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The correct ANSWER is (d) Glycogen

Easiest explanation: Glucose is the source of energy for animal tissues. It is STORED in the BODY in polymeric form in a polysaccharide called glycogen. Glycogen can be broken down into glucose for consumption by tissues when REQUIRED by the body.

The CORRECT ANSWER is (C) intercellular ground SUBSTANCE

For explanation: Collagen is an intercellular ground substance. It is a major structural PROTEIN found in the extracellular matrix of the various connective tissues found in the body. It is the most abundant protein in the animal world.

The correct ANSWER is (d) homopolymer

To elaborate: A homopolymer is a repeated SEQUENCE of the same monomer multiple number of times. HETEROPOLYMERS are made of different MONOMERS. For example, proteins are heteropolymers of various amino ACIDS.

Right CHOICE is (c) Collagen

To explain I would SAY: Collagen is the most abundant protein of the animal WORLD. It is the main structural protein in the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX in the connective tissues. Collagen forms a scaffold to provide strength and structure to the entire body.

Correct answer is (d) Ribulose bisphosphate Carboxylase-Oxygenase

Easy explanation: The full form of RuBisCO is Ribulose bisphosphate Carboxylase-Oxygenase. It is an important enzyme FOUND in plants that PLAYS a MAJOR role in photosynthesis. It CATALYZES the first major step of carbon fixation.

The correct answer is (b) False

For explanation I WOULD say: Oxidoreductase catalyses oxidation and REDUCTION between 2 substrates. Transferase is an enzyme catalyses the transfer of specific FUNCTIONAL groups from one MOLECULE to another.

The CORRECT answer is (b) Two

For explanation I WOULD say: Biomolecules which are the chemical compounds found in the living organisms are of two types. One, those which have molecular WEIGHTS less than one thousand Dalton and two which are found in the acid-insoluble fraction.

Right OPTION is (a) True

Easiest explanation: 20 amino acids undergo different permutations and combinations to FORM a large number of proteins. Proteins are biomacromolecules that function as ENZYMES, defense COMPOUNDS and help to maintain structure.

The correct OPTION is (a) INVERT sugar

Explanation: Sucrose is also called as invert sugar. Sucrose is dextrorotatory and on hydrolysis gives more AMOUNT of fructose than that of glucose. Fructose being laevorotatory TURNS the ENTIRE mixture to laevorotatory.

The correct answer is (a) Coenzyme

The explanation: Coenzymes are organic COMPOUNDS. The associations of coenzymes and apoenzymes are transient and occur during CATALYSIS. VITAMINS are IMPORTANT chemical COMPONENTS of coenzymes.

The CORRECT OPTION is (C) The energy of the product is lesser than that of the substrate

Explanation: In an enzymatic reaction, a substrate is CONVERTED into a product via the formation of a higher energy enzyme-substrate complex. If the energy of the product is lesser than that of the substrate, it signifies an EXOTHERMIC reaction.

Correct answer is (c) Formation of CARBONIC ACID

Explanation: Carbonic ANHYDRASE is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation as well as the BREAKDOWN of carbonic acid. Carbonic anhydrase is proteinaceous in nature and it can be denatured at HIGH temperatures.

Correct OPTION is (c) Left end

Explanation: CELLULOSE is a polysaccharide composed of GLUCOSE MONOMERS that has a linear structure. The right end of polysaccharide CHAINS is the reducing end while the left end is the non-reducing end.

Correct choice is (c) Glucose to pyruvate

Explanation: Catabolism is a TYPE of metabolism which involves the biochemical BREAKDOWN of larger biomolecules to SMALLER ones. Hence, the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate is an EXAMPLE of catabolism.

The correct choice is (C) It is DUE to this process that biomolecules do not have a TURNOVER

To elaborate: Metabolism involves the breaking down of biomolecules and also the FORMATION of new biomolecules. It involves various chemical reactions. It is responsible for the turnover of biomolecules.

