1.

Why sodium carbonate is added in preparation of soap in cold process

Answer» In case of hard water it will precipitate CALCIUM carbonate, ACTIVITY of SOAP will improve. But in presence of fresh water it will reduce the inter-facial tension , but bubbles of soap will not be formed . In presence of saline water ADDITION of sodium carbonate may increase pH resulting in SCALE formation of calcium carbonate. 
However, in general the foaming capacity of detergents is not affected to a very large extent by addition of sodium carbonate.


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