oestorgen-Maintenance of secondary sexual characters (ii) `alpha`-cells of islets of Langerhans-b-Raises blood sugar level (iii) Anterior pituitary-c-Oversecretion leads to gigantismA. a-Ovary, b-Glucagon,c-CalcitoninB. a-Ovary, b-Glucagon, c Growth hormoneC. a-Placenta, b-Glucagon, c CalcitoninD. a-Placenta, b-Insulin, |
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Answer» Correct Answer - B Ovary-Oestorgen-Maintenance of secondary sexual characters `alpha`-Cells of islets of Langerhans Glucagon-Raises blood sugar level. Anterior pituitary Growth hormone-Over secretion leads to gigantism. |
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| 432. |
The largest endocrine gland isA. Thyroid glandB. Adrenal glandC. ThymusD. Pituitary gland |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 433. |
The source of somatostatin is same as that ofA. thyroxine and calcitoninB. insulin and glucagonC. somatotropin and prolactinD. vasopressin and adrenline. |
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Answer» Correct Answer - B Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin, are secreted by islets of Langerhans of pancreas, Somatostatin suppresses the release of other hormones from pancreas. |
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| 434. |
Action of insulin was first demonstrated byA. Banting and BestB. DarwinC. LamarckD. Watson and Crick |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A Action of insulin was first demonstrated by Banting and best. |
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| 435. |
Exophthalmic goiter is caused due toA. HyperthyroidismB. HypothyroidismC. HyperparathyroidismD. Hypoparathyroidism |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 436. |
Name the non-iodinized hormone secreted by paraforllicular cells of thyroid.A. CalcitoninB. OxytocinC. VasopressionD. Gonadotropin |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 437. |
Match the source gland with its respective hormone as well as the function. |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 438. |
Match the source gland with its respective hormone as well as the function.A. `{:(,"Source",,"Gland",,"Hormone Function"),((1),"Thyroid",,"Thyroxine",,"Regulates blood cacium level"):}`B. `{:(,"Source",,"Gland",,"Hormone Function"),((2),"Anterior pituitary",,"Oxytocin",,"Contraction of uterus muscles during child birth"):}`C. `{:(,"Source",,"Gland",,"Hormone Function"),((3),"Posterior pituitary",,"Vasopressin ",,"Stimulates resportion of water in the distal tubules in the nephron"):}`D. `{:(,"Source",,"Gland",,"Hormone Function"),((4),"Corpus luteum",,"Estrogen",,"Supports Pregnancy"):}` |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 439. |
Iodine is associated withA. ThyroxinB. CalcitoninC. OxytocinD. Secretin |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A |
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| 440. |
Gorilla like appearance is due toA. Excess TSHB. Excess vitamin DC. Excess thyroxineD. Excess secretion of GH after maturity |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D Gorilla like the appearance is due to excess secretion of GH after maturity. |
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| 441. |
Hormones thyroxin, adrenaline and the pigment melanin are formed fromA. GlycineB. TryptophanC. TyrosineD. Prolinc |
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Answer» Correct Answer - C Hormones thyroxine and adrenaline and pigment melanin are formed from amino acid tyrosine. |
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| 442. |
Hormones thyroxin, adrenaline and the pigment melanin are formed fromA. TyrosineB. ProlineC. TryptophanD. Glycine |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 443. |
Hormones thyroxin, adrenaline and the pigment melanin are formed fromA. TryptophanB. GlycineC. TyrosineD. Proline |
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Answer» Correct Answer - C |
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| 444. |
The islets of Langerhans are found inA. pancreasB. stomachC. liverD. alimentary canal |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 445. |
The neuroendocrine structure isA. HypothalamusB. Adrenal cortexC. PancreasD. Thyroid |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 446. |
The inability to regulate the concentration of sodium ions in the blood could be due to the improper functioning of one of the followingA. Pars nervosa : It produces ADHB. Adenohypophysis : It produces TSHC. Adrenal cortex - It produces aldosteroneD. Adrenal medulla : It produces epinephrine |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 447. |
Which of the following methods can be used to obtain a definitive diagnosis of type I insulin-dependent diabetes ?A. Detecting the presence of islet cell antibodiesB. Performing an insulin receptor countC. Testing for elevated blood sugar concentrationD. Screening individuals for obesity |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 448. |
Which of the following is the main activating factor of aldosterone secretion during periods of dehydration ?A. ACTHB. Sympathetic nervous systemC. ReninD. Spontaneous adrenal release |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 449. |
If thymus gland of an infant is removed which of the following will not formA. MonocytesB. EosinophilsC. B-lymphocytesD. T-lymphocytes |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 450. |
What is the effect of parathormone on calcium levels in the blood ? |
| Answer» When calcium level in the blood decreases, the parathormone is released in order to increase the calcium level in the blood. | |