Right CHOICE is (d) It follows arbitrary PATHWAYS

Explanation: The FLOW of metabolites in the body in various metabolic pathways have a definite rate and a definite direction. The flow may be LINEAR or circular. However, it follows specific metabolic pathways and not arbitrary ones.

Right choice is (c) 18 – 800 Da

The explanation: When tissue is grinded in trichloroacetic ACID and strained, it separates into an acid SOLUBLE pool and an acid INSOLUBLE pool. The acid soluble pool contains compounds whose APPROXIMATE molecular weight is between 18 to 800 Da.

Correct answer is (c) methane

Explanation: An amino acid has an α-CARBON, surrounded by one amino group, one acidic group and TWO other groups. Methane is SIMILAR in STRUCTURE, with four hydrogens surrounding the central carbon.

The correct choice is (c) Structure remains same at different pH

Easiest EXPLANATION: The AMINO group and the acidic group or an amino acid are both ionizable and can exist in zwitter ionic form. However, due to their ionizable property, their structure does not ALWAYS REMAIN the same at different pH.

The correct choice is (C) Starch COMPRISES of two forms, namely, AMYLOSE (water insoluble) and amylopectin (water soluble)

The BEST I can explain: Cellulose can’t be digested by mammals unless they contain microbes that digest cellulose in their gut. Polysaccharides mainly act as the food storage or structural materials. Starch comprises of two forms, namely, amylose (water soluble) and amylopectin (water insoluble). Amylopectin has α-1, 4 and 1, 6-glycosidic linkage.

Right choice is (b) Most of the polysaccharides are sweet in taste and therefore are ALSO called sugars

Easiest explanation: Polysaccharides are used to store FOOD whereas most of the MONOSACCHARIDES are used for instantaneous energy. Most of the monosaccharides and disaccharides are sweet in taste whereas polysaccharides don’t taste sweet. Starch can be digested whereas CELLULOSE can’t be digested. Saccharides are also classified as ketose and ALDOSE.

The correct answer is (b) It INVOLVES a CHANGE in SHAPE

Explanation: Physical changes involve a change in the shape of a substance but it does not involve the breaking of BONDS. Physical changes are reversible, unlike CHEMICAL changes. The melting of ice is a physical change.

Correct answer is (C) Amine

The explanation is: When a MOLECULE of carbon DIOXIDE is removed from an amino acid, it FORMS an amine. This is an example of a metabolic reaction in which one biomolecule is converted into ANOTHER biomolecule.

Correct choice is (c) Dissolving carbon DIOXIDE in WATER

The EXPLANATION is: Dissolution of carbon dioxide in water is an example of a physical PROCESS. It is reversible. The COMBUSTION of hydrocarbons, curdling of milk and rusting of iron are chemical processes.

Correct choice is (b) Removal or carbon DIOXIDE

To elaborate: An amino acid is CONVERTED into an amine by the removal of a molecule of carbon dioxide. This is an EXAMPLE of a METABOLIC reaction in which ONE biomolecule is converted to another biomolecule.

Correct option is (c) Biomolecules have a turnover

Explanation: Biomolecules are present in various concentrations inside the CELLS and inside the body as a whole. Their LEVELS keep CHANGING in the body. Hence, they have a turnover. Their concentrations can be EXPRESSED in mols/cell or mols/liter.

Right OPTION is (b) Chitin is a heteropolymer

To explain I would say: Inulin is a homopolymer of repeating units of the monomer fructose. GLYCOGEN is highly BRANCHED. Cellulose is the major component of cotton FIBERS. However, chitin is a homopolymer of N-acetyl glucosamine units.

Correct OPTION is (a) Major constituent of the cell membrane

For EXPLANATION: Proteins have numerous important functions in the body. They help to transport nutrients ACROSS cells and through BLOOD. They make up the immune system and maintain homeostasis. However, lipids are the major constituent of the cell membrane.

Right option is (c) POLYSACCHARIDES

The best I can explain: After living tissue is homogenized and strained, it separates into an acid soluble pool and an acid INSOLUBLE pool. The acid insoluble pool CONTAINS MACROMOLECULES such as polysaccharides.

Right answer is (b) Through DIET

Easy EXPLANATION: Amino ACIDS can be divided into two groups- ESSENTIAL amino acids and non-essential amino acids. Non-essential amino acids are PRODUCED by the body while essential amino acids are obtained through our diet.

The CORRECT ANSWER is (b) Dietary proteins

The best I can explain: Certain amino acids are essential for our HEALTH and they have to be supplied through our diet. Hence, dietary proteins are the source of essential amino acids.

Correct option is (c) Water

Easy explanation: Water is the most abundant CHEMICAL in living organisms. It comprises about 70-90% of the TOTAL cellular mass. PROTEINS, CARBOHYDRATES and nucleic acids comprise for about 10-15%, 3% and 5-7% of the total cellular mass respectively.

Correct answer is (d) RICIN

Explanation: Myosin, KERATIN and elastin are important and major PROTEINS present in the body. They are primary metabolites. However, ricin is a secondary metabolite. It is a toxin which is FOUND naturally in CASTOR beans.

The correct OPTION is (a) True

To explain: All metabolic REACTIONS TAKING place inside the body are catalyzed. Hence, the dissolution of CARBON dioxide for transport throughout the body ALSO involves the presence of a catalyst.

Correct option is (d) Acetic acid to cholesterol

Explanation: Anabolism is a TYPE of metabolism which INVOLVES the biochemical SYNTHESIS of larger biomolecules from smaller ones. Hence, the formation of cholesterol from acetic acid is an EXAMPLE of anabolism.

Correct choice is (b) False

The best EXPLANATION: It is false as a PROTEIN thread cannot EXIST as an extended rigid rod CONFORMATION. It undergoes folding in the form of helices or sheets with the help of various interactions. This represents the secondary structure.

The correct choice is (c) 2

Explanation: Adult human hemoglobin is composed of FOUR SUBUNITS-two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. Two subunits are of alpha type while two subunits are of beta type. Hence, it has two TYPES of subunits.

Right OPTION is (d) Trypsin

Explanation: Trypsin is an enzyme that HELPS in protein digestion in the SMALL INTESTINE. COLLAGEN is a structural protein; insulin is a hormone and GLUT-4 is a carrier protein that enables the transport of glucose into the cell.

Right choice is (a) Peptide bond

The best I can EXPLAIN: The PRIMARY structure of amino acids is made of MONOMERS of amino acids. The amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds between the amino GROUP of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of the ADJACENT one.

The correct option is (c) Vitamins

For EXPLANATION: The ACID insoluble pool or fraction of the homogenized plant or animal tissue CONTAINS proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids. These molecules are ALSO KNOWN as biomolecules. Vitamins are not present.

The correct answer is (B) TWO

The best explanation: When we STRAIN thick SLURRY through a cheesecloth or cotton we would obtain two fractions. ONE is called the filtrate or the acid-soluble pool, and the second, the retentate or the acid-insoluble fraction.

Correct CHOICE is (c) Alkaloid

To explain I would SAY: Codeine is an alkaloid. It is an opiate which is utilized as a central analgesic and sedative to treat PAIN, coughing and DIARRHEA. Codeine is a secondary metabolite, along with toxins and PIGMENTS.

Right option is (d) Because different organisms have different water-absorbing capacities

The best I can EXPLAIN: During a chemical analysis, one weighs a small AMOUNT of LIVING tissue, say a leaf or LIVER and this weight is known as wet weight. After that, we dry it. All the water evaporates. The remaining MATERIAL gives dry weight. Now because different organisms have different water-holding capacities, so their wet weights would be different.

The correct CHOICE is (c) Isomerases

For EXPLANATION I would SAY: D-lactic acid and l-lactic acid are optical isomers. They can be interconverted into either form with the help of isomerases. These enzymes CATALYZE the interconversion of optical, positional and geometric isomers.