Write the reactions involved in large scale preparation of nitric acid

1.	Write the reactions involved in large scale preparation of nitric acid.
Answer» Ostwald’s process (Large scale preparation): Ostwald’s process is used to prepare nitric acid on a large scale. a. This method is based upon catalytic oxidation of NH₃ by atmospheric oxygen. 4NH_3(g) (Ammonia) + 5O_2(g) (From air) \(\underset{500K,9bar }{\stackrel{Pt/Rh gaugecatalyst}{\longrightarrow}}\) 4NO_(g) (Nitric oxide) + 6H₂O_(g) b. Nitric oxide reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide 2NO_(g) (Nitric oxide) + O_2(g) (Oxygen) ⇌ 2NO_2(g) (Nitrogen dioxide) c. Nitrogen dioxide on dissolution in water gives nitric acid. 3NO_2(g) (Nitrogen dioxide) + H₂O_(l) (Water )→ 2HNO_3(l) (Water ) + NO_(g) The nitric oxide (NO) thus formed is recycled and the aqueous HNO₃ is concentrated by distillation to give 68% HNO₃ by mass. Further, concentration to 98% can be achieved by dehydration with concentrated H₂SO₄.

Write the reactions involved in large scale preparation of nitric acid.

Answer»

Ostwald’s process (Large scale preparation): Ostwald’s process is used to prepare nitric acid on a large scale.

a. This method is based upon catalytic oxidation of NH₃ by atmospheric oxygen.

4NH_3(g) (Ammonia) + 5O_2(g) (From air) \(\underset{500K,9bar }{\stackrel{Pt/Rh gaugecatalyst}{\longrightarrow}}\) 4NO_(g) (Nitric oxide) + 6H₂O_(g)

b. Nitric oxide reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide

2NO_(g) (Nitric oxide) + O_2(g) (Oxygen) ⇌ 2NO_2(g) (Nitrogen dioxide)

c. Nitrogen dioxide on dissolution in water gives nitric acid.

3NO_2(g) (Nitrogen dioxide) + H₂O_(l) (Water )→ 2HNO_3(l) (Water ) + NO_(g)

The nitric oxide (NO) thus formed is recycled and the aqueous HNO₃ is concentrated by distillation to give 68% HNO₃ by mass. Further, concentration to 98% can be achieved by dehydration with concentrated H₂SO₄.

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