Conservation is the protection, preservation, management of wildlife and natural resource such as forest and water. 

Types:

In-situ conservation: It is conservation of living resources within the natural ecosystem in which they occur.

1. National Parks:

• It is an area which is strictly reserved for the betterment of the wildlife.
• Here, activities like forestry, grazing or cultivation are not permitted. 
• Eg – Guindy National Park in Chennai district.

2. Wildlife sanctuaries: 

• A sanctuary is a protected area reserved for the conservation of animals only.
• Human activities like harvesting of timber, collection of forest products and private ownership rights are allowed here. 
• Controlled interference like tourist activity is also allowed.

3. Biosphere reserves:

• It is a protected area where human population also forms the part of the system. 
• The area of these places will be around 5000 square kilometers. 
• They conserve the eco system, species and genetic resources. 
• Eg – These areas are set up mainly for economic development.

Ex-situ Conservation: 

It is the conservation of wildlife outside their habitat. Establishing zoos and botanical gardens, conservation of genes, seedling and tissue. 

1. Botanical gardens:

• It is a place where flowers, fruits and vegetables are grown.
• These places provide a healthy and calm environment.

2. Zoological parks: 

• Zoological parks are the areas where wild animals are conserved.
• In India there are about 800 zoological parks. 

3. Tissue Culture:

It is a technique of growing plant cells, tissues, organs, seeds or other plant parts in a sterile environment on a nutrient medium.

4. Seed bank: 

The seed bank preserves dried seeds by storing them in a very low temperature. 

5. Cryo Bank: 

It is a technique by which a seed or embryo is preserved at a very low temperature.