In Gupta period, remarkable progress was observed in various branches of science and technology. Mathematics, astronomy, chemistry, physics, ayurveda, surgery etc. progressed in a major way. Aryabhatta composed philosophical formulas and Aryashta Shataka treaties. He propounded the principles of earth’s spherical shape and its rotation about its axis.

Bhaskara I wrote ‘Bhasya’ and commentaries on Aryabhatta’s Dashagitik formulas and ‘Aryashta Shataka’. Varahamitra wrote treatises like ‘Panch Siddaantika’, Brihata Samthita’ and ‘Brihata Jalika’. He invented the method of determining square root and cube root. Brahmagupta wrote ‘Brahmaphuta Siddhanta’, ‘Khanda Khadaka’ etc. and also propounded the principle of gravity.

Kanad rishi propounded Vaisheshik Darshan’ and the theory of atom in the Gupta period. Nagarjuna was a scholar of chemistry and metallurgical science. He defined and proved the treatment of various diseases by use of minerals like gold, silver etc. and invented “Parada’.

Shrenis had special knowledge of techniques. Melting of metals through chemical process and their casting developed significantly. Mehrauli’s iron pillar is a fine example of casting and metallurgical expertise.