After world war II, to maintain and establish international peace and cooperation, the need of a world organization was felt. With this view on October 24, 1945, UNO was founded. The first, meeting of UN general assembly was held on June 10, 1946 in London. There are 111 articles in the chapter of UNO, in which its organization, powers and functions are described.

Organizational structure of UNO. 

In it, 6 major organs are included, which are described as given below :

i. General Assembly : 

It is a top institution of UNO. It is given the name of the “meeting hall of world.” Ideas of all big and small countries are heard here. All the members of UN are the members of general assembly. Any member country cannot send more than five representatives to the General Assembly. Each country has a single vote in general assembly. The general assembly elects its President only for one year. Its meeting is held on third Tuesday of September each year. It discusses affairs related to international peace and security. It passes the budget of UN. It elects the members of UN’s other organs.

ii. Security Council : 

It is the executive body of UNO. It is an important party of UNO. It has fifteen members in which five are permanent : USA, China, Russia, France and Britain. Besides, there are ten temporary members, These are elected by general assembly for two years. The five permanent members of security council have special power (Veto). If any permanent member disagrees on any important question, that motion is disapproved. It is a guardian of international peace and security, any country can put its problem before it. It decides the disputes between the countries, and can use power, if necessary. With the cooperation of general assembly, it elects the judges of international court.

iii. International Court : 

It is an important part of UNO. Its headquarters is in Hague. It decides the disputes of the different countries of the world according to international laws. The member countries obey the decision. Its judges are elected by general assembly. All the members of UNO are its members. There are 22 judges in this court. They are experts in international law. They are appointed for 9 years and after every three years, 5 judges are retired. The judges can fight the election again. Indian justice Dalveer Bhandari is currently a judge of international court.

The powers and rights of international court can be divided into three parts :

1. Optional right 

2. Compulsory right 

3. Advisory right.

iv. Trusteeship Council : 

It is a subordinate part of UNO. As a helping part of general assembly, it works for inspection of administration in strategic areas as an assistant to the UN political committee. Trusteeship council has done a lot of development in political, economic and social fields. This council also looks after the administration of those areas who are under the control and protection of UN. Besides, it tries to make such areas independent by making them progressive.

v. Secretariat : 

It is an important part of UNO. It is the headquarters of UN which administers and coordinates different programs and policies executed by the other organizations or agencies of UN. The head of UN’s secretariate is the secretary general. His election, on the recommendation of general assembly, is done for five years.

Following works are performed by secretary general :

1. To call meeting of security council, economic and social council. 

2. To execute the decisions taken by different parts of UN. 

3. To make aware security council about world threats. 

4. To provide the report of secretariat’s work to general assembly.