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Animals which eat food produced by plants are called Herbivores

Aquatic regions house numerous species of plants and animals, both large and small. This is where life began billions of years ago. Without water, most life forms would be unable to sustain themselves and the Earth would be a barren, desert-like place. Ponds, lakes, rivers, wetlands and oceans are sources of aquatic biomes.

The fertilizers and pesticides used in agriculture eventually remain in the soil and also mix with water and result in contamination of water and soil Urbanisation causes a number of environmental problems.

The primary food producers are plants

Food chain: It is a complex phenomenon in which one kind of life becomes the food for another kind and so on.

Major types of biomes are 

• Forest biome 
• Savanna biome 
• Grassland biome 
• Desert biome

Acid rains: Acid rains are caused by the mingling of acid particles of the atmosphere with rain increasing the acid content of rainwater.

• These days the increase in population creates great pressure on earth as well as its resources. 
• To satisfy the needs of ever growing population systematic mining, cutting of forests, building of forests and fields and roads took place all over the earth. 
• Burning of fossil fuels and release of enormous amounts of waste materials by industries contaminate air, water, and soil. 
• For providing food for the ever growing population, there is a need for increase in agricultural production. 
• Modern agriculture uses a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. 
• The most frightening aspect of pollution due to modern agriculture is the increase in the levels of toxins in our food.
• This increasingly proves to be very harmful not only to humans but also to all types of life on earth. 
• Since all living and non-living things on the earth are in one way or the other connected to each other, change affecting one, in due time affects all the others too. All these factors lead to ecological crisis.

Effects of ecological Grisis : 

1. If a particular species which feeds upon a particular kind of plant is exterminated, it would result in unchecked growth of that plant and it may intrude the area where other plants grow and disturb their growth. 

2. Many industries use chemicals and metals which flow into the rivers and streams. The metals like mercury are consumed by microorganisms in water and in turn beome the food of fishes. When human beings consume these fishes they too absorb some amount of mercury which is detrimental to their health. 

3. Farmers use Diclofenac to treat cattle; when the cattle die their flesh retains this chemical: When their flesh is consumed by vultures, diclofenac leads to kidney failure in them and they die.

• We should see that the biodiversity is presereved. 
• We should see some alternative energy sources such as Biogas and Solar energy etc. 
• No industries should be allowed to flow chemicals or other waste material into the streams or rivers. 
• Use of chemical fertilizers should be avoided. 
• Use of plastic should be banned. 
• Licence should be cancelled to all the factories which release green house gases into the air. 
• Pollution caused by vehicles should be checked.

The primary food producers on the Earth are Plants

It refers to the proper balance between the different organisms and their physical environment in the biosphere. 

Ecological crisis: Any disturbance in the cycle of life that goes on can create what s called an ecological crisis’.

Natural landscape water, soil, temperature, pressure, wind, precipitation are the components of Biosphere.

Biotic components consist of plants, animals and micro-organism. It is of two types. One is autotrophic which comprises of those plants which produce food for themselves through photosynthesis. They are called as primary producers and the other is Heterotrophic, comprises of those plants which produce food for themselves through photosynthesis. They are called as primary producers and the other is heterotrophic, comprises of those organism which depend on Autographs.

The self producers of food in the ecosystem are together known as the autotrophic component. They produced food with the Photosynthesis process.

Biotic component are the living component consist of various plants, animals and microbes comprising many different interdependent populations.

The environment which is created or formed naturally with biotic things is called physical environment. Land, water, soil, rainfall, winds and biological features on the earth are the factors of physical environment.

Physical Environment and Cultural Environment. 

Endemism is the ecological state of being unique to a particular geographic location such as a specific island, habitat type or nation.

A category used in the classification of organisms that consist of a group of individuals that can breed among themselves and produce offspring.

Biotic and Aboitic components

Tundra: Tundra ¡s a biome where tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons.

Rio-de-janerio

It refers to small plants that can grow quickly during a short warm to cool summer season, in the low temperature and high latitudinal areas.

Ecology is the study of the interaction of living organisms with their physical, chemical and biological environment.

The term Ecology was introduced by Ernest Hackel ini 869.

A.GTransley in 1935

Ecology is the science of the relationship between living organism and their Surroundings.

These organisms are dependent upon other organisms for food. It consists of consumers and decomposers.

The phenomenon by which toxic chemical get concentrated with the increasing tropic levels is known as biomagnifications.

The conversion of water and carbon dioxide by plants into glucose and oxygen light is used as an energy source. 

It refers to removal or destruction of the forest cover of an area.

World Environmental day.

1. Deforestation.

2. Emission of green house gases from industries.

D) Hydrochloric acid

1. How do acid rains affect the ecosystems? 

2. What are the factors that result in acid rains?

(B) Vultures

Herbivores: The plant-eating animals are called herbivores.

Eutrophication: An increase in the rate of supply of organic matter in an ecosystem